不同倍性蓝莓杂交组合的结实特性及果实感官品质研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202404027

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 41-51.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202404027

• 专题报道Ⅱ：乡村全面振兴视域下蓝莓优新品种培育研究 • 上一篇下一篇

不同倍性蓝莓杂交组合的结实特性及果实感官品质研究

李学铃¹^,²(), 刘英², 吴文龙², 闾连飞², 张春红²^,^*(), 李维林¹^,^*(), 曹福亮¹

1.南京林业大学林草学院,林木遗传育种全国重点实验室,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037
2.江苏省中国科学院植物研究所(南京中山植物园),江苏省植物资源保护与利用重点实验室,江苏南京 210014

收稿日期:2024-04-23 接受日期:2024-05-28 出版日期:2025-05-30 发布日期:2025-05-27
通讯作者: *张春红(chzhang@cnbg.net),副研究员,负责试验实施指导与论文修改;
李维林(wlli@njfu.edu.cn),教授,负责实验材料提供与实验方案设计指导。
作者简介:
李学铃(xuelingli73@163.com)。
基金资助:
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX[22]2014);江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]021)

Characteristics of fruit set and fruit sensory quality of blueberry hybrids with different ploidy level

LI Xueling¹^,²(), LIU Ying², WU Wenlong², LYU Lianfei², ZHANG Chunhong²^,^*(), LI Weilin¹^,^*(), CAO Fuliang¹

1. College of Forestry and Grassland, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for conservation and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China

Received:2024-04-23 Accepted:2024-05-28 Online:2025-05-30 Published:2025-05-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】以3种栽培类型的蓝莓品种‘奥尼尔’(Vaccinium corymbosum ‘O’Neal’)、‘红粉佳人’(V. ashei ‘Pink lemonade’)及‘博尼塔’(V. ashei ‘Bonita’)为父本,与3种倍性的蓝莓配置杂交组合,比较授粉后24个杂交组合坐果率及果实感官品质性状差异,为蓝莓杂交育种的亲本选择和栽培实践中授粉树选配提供参考。【方法】以各杂交组合果实为试材、母本品种自然授粉为对照(CK),测定果实外观指标、主要糖类、抗氧化物质、挥发性物质含量等果实感官品质指标。【结果】3个父本与兔眼品种‘沃农’(‘Vernon’)‘布莱特蓝’(‘Briteblue’)杂交亲和性较低,用‘奥尼尔’和‘博尼塔’对高丛蓝莓品种授粉后均有较高的坐果率,用‘奥尼尔’花粉授粉后的‘天后’(‘Primadonna’)果实单果质量降低而硬度显著提高,用‘博尼塔’花粉授粉‘天后’的果实果形指数明显提高。观察杂交种子发现,‘红粉佳人’与南高丛品种杂交坐果率较高且果实无籽,3个父本与兔眼品种‘顶峰’(‘Climax’)杂交果实也均无籽。与自然授粉亲本相比,用‘奥尼尔’和‘博尼塔’授粉显著提高高丛品种果实的糖类物质含量,尤以‘博尼塔’授粉‘温莎’(‘Windsor’)和‘天后’果实固酸比极高。芳香物质检测分析发现,各杂交组合中共检测出59种挥发性物质,主要共有物质为芳樟醇、石竹素和反-2-己烯醛。‘夏普蓝’(‘Sharpblue’)经‘博尼塔’和‘奥尼尔’授粉后果实中芳樟醇含量均显著提高,而‘天后’仅经‘奥尼尔’授粉后芳樟醇含量显著提高,且用‘奥尼尔’授粉的‘天后’和‘夏普蓝’果实反-2-己烯醛含量显著高于自然授粉果实。兔眼品种‘顶峰’经‘红粉佳人’授粉后挥发性物质种类增加明显且以烯类物质较多。总酚和花色苷含量在不同倍性授粉组合中变化趋势相似,以‘奥尼尔’为父本的‘顶峰’果实总酚和VC含量最高,自然授粉的‘天后’和‘顶峰’果实花色苷含量较高。【结论】不同倍性蓝莓杂交具一定亲和性,兔眼衍生品种‘红粉佳人’与南高丛品种杂交可获得无籽果实,兔眼品种‘博尼塔’与高丛品种杂交果实固酸比提高作用显著,南高丛‘奥尼尔’与兔眼‘顶峰’杂交不仅产生无籽果实且促进了抗氧化物质积累。

