8个杨树无性系/品种木材解剖特征及其径向变异模式

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104024

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 234-240.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104024

8个杨树无性系/品种木材解剖特征及其径向变异模式

刘亚梅¹(), 刘盛全¹^,^*(), 周亮¹, 胡建军², 赵自成³, 郑向丽⁴

1.国家林业和草原局林木材质改良与高效利用重点实验室,安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,安徽合肥 230036
2.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京 100091
3.焦作市农林科学研究院,河南焦作 454001
4.国有绥中县前卫林场,辽宁绥中 125203

收稿日期:2021-04-16 接受日期:2021-08-04 出版日期:2023-01-30 发布日期:2023-02-01
通讯作者: 刘盛全
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600201)

Anatomical characteristics and radial variations in eight poplar clones/cultivars

LIU Yamei¹(), LIU Shengquan¹^,^*(), ZHOU Liang¹, HU Jianjun², ZHAO Zicheng³, ZHENG Xiangli⁴

1. Wood Quality Improvement & High Efficient Utilization Key Lab of State Forest and Grassland Administration, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
2. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
3. Jiaozuo Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Jiaozuo 454001, China
4. Suizhong County State-owned Qianwei forest farm, Suizhong 125203, China

Received:2021-04-16 Accepted:2021-08-04 Online:2023-01-30 Published:2023-02-01
Contact: LIU Shengquan

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 厘清8个杨树无性系/品种木材解剖特征及其径向变异模式,分析无性系和树龄对其解剖特征的影响,为人工林杨树优良速生无性系筛选及管理提供理论依据。【方法】 在河南焦作林场选取8个杨树无性系/品种(林龄9~10 a):50号杨、‘中林46杨’‘108杨’、36号杨、N179杨、‘丹红杨’‘桑巨杨’‘南杨’,采用离析和切片的方法制备试样,应用显微成像技术测量不同杨树无性系纤维、导管、组织比量和木射线特征等。【结果】 8个杨树无性系/品种年轮宽度、纤维长度和纤维宽度均值范围分别为7.44~9.64 mm、971.06~1 152.94 μm和15.38~19.84 μm;导管长度、导管宽度和导管分布频率均值范围分别为409.88~491.71 μm、59.30~63.12 μm和44.31~51.84 个/mm²;双壁厚、胞腔径均值范围分别为3.23~4.36 μm、11.22~15.90 μm;纤维长宽比、壁腔比、腔径比和微纤丝角均值范围为56.85~78.91、0.26~0.41、0.72~0.80和16.34°~19.16°;纤维、导管和木射线的比量均值范围为59.45%~67.73%、21.40%~29.99%和10.20%~14.80%;木射线高度和宽度均值范围为260.76~306.59 μm和7.13~8.24 μm。从髓心至树皮,年轮宽度和导管宽度先增加后减小,纤维长度、宽度、长宽比、双壁厚、导管长度、导管宽度、导管比量和木射线高度先增加后达到稳定。微纤丝角度、纤维比量和木射线比量沿径向呈现逐渐降低后稳定的趋势,导管频率沿径向呈先减小后增加的趋势,而胞腔径、壁腔比、腔径比和木射线宽度在径向上变化呈平缓波动模式。方差分析表明,无性系和树龄对解剖特征均有显著影响。【结论】 综合考虑生长速度和解剖特征指标,‘丹红杨’表现最好,建议8个杨树无性系/品种的最适轮伐期为8~9 a。

