哈尔滨段松花江湿地景观格局演变及驱动因素分析

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301009

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 219-226.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301009

哈尔滨段松花江湿地景观格局演变及驱动因素分析

赵志强¹^,²^,³(), 许晓龙⁴, 袁青¹^,²^,^*(), 吴妍⁴^,^*()

1.哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150006
2.寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150006
3.哈尔滨市城乡规划设计研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150010
4.东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2023-01-05 修回日期:2023-06-19 出版日期:2024-03-30 发布日期:2024-04-08
通讯作者: *袁青(nityvanqing@hit.edu.cn),教授,负责选题和理论分析指导; 吴妍(wuyan@nefu.edu.cn),副教授,负责数据整理和分析指导。
作者简介:赵志强(abc551@126.com),正高级工程师,博士生。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52278056)

Landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of Songhua River wetland in Harbin

ZHAO Zhiqiang¹^,²^,³(), XU Xiaolong⁴, YUAN Qing¹^,²^,^*(), WU Yan⁴^,^*()

1. School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
2. Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150006, China
3. Harbin Institute of Urban and Rural Planning and Design, Harbin 150010, China
4. College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2023-01-05 Revised:2023-06-19 Online:2024-03-30 Published:2024-04-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】松花江湿地是哈尔滨最重要的生态系统屏障。定量研究20年来哈尔滨段松花江湿地生态系统景观格局演变规律及其主要影响因素,为哈尔滨松花江湿地规划提供参考。【方法】以松花江哈尔滨段流域及其周边生态区域为研究对象,借助GIS,对2000、2005、2010、2015和2020年5期Landsat遥感影像进行处理;利用Fragstats分析研究区域景观格局指数,探究景观格局时空演变特征;最后对影响景观格局的因素进行主成分分析。【结果】 ①2000—2020年,水域(含湿地)面积不断上升、耕地面积不断下降是研究区景观格局最主要的变化特征。耕地是转入水域、草地、建设用地、林地、其他用地面积的主要贡献者,分别转出343.142 1、2.484 9、94.041 9、35.469 0、1.980 0 km²。其中水域、草地、林地、其他用地面积同比增长率均超过100%,面积扩张呈上升趋势。②从斑块类型角度来看,各斑块破碎化程度均不同程度提高,湿地景观类型结构趋于复杂化;从景观水平角度来看,整体上景观丰富度增加,但连通性较差,受外界干扰程度比较明显。③城市经济发展、气候与产业结构是哈尔滨段松江湿地景观格局变化的最主要驱动因素。随着松北区的设立及旅游业的兴起,相关基础设施挤占了沿江部分水域(包括湿地)空间,湿地沼泽、耕地被分割成无数大小斑块,总体景观格局趋于破碎化,人为驱动因素逐渐成为主导因素。【结论】 2000—2020年,哈尔滨段松花江湿地景观类型结构趋于复杂化。随着人为因素的影响不断加大,水域斑块破碎化程度不断提高,耕地面积流失严重,耕地保护与生态保护矛盾仍十分突出。

关键词: 松花江湿地, 景观格局, 驱动因素, 主成分分析(PCA), 哈尔滨市

Abstract:

【Objective】 The Songhua River wetland is the most important ecosystem barrier in Harbin. This paper quantitatively studied the evolution and main influencing factors of the landscape pattern of the Songhua River wetland ecosystem in Harbin over the past 20 years, and we aim to provide a reference for wetland planning. 【Method】 Choosing the Harbin basin and its surrounding ecological area as the research object, Landsat remote sensing images from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 were processed with the help of the GIS platform. The Fragstats software was used to analyze the regional landscape pattern index and explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the landscape pattern. Finally, SPSS was used for the statistical analysis of the factors affecting landscape pattern. 【Result】 (1) From 2000 to 2020, the water area (including wetland) continuously increased, while the cultivated-land area continuously decreased, which was the primary change feature of landscape pattern in the study area. The decreasing cultivated land was the main contributing factor of increasing water area, grassland, construction land, forest land and other land areas at 343.142 1, 2.484 9, 94.041 9, 35.469 0 and 1.980 0 km², respectively; among them, the growth rate of water area, grassland, forest area and other land area exceeded 100%, and the area expansion showed an upward trend. (2) From the perspective of plaque types, the degree of fragmentation of each plaque increased to varying degrees during the 20 years, and the wetland landscape type structure tended to be complicated. From the landscape-level perspective, the overall landscape richness has increased, but the connectivity was poor, and the degree of external interference was relatively significant. (3) Urban economic development, climate and industrial structure were the main driving factors to stimulate the change of landscape pattern of the Songhua River wetland in Harbin. With the establishment of the Songbei District and the rise of tourism, relevant infrastructure has crowded the space of some water areas (including wetlands) along the river; wetland marshes and cultivated land have been divided into numerous patches, the overall landscape pattern tends to be fragmented, and human drivers have gradually become the dominant factors. 【Conclusion】 The landscape type of the Songhua River wetland in Harbin is a complicated structure. As human influence factors become more profound, the fragmentation degree of water patches increases, there is a serious loss of cultivated-land area, and the contradiction between cultivated-land protection and ecological protection remains prominent.

Key words: Songhua River wetland, landscape pattern, driving factor, principal component analysis(PCA), Harbin City

中图分类号:

S759
X171.1

赵志强,许晓龙,袁青,等. 哈尔滨段松花江湿地景观格局演变及驱动因素分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(2): 219-226.