关键词: 蓝莓, 倍性, 杂交育种, 感观品质, 风味物质

Abstract:

【Objective】In this study, 24 hybrids were made using blueberries of three distinct cultivation cultivar including Vaccinium corymbosum ‘O’Neal’, V. ashei ‘Pink Lemonade’ and V. ashei ‘Bonita’ as the male parent and three ploidy types of blueberries as the female parent. We aimed to investigate the differences in fruit setting and fruit sensory quality after pollinating these crosses. The results may provide some clues for proportion of pollination trees for cultivation and selection of breeding parents in hybrid breeding of blueberry. 【Method】Using the fruits from open pollination of the female parents as the control (CK), sensory quality indices of hybrid fruits from different crosses including fruit appearance parameters, contents of carbohydrates, antioxidant substances, and volatile compounds were evaluated.【Result】Hybridization compatibility between the three male parents and the rabbiteye blueberry cultivars ‘Vernon’ and ‘Briteblue’ was relatively low. Higher fruit set rate was solely found in the hybrid crosses with highbush types using ‘O’Neal’ and ‘Bonita’ as the male parents. After crossing with ‘O’Neal’, the single fruit mass of ‘Primadonna’ was decreased with a significant increase in fruit firmness. In addition, the fruit shape index of ‘Primadonna’ fruits pollinated by ‘Bonita’ increased significantly. Seed observatioin indicated that the hybrid crosses between blueberry ‘Pink Lemonade’ and three southern highbush cultivars all showed the relatively high fruit set rate, and hybrid seeds were not found in the hybrid fruits in the other crosses. Notably, the hybrid crosses between three male parents ‘O’Neal’, ‘Pink Lemonade’ and ‘Bonita’, and the rabbiteye type cultivar ‘Climax’ all revealed no seeds in the fruits. In comparison with each naturally open-pollinated female parent, the contents of sugar substances in the hybrid fruits of highbush types cultivars were significantly increased after the pollination of ‘O’Neal’ and ‘Bonita’. Especially, the solidity-acid ratios of the hybrid fruits of ‘Winsor’ and ‘Primadonna’ were extremely high after the pollination of ‘Bonita’. Further detection of aromatic substances demonstrated that there was a total of 59 volatile compounds in the fruits of all hybrid combinations. Although the types and contents of the volatile substances varied among the combinations, three main common substances, including linalool, caryophyllene oxide, and trans-2-hexenal were detected across almost all hybrid combinations. The content of linalool in the hybrid fruits of ‘Sharpblue’ was both significantly increased after pollination of ‘Bonita’ and ‘O’Neal’, while that of ‘Primadonna’ was significantly increased only after pollination by ‘O’Neal’. Espcecially, the content of trans-2-hexenal in the hybrid fruits of ‘Primadonna’ and ‘Sharpblue’ pollinated by ‘O’Neal’ was significantly higher than those of the naturally open-pollinated fruits. The volatile substances of the rabbiteye blueberry cultivar ‘Climax’ increased significantly after pollination by ‘Pink Lemonade’, and the substances of alkene type covered a relatively higher proportion. The content of total phenols and anthocyanins showed a similar trend in pollination combinations of different ploidy, with the highest content of total phenols and VC in the hybrid fruits of ‘Climax’ pollinated by ‘O’Neal’, and the content of anthocyanins in the fruit of ‘Primadonna’ and ‘Climax’ was relatively higher under natural open-pollination. 【Conclusion】Blueberries of different ploidy levels have a certain cross-compatibility for inter-ploidy hybridization, and the seedless fruit can be obtained in the crosses of the rabbiteye derived cultivar ‘Pink Lemonade’ and three southern highbush varieties. The solidity-acid ratios of hybrid fruits of most of the highbush cultivars were significantly increased after crossing with the rabbiteye cultivar ‘Bonita’. Especially, after crossing with the male parent ‘O’Neal’, the hybrid fruits of rabbiteye cultivar ‘Climax’ bore no seeds with the increase in the accumulation of antioxidant substances.

