开花植物延迟自交的研究进展

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.2022008031

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 233-239.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.2022008031

所属专题：南京林业大学120周年校庆特刊

开花植物延迟自交的研究进展

肖汉文¹(), 刘清山²^,³, 田如男¹^,^*()

1.南京林业大学风景园林学院,江苏南京 210037
2.上海辰山植物园,上海 201602
3.浙江理工大学生命科学与医药学院,浙江杭州 310018

收稿日期:2022-08-15 修回日期:2022-09-25 出版日期:2022-11-30 发布日期:2022-11-24
通讯作者: 田如男
基金资助:
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

A review of delayed autonomous selfing in flowering plants

XIAO Hanwen¹(), LIU Qingshan²^,³, TIAN Runan¹^,^*()

1. College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
3. College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China

Received:2022-08-15 Revised:2022-09-25 Online:2022-11-30 Published:2022-11-24
Contact: TIAN Runan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

延迟自交是植物在单朵花开花末期主动自花授粉的一种繁殖方式。为了补充及完善植物进化和传粉生物学研究的综合数据资料,笔者概述了延迟自交的发生途径、试验研究方法、“两全其美”繁殖保障假说等方面的进展,探讨了其适应性意义,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。目前,延迟自交现象广泛发生在43科61属74种植物中,其中,52种植物的发生途径是单一的,22种植物由两种途径共同作用。在单一途径中,柱头弯曲引起的延迟自交最为常见;不完全雌雄异熟和雌雄异位减小两种途径共同作用促进的延迟自交最为常见。对延迟自交的观察,多采用宏观传粉生物学手段,少有研究将宏观传粉生物学与遗传学手段相结合为延迟自交的发生提供最严谨的证据。延迟自交的繁殖保障假说表明,植物在优先保障异交进行的前提下,当传粉环境不可预测时,延迟自交能为植物的繁殖成功提供保障,被认为是结合了自交和异交优点的“两全其美”的交配系统。此外,对于少胚珠物种,昆虫单次授粉后即可充分授粉;为节约植物资源,还可阻止延迟自交的发生。

关键词: 开花植物, 延迟自交, 繁殖保障, 近交衰退, 适应性机制

Abstract:

Delayed autonomous self-pollination or delayed selfing is a reproductive way of autonomous self-pollination that occurs at the end of cross-pollination of a single flower in flowering plants. To complement the comprehensive data base of plant evolution and pollination biology, we provide a review of progress in the occurrence pathways, experimental research methods, and the “best of both worlds” reproductive assurance hypothesis of delayed selfing. We also discuss the adaptive significance of delayed selfing and suggest future research directions. The delayed selfing is present in 74 angiosperm species, and widely distributed in 61 genera and 43 families, of which 52 species occur by a single pathway and 22 species by two pathways. In a single pathway, the style curvature is the most common to cause the delayed selfing. Incomplete dichogamy and reduced herkogamy are the most common pathways promoting the delayed selfing occurrence. Observations of delayed selfing have mostly been done through pollination biology, and few studies have combined pollination biology with genetics to provide the most rigorous evidence for the occurrence of delayed selfing. The reproductive assurance hypothesis of delayed selfing suggests that it prioritizes securing cross-pollination and can aid in the reproductive success of plants when the pollination environment is unpredictable. Therefore, the delayed selfing is considered the “best of both worlds” mating system that combines the advantages of selfing and outcrossing. In addition, for ovule-less species, plants have sufficient prior pollination and fertilization after a single visit by insects, which also prevents the occurrence of delayed selfing to save plant resources for other purposes.

Key words: flowering plant, delayed autonomous selfing, reproductive assurance, inbreeding depression, adaptation mechanism

中图分类号:

S718
Q941

肖汉文,刘清山,田如男. 开花植物延迟自交的研究进展[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(6): 233-239.

XIAO Hanwen, LIU Qingshan, TIAN Runan. A review of delayed autonomous selfing in flowering plants[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(6): 233-239.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.2022008031.

图/表 1

表1

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科 family	物种 species	发生途径 pathway	文献 reference
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	藤状黄蓉花 Dalechampia scandens	雌雄异位程度降低reduced herkogamy	Hildesheheim等^[10]
龙胆科 Gentianaceae	扁蕾 Gentianopsis barbata	雄蕊伸长stamen elongation	段元文等^[19]
龙胆科 Gentianaceae	Prepusa hookeriana	柱头弯曲stigma curvature	Lemos等^[16]
唇形科 Lamiaceae	荫生鼠尾草 Salvia umbratica	柱头弯曲stigma curvature	Xiao等^[12]
	S. hypoleuca		Naghiloo等^[20]
	南欧丹参S. sclarea		Naghiloo等^[20]
狸藻科 Lentibulariaceae	早果狸藻 Utricularia praeterita	雌雄异位程度降低reduced herkogamy	Chaudhary等^[18]
狸藻科 Lentibulariaceae	Utricularia babui	雌雄异位程度降低reduced herkogamy	Chaudhary等^[18]
野牡丹科 Melastomataceae	Bertolonia paranaensis	雌雄异位程度降低和雄蕊运动 reduced herkogamy and stamen movement	Passos等^[21]
野牡丹科 Melastomataceae	B. mosenii	雌雄异位程度降低和雄蕊运动 reduced herkogamy and stamen movement	Passos等^[21]
茄科Solanaceae	天仙子 Hyoscyamus niger	雄蕊伸长stamen elongation	帕丽旦·萨力等^[22]
其中39科	其余63种	单一发生途径:柱头弯曲stigma curvature,雌雄异位程度降低reduced herkogamy,花冠闭合corolla closure,不完全雌雄异熟incomplete dichogamy,花冠脱落corolla abscission,花冠萎蔫corolla wilting,雄蕊伸长stamen elongation,短暂自交不亲和transient self-incompatibility和双柱头diplostigmaty等多途径:不完全雌雄异熟和雌雄异位减小incomplete dichogamy and reduced herkogamy,柱头弯曲和不完全雌雄异熟style curvature and incomplete dichogamy,雌雄异位减小和雄蕊运动reduced herkogamy and stamen movement,短暂自交不亲和和雌雄异位减小transient SI and reduced herkogamy,花冠脱落和柱头弯曲corolla abscission and stigma curavature,不完全雌雄异熟和花丝弯曲incomplete dichogamy and filament curvatur,短暂自交不亲和柱头弯曲transient SI and stigma curvature,花冠脱落和柱头直伸corolla closure and style straightening	Goodwillie等^[8]

开花植物延迟自交的研究进展

A review of delayed autonomous selfing in flowering plants

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