长叶苦竹新造林的生长发育规律研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112003

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 123-129.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112003

长叶苦竹新造林的生长发育规律研究

姚文静¹^,²(), 刘国华¹^,²^,^*(), 吴艳萍², 赵福泽³, 王福升¹^,², 丁雨龙¹^,²

1.南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037
2.南京林业大学竹类研究所, 江苏南京 210037
3.贵州省桐梓县林业局,贵州桐梓 563299

收稿日期:2021-12-02 修回日期:2022-03-23 出版日期:2023-03-30 发布日期:2023-03-28
通讯作者: * 刘国华(ghliu@njfu.edu.cn),研究员。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32001292)

Growth rules for a new stand of Pleioblastus chino var. hisauchii

YAO Wenjing¹^,²(), LIU Guohua¹^,²^,^*(), WU Yanping², ZHAO Fuze³, WANG Fusheng¹^,², DING Yulong¹^,²

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
3. Tongzi County Forestry Bureau of Guizhou Province, Tongzi 563299, China

Received:2021-12-02 Revised:2022-03-23 Online:2023-03-30 Published:2023-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为揭示长叶苦竹(Pleioblastus chino var. hisauchii)新造林的生长发育规律,探究不同年龄竹株的秆形特征及不同龄级竹地下茎的鞭根生长情况,为长叶苦竹及其他混生型竹的栽培养护和经营管理提供参考。【方法】调查了南京林业大学溧水白马实验基地长叶苦竹新造林5年时的年龄结构和空间分布,标记整片竹林每株竹子的位置和年龄信息,随机选取3株1~5年生健康无病虫害竹株,测定其地径、株高、枝下高、每节节长和对应的节径等指标。追踪1~5年生竹鞭系,统计鞭段数、鞭节数、岔鞭数、芽数,测量鞭长、鞭径、鞭节长等指标。【结果】随着长叶苦竹新造林的更新,前4年新龄竹株数呈递增趋势。地径、株高和枝下高随竹龄的增长均呈递减趋势,且不同年龄竹株的地径和株高、枝下高和株高均存在线性正相关关系。竹秆每节节径由基部到梢部呈递减趋势,且每节节长和对应的节径存在线性正相关关系。新龄竹每节节径、每节节长、平均节径和平均节长均大于老龄竹。鞭径、总鞭长、鞭段数和芽数随竹龄的增长呈递减趋势。鞭长、鞭节长、岔鞭数和笋芽数随竹龄的增长呈先增后减的趋势,在造林第4年时达到最高。【结论】长叶苦竹新造林的年龄结构呈上升趋势,在造林4年后达到相对稳定状态。造林前4年新龄株数大于老龄株数,新龄竹以母竹为中心向四周扩散。竹株地上部分和地下部分的生长势大体上随年龄增长呈下降趋势,2年生竹株的生长活力最强。

关键词: 长叶苦竹, 新造林, 年龄结构, 秆形建成, 鞭根系统

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study revealed the growth rule of a new stand of Pleioblastus chino var. hisauchii, and explored the culm characteristics and rhizome growth of bamboo plants at different ages, providing a theoretical basis for cultivation and management of P. chino var. hisauchii and other bamboo species with mixed rhizome. 【Method】 We investigated the age structure and spatial distribution of 5-year-old P. chino var. hisauchii forest in the Baima experimental base of Nanjing Forestry University in Lishui District, Nanjing City. We first marked the location and age information of each bamboo plant in the forest, and randomly selected three healthy and disease-free bamboo plants at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 year-old. Then we measured their ground diameter, plant height, under-branch height, node length and corresponding node diameter. In addition, we traced the rhizome systems at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 year-old. Next, we counted the number of rhizome segments, rhizome nodes, rhizome branches buds, determined the rhizome length, rhizome diameter, rhizome node length and other indicators.【Result】 With the regeneration of new plantation forest, the number of young plants increased gradually during the previous 4 years. The ground diameter, plant height and under-branch height decreased with age. There was a linear positive correlation between ground diameter and plant height and between the under-branch height and plant height. The node diameter showed a decreased trend from base to top. There was also a linear positive correlation between the node length and node diameter. The node diameter, node length, average node diameter, and average node length of young bamboo plants were larger than those of old plants. The rhizome diameter, total rhizome length, number of rhizome segments and buds decreased with age. However, the rhizome length, rhizome node length, number of rhizome branches and shoot buds increased at first and then decreased with age, peaking in the fourth year.【Conclusion】 The new plantation forest showed an upward trend in an age structure, which was stable in the fourth year. The number of young bamboo plants was larger than that of the old plants in the previous 4 years. The young bamboo plants spread around with mother bamboo at the center. In general, the growth vigor of the aboveground and underground parts of bamboo plants decreased with age, which was strongest at two years of age.

Key words: Pleioblastus chino var. hisauchii, new plantation, age structure, culm formation, rhizome system

中图分类号:

Q944
S718

姚文静,刘国华,吴艳萍,等. 长叶苦竹新造林的生长发育规律研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(2): 123-129.

YAO Wenjing, LIU Guohua, WU Yanping, ZHAO Fuze, WANG Fusheng, DING Yulong. Growth rules for a new stand of Pleioblastus chino var. hisauchii[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(2): 123-129.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112003.

图/表 9

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竹龄/a age	鞭段数/条 the number of rhizome segments	单鞭鞭长/cm the length of single rhizome	总鞭长/cm total length of all rhizomes	平均鞭长/cm average rhizome length	节数/个 the number of nodes	鞭节长/cm the length of rhizome node	鞭径/mm rhizome diameter	岔鞭数/条 the number of rhizome branches
1	63	12.0~293.0	6 907.7	107.93±72.62	1 361	5.59±1.61	12.15±8.67	55
2	16	90.0~742.0	4 448.0	278.00±202.31	769	6.58±1.72	11.94±1.94	95
3	3	95.5~234.0	503.5	167.83±69.46	79	6.53±1.77	10.25±2.40	17
4	1	115.1	115.1	115.10	12	6.03±1.70	8.67±0.23	3
5	1	76.3	76.3	76.30	25	4.90±0.89	5.98±1.29	2

长叶苦竹新造林的生长发育规律研究

Growth rules for a new stand of Pleioblastus chino var. hisauchii

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竹龄/a age	休眠芽 dormant bud	烂芽 mashed bud	空芽 empty bud	鞭芽 rhizome bud	笋芽 shoot bud
1	863	75	211	55	13
2	351	78	89	95	41
3	6	0	11	17	16
4	5	1	0	3	4
5	13	1	8	2	0