Key words: blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), ploidy, hybrid breeding, sensory quality, flavor substances

中图分类号:

S663.9
S718

李学铃,刘英,吴文龙,等. 不同倍性蓝莓杂交组合的结实特性及果实感官品质研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 49(3): 41-51.

LI Xueling, LIU Ying, WU Wenlong, LYU Lianfei, ZHANG Chunhong, LI Weilin, CAO Fuliang. Characteristics of fruit set and fruit sensory quality of blueberry hybrids with different ploidy level[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 49(3): 41-51.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202404027.

图/表 6

图1

图2

图3

表1

各杂交组合蓝莓果实的形态性状"

母本 male parent								种子有无 have seeds or not
‘天后’ ‘Primadonna’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	10.32±0.27 b	12.55±0.39 a	0.83±0.02 b	1.35±0.11 bc	1.72±0.01 b	4.42±0.31 a	有
	‘红粉佳人’ ‘Pink Lemonade’	9.11±0.29 c	10.95±0.41 b	0.84±0.01 b	1.10±0.09 c	1.63±0.01 b	4.25±0.31 a	无
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	11.92±0.51 a	12.66±0.21 a	0.94±0.04 a	1.58±0.07 b	1.91±0.01 b	3.38±0.08 b	有
	对照CK	11.16±0.47 ab	13.28±0.35 a	0.84±0.02 b	1.92±0.11 a	2.72±0.02 a	3.33±0.09 b	有
‘温莎’ ‘Windsor’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	11.01±0.32 a	13.13±0.46 a	0.84±0.02 a	1.62±0.11 a	2.02±0.01 b	3.64±0.03 a	有
	‘红粉佳人’ ‘Pink Lemonade’	9.94±0.63 a	11.92±0.68 a	0.84±0.03 a	1.31±0.17 a	1.64±0.00 c	3.92±0.02 a	无
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	10.22±0.29 a	12.41±0.37 a	0.83±0.02 a	1.43±0.10 a	1.93±0.01 b	3.79±0.03 a	有
	对照CK	10.84±0.26 a	13.33±0.33 a	0.81±0.01 a	1.68±0.09 a	2.27±0.01 a	3.43±0.24 a	有
‘夏普蓝’ ‘Sharpblue’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	9.78±0.26 b	11.89±0.30 a	0.82±0.02 a	1.39±0.09 b	1.88±0.01 a	2.90±0.22 a	有
	‘红粉佳人’ ‘Pink Lemonade’	8.87±0.34 b	10.54±0.35 b	0.84±0.02 a	1.04±0.10 c	1.43±0.01 b	3.18±0.03 a	无
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	8.84±0.20 b	10.16±0.18 b	0.87±0.02 a	0.91±0.05 c	1.53±0.01 b	3.59±0.21 a	有
	对照CK	10.79±0.47 a	12.66±0.54 a	0.85±0.01 a	1.73±0.17 a	2.02±0.01 a	3.36±0.19 a	有
‘莱克西’ ‘Legacy’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	11.72±0.39 a	15.61±0.67 a	0.75±0.01 b	2.33±0.21 a	1.94±0.01 b	3.77±0.04 a	有
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	10.25±0.34 b	12.53±0.49 b	0.82±0.01 a	1.69±0.11 b	1.87±0.01 b	3.40±0.17 a	有
	对照CK	12.23±0.34 a	15.59±0.54 a	0.79±0.01 ab	2.39±0.17 a	2.67±0.02 a	3.40±0.20 a	有
‘瑞卡’ ‘Reka’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	9.50±0.27 a	11.23±0.44 a	0.85±0.01 a	1.19±0.12 a	1.74±0.01 a	3.54±0.34 a	有
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	8.37±0.79 b	9.76±0.61 a	0.85±0.04 a	0.87±0.15 a	1.72±0.02 a	3.37±0.05 a	有
	对照CK	8.55±0.18 ab	10.50±0.20 a	0.81±0.02 a	1.00±0.04 a	1.76±0.01 a	4.45±0.22 a	有
‘顶峰’ ‘Climax’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	8.90±0.47 bc	12.53±0.58 c	0.71±0.01 a	1.34±0.14 b	2.15±0.01 b	4.81±0.13 a	无
	‘红粉佳人’ ‘Pink Lemonade’	10.10±0.26 b	14.20±0.60 b	0.71±0.01 a	1.60±0.12 b	1.87±0.01 b	4.09±0.08 a	无
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	7.55±0.37 c	10.71±0.36 d	0.70±0.02 a	0.94±0.10 c	2.04±0.01 b	5.04±0.32 a	无
	对照CK	12.51±0.68 a	18.23±0.31 a	0.69±0.03 a	2.84±0.07 a	2.44±0.01 a	4.16±0.58 a	有