关键词: 杨树, 无性系, 木材, 解剖特征, 径向变异

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aims of this study was to explore the anatomical characteristics and radial variations in eight poplar clones or cultivars and to analyze the influence of cloning and aging on anatomical characteristics. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting poplar clones and cutting management of fast-growing plantations. 【Method】 Clone 50 (P. deltoides 55/65), cultivar ‘Zhonglin46’ (P. euramericana cv. Zhonglin46), ‘108’ (P. euramericana cv. Guariento), clone 36 (P. deltoides 2KEN8), clone N179 (P. nigra N179), cultivars Danhong (P. deltoides cv. ‘Danhong’), ‘Sangju’ (P. euramericana cv. Sangju), and ‘Nanyang’ (P. deltoides cv. Nanyang) which were about nine to ten years old were cut from Jiaozuo forest farm in Henan province, China. The samples were segregated and sectioned, and the characteristics of fiber, vessel, ray, and tissue proportions were measured using microscopic imaging. 【Result】 The average ring width, fiber length, and fiber width were 7.44-9.64 mm, 971.06 -1152.94 μm, and 15.38-19.84 μm. The mean ranges of vessel length, vessel width, and vessel frequency were 409.88-491.71 μm, 59.30-63.12 μm, and 44.31-51.84 inds/mm². The double-wall thickness and lumen diameter ranges were 3.23-4.36 μm and 11.22-15.90 μm. The average ranges of fiber length to width ratio, wall to lumen ratio, lumen to width ratio, and microfibril angle were 56.85-78.91, 0.26-0.41, 0.72-0.82, and 16.34-19.16°. Proportions of fiber, vessel, and ray were 59.45%-67.7%, 21.40%-29.9%, and 10.20%-14.80%. The ray heights and width were 260.76-306.59 μm and 7.13-8.24 μm. From the pith to the bark, the ring width and vessel diameter first increased and then decreased, and the fiber length, fiber width, fiber length-to-width ratio, double wall thickness, vessel length, and ray height first increased along the radial direction and then stabilized. The microfibril angle, proportion of fiber, and proportion of rays first decreased along the radial direction and then stabilized; the vessel frequency decreased first and then increased, while the lumen diameter, wall-to-lumen ratio, lumen-to-width ratio, and ray width changed slightly along the radial direction. The ANOVAs analyses showed that clone and age had significant effects on anatomical characteristics. 【Conclusion】 Considering the growth rate and anatomical characteristics, Danhong showed the best properties, and the rotation age of the poplar clones was determined as 8-9 years.

Key words: poplar, clone, wood, anatomical characteristics, radial variation

中图分类号:

Q781.3

刘亚梅,刘盛全,周亮,等. 8个杨树无性系/品种木材解剖特征及其径向变异模式[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(1): 234-240.

LIU Yamei, LIU Shengquan, ZHOU Liang, HU Jianjun, ZHAO Zicheng, ZHENG Xiangli. Anatomical characteristics and radial variations in eight poplar clones/cultivars[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(1): 234-240.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104024.

图/表 4

表1

表2

8个杨树无性系/品种解剖特征"