ZHAO Zhiqiang, XU Xiaolong, YUAN Qing, WU Yan. Landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of Songhua River wetland in Harbin[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(2): 219-226.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301009.

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景观类型 landscape type	面积area					年变化量 annual variation
景观类型 landscape type	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2020年	年变化量 annual variation
耕地cultivated land	3 072.186 0	3 038.030 0	2 772.961 2	2 719.907 1	2 674.461 6	-19.886 2
林地forest land	26.055 9	31.134 6	35.168 4	45.280 8	58.866 3	1.640 5
草地grassland	1.085 4	0.237 6	0.199 8	0.984 6	2.507 4	1.422 0
建设用地built-up land	218.660 4	253.680 0	270.476 1	302.489 1	315.793 8	4.856 7
水域water area	256.184 1	250.602 0	495.254 7	503.354 7	520.074 9	13.194 5
其他用地other land	0.118 8	0.602 1	0.230 4	2.274 3	2.586 6	0.123 4

土地类型 landscape type		2020年
土地类型 landscape type		草地 grassland	耕地 cultivated land	建设用地 built-up land	林地 forest land	其他用地 other land	水域 water area	总计 total
	草地grassland	0.001 8	0.502 2	0.001 8	0.306 0		0.273 6	1.085 4
	耕地forest land	2.484 9	2 595.068 1	94.041 9	35.469 0	1.980 0	343.142 1	3 072.186 0
	建设用地built-up land			218.660 4				218.660 4
2000年	林地forest land	0.010 8	2.241 9	0.121 5	22.050 0		1.631 7	26.055 9
	其他用地other land		0.017 1				0.101 7	0.118 8
	水域water area	0.009 9	76.632 3	2.968 2	1.041 3	0.606 6	174.925 8	256.184 1
	总计total	2.507 4	2 674.461 6	315.793 8	58.866 3	2.586 6	520.074 9	3 574.290 6

主成分 composition	初始特征值initial eigenvalue			提取载荷平方和the sum of the extracted load squares
主成分 composition	总计 total	方差百分比/% percentage of variance	累积百分比/% cumulative percentage	总计 total	方差百分比/% percentage of variance	累积百分比/% cumulative percentage
PC1	4.554	56.930	56.930	4.554	56.930	56.930
PC2	1.562	19.526	76.456	1.562	19.526	76.456
PC3	1.013	12.667	89.123	1.013	12.667	89.123

因素 factor	主成分components
因素 factor	PC1	PC2	PC3
M₁	0.933	0.110	0.333
M₄	-0.927	-0.285	0.182
M₆	0.918	0.133	-0.192
M₅	0.832	-0.098	0.408
M₈	0.641	0.361	0.333
M₇	-0.347	0.857	0.041
M₂	-0.649	0.726	0.123
M₃	0.580	0.223	-0.733

哈尔滨段松花江湿地景观格局演变及驱动因素分析

Landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of Songhua River wetland in Harbin

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审稿

[1]	李思荣, 苏同向. 基于保护政策影响的抚仙湖流域景观格局变化及生态系统服务价值响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(3): 145-154.
[2]	张晓瑞, 何雨, 董洁云. 基于村庄发展潜力评价的景观格局研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(3): 155-164.
[3]	曾哲礼, 佘济云, 唐子朝, 罗楚滢. 基于全球地表水数据的长沙市湿地景观动态变化研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(2): 9-18.
[4]	李长爱, 刘玲, 邱冰, 聂存明, 宁丽丽, 李亚亮, 王慧, 刘星宇, 杨素慧. 安徽省土地利用/覆被时空变化及其驱动因素分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(5): 213-223.
[5]	黄靖舒, 高心丹, 景维鹏. 基于BOVW和SVM的城市土地类型遥感变化监测研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(3): 37-44.
[6]	钱春花, 赵邑晨, 李明阳, 李陶. 基于连清数据的广州市1979—2012年森林生态功能的变化[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(2): 205-212.
[7]	许浩, 金婷, 刘伟. 苏锡常都市圈蓝绿空间规模与格局演变特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(1): 219-226.
[8]	马颖忆, 刘志峰. 江苏省景观生态风险评估及其与城镇化的动态响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(5): 185-194.
[9]	王爱斌, 宋慧芳, 张流洋, 张明, 杨诗雯, 张凌云. 生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓苗生长及土壤养分的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(6): 63-70.
[10]	周雯, 曹福亮, 张瑞, 汪贵斌. 绿地格局对城市地表热环境调节作用的多尺度分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(3): 133-141.
[11]	鲁宏旺, 胡文敏, 佘济云, 曾文, 宋亚斌. 生态退杨对洞庭湖湿地景观格局变化影响研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(3): 171-178.
[12]	贾艳艳, 唐晓岚, 唐芳林, 杨阳. 1995—2015年长江中下游流域景观格局时空演变[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(3): 185-194.
[13]	刘智丽, 岳德鹏, 杨慧, 张启斌, 于强, 徐小东. 基于城市化进程的宜兴市景观演变与预测[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(6): 105-112.
[14]	徐海顺,杜红玉,蔡超琳. 基于生态修复视角的上海市黄浦江河岸带景观格局空间特征分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(04): 125-131.
[15]	胡鸿,许延丽,鞠洪波,孙志超. 基于遥感影像的福建省长汀县级植被覆盖变化监测及分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(03): 92-98.