指标 index	50号杨 P. deltoides 55/65		‘中林46杨’ P. euramericana cv. Zhonglin46	‘108杨’ P. euramericana cv. Guariento	36号杨 P. deltoides 2KEN8		N179杨 P. nigra N179		‘丹红杨’ P. deltoides cv. Danhong		‘桑巨杨’ P. euramericana cv. Sangju		‘南杨’ P. deltoides cv. Nanyang
年轮宽度/mm annual ring width	7.83±4.02 cd		8.76±3.65 abc	9.64±4.77 a	7.44±3.40 d		8.72±3.86 abc		9.20±4.11 ab		8.84±4.00 abc		8.33±3.53 bcd
纤维长度/μm fiber length	1 086.16±274.03 bc		1 103.85±272.97 b	11 45.65±269.37 a	1 026.75±266.15 d		1 076.53±255.83 c		1 137.76±298.94 a		976.61±252.95 e		1 152.94±262.19 a
纤维宽度/μm fiber width	17.03±3.14 c		19.84±3.88 a	17.85±3.23 b	15.89±3.61 d		17.75±3.69 b		17.05±3.67 c		16.14±4.39 d		15.38±3.42 e
长宽比 length to width ratio	66.46±12.79 bc		56.85±10.42 d	66.78±9.48 bc	68.21±11.61 bc		63.31±10.13 cd		59.84±12.50 ab		63.38±11.67 cd		78.91±12.05 a
双壁厚/μm double wall thickness	3.59±0.89 d		3.94±0.8 c	4.12±0.98 b	4.36±1.10 a		3.62±0.96 d		3.37±0.83 e		3.23±0.89 f		4.17±1.00 b
胞腔径/μm lumen diameter	13.43±2.74 c		15.90±3.66 a	13.72±3.10 c	11.53±3.38 e		14.14±3.50 b		13.68±3.50 c		12.91±4.05 d		11.22±3.25 e
壁腔比 wall to lumen ratio	0.27±0.73 cd		0.26±0.94 d	0.32±0.11 b	0.41±0.17 a		0.27±0.11 c		0.27±0.10 c		0.27±0.11 cd		0.40±0.16 a
腔径比 lumen to width ratio	0.79±0.13 ab		0.80±0.14 a	0.76±0.62 c	0.72±0.70 d		0.79±0.65 ac		0.79±0.67 b		0.72±0.11 d		0.72±0.16 d
微纤丝角/(°) microfibril angle		16.34±5.24 c	19.16±5.06 a	18.28±7.11 ab		16.57±4.72 c		17.80±5.80 abc		16.68±3.90 bc		18.68±6.18 a	17.73±3.71 abc
导管长度/μm vessel length		462.02±134.65 b	491.71±136.12 a	445.87±137.53 c		409.88±120.55 e		428.80±120.75 d		450.99±119.46 bc		448.76±119.37 bc	438.76±108.16 cd
导管宽度/μm vessel diameter		60.34±9.72 c	61.63±11.41 b	59.35±10.53 cd		63.12±11.77 a		59.34±11.25 cd		59.87±10.34 cd		59.30±12.44 d	61.69±11.76 b
导管频率个/mm² vessel frequency		47.00±10.91 b	44.31±12.2 c	47.86±9.13 b		51.84±8.72 a		48.08±7.92 b		45.97±9.29 bc		50.51±9.68 a	50.99±13.36 a
纤维比量/% proportion of fiber		59.81±10.87 d	64.66±10.15 b	62.88±11.33 c		63.58±10.86 bc		64.25±9.75 b		67.73±10.01 a		59.45±11.67 d	62.93±10.33 c
导管比量/% proportion of vessel		29.99±10.10 a	24.12±8.32 cd	24.74±10.06 c		21.62±9.73 e		22.99±9.02 d		21.40±8.73 e		27.16±10.95 b	23.77±9.40 cd
木射线比量/% proportion of ray		10.20±5.37 d	10.42±5.60 d	12.38±6.12 c		14.80±6.38 a		12.76±5.24 bc		10.87±5.80 d		13.39±5.38 b	13.30±5.82 b
木射线高度/μm ray height		306.59±75.56 a	293.16±75.14 b	272.22±61.42 d		267.74±58.42 de		290.11±69.82 bc		272.01±55.76 d		260.76±53.06 e	283.25±66.21 c
木射线宽度/μm ray width		8.24±1.68 a	7.81±1.51 b	7.49±1.54 c		7.58±1.51 c		7.13±1.43 de		7.19±1.42 d		7.41±1.48 c	7.22±1.42 d

表2

图1

图2

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无性系/品种 clone/ cultivar	树龄/a age	树高/m tree height	胸径/cm DBH
50号杨P. deltoides 55/65	10	13.5~19.5	14.6~22.6
‘中林46杨’P. euramericana cv. Zhonglin46	10	17.1~18.6	20.0~24.0
‘108杨’P. euramericana cv. Guariento	10	16.7~20.0	21.8~25.0
36号杨P. deltoides 2KEN8	9	15.3~18.1	15.1~19.1
N179杨P. nigra N179	10	17.1~18.7	18.1~24.3
‘丹红杨’P. deltoides cv. Danhong	9	19.4~20.2	19.3~22.3
‘桑巨杨’P. euramericana cv. Sangju	10	17.5~19.4	20.8~22.0
‘南杨’P. deltoides cv. Nanyang	10	14.8~18.9	19.6~21.7

8个杨树无性系/品种木材解剖特征及其径向变异模式

Anatomical characteristics and radial variations in eight poplar clones/cultivars

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