表1

表2

各杂交组合蓝莓果实的糖、酸含量"

母本 male parent					固酸比 solidity- acid ratio	果糖质量分数/ (mg·g^-1) fructose content		蔗糖质量分数/ (mg·g^-1) sucrose content	葡萄糖质量分数/ (mg·g^-1) glucose content
‘天后’ Primadonna	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	14.70±0.60 a	0.27±0.01 a		54.09±0.65 b	71.20±1.25 a	67.91±1.95 a	57.50±2.18 a
	‘红粉佳人’ ‘Pink Lemonade’	13.95±1.65 a	0.28±0.00 a		49.99±5.17 b	60.65±0.92 b	66.10±0.59 a	28.78±1.10 c
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	16.05±0.05 a	0.20±0.00 b		79.62±0.80 a	57.66±0.15 c	53.55±0.16 b	40.01±1.72 b
	对照CK	14.85±1.95 a	0.29±0.01 a		50.56±4.49 b	62.20±1.14 b	65.14±1.27 a	37.22±0.98 b
‘温莎’ ‘Windsor’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	15.15±0.25 a	0.42±0.00 a	36.20±0.96 b			61.32±0.58 ab	63.80±0.72 b	40.33±0.51 ab
	‘红粉佳人’ ‘Pink Lemonade’	11.35±0.65 c	0.33±0.01 b	34.17±3.10 b			58.71±1.09 b	61.55±1.81 b	39.94±2.38 b
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	13.20±0.20 b	0.16±0.00 c	84.19±0.23 a			67.40±1.02 a	67.72±0.71 a	50.63±4.59 a
	对照CK	12.60±0.10 ab	0.39±0.01 a	32.76±0.93 b			68.05±4.29 a	64.72±0.64 ab	42.99±3.80 ab
‘夏普蓝’ ‘Sharpblue’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	14.80±0.30 a	0.74±0.01 a	20.14±0.60 a			61.39±1.06 b	64.09±0.23 b	42.39±2.93 ab
	‘红粉佳人’ ‘Pink Lemonade’	13.05±0.15 a	0.31±0.15 b	54.66±25.47 a			70.73±1.07 a	69.04±0.23 a	51.24±1.43 a
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	16.70±0.20 a	0.83±0.05 a	20.29±1.58 a			60.22±0.85 b	63.46±1.41 b	37.67±3.59 b
	对照CK	14.35±2.05 a	0.37±0.01 b	38.95±4.76 a			49.89±0.24 c	52.91±1.28 c	34.84±3.47 b
‘莱克西’ ‘Legacy’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	12.05±0.25 b	1.00±0.0 a	12.04±0.30 b			61.72±0.77 b	67.57±0.33 b	46.06±1.66 a
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	11.25±0.15 b	0.65±0.02 b	17.29±0.33 a			78.87±0.00 a	71.98±0.22 a	44.19±1.13 a
	对照CK	14.00±0.20 a	0.88±0.02 a	15.96±0.53 b			57.25±0.46 c	62.27±1.42 c	39.18±2.63 a
‘瑞卡’ ‘Reka’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	10.45±0.15 ab	0.39±0.00 b	26.66±0.19 a			54.31±0.58 a	62.55±0.34 a	34.22±2.08 a
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	8.95±0.45 b	0.32±0.03 b	28.03±3.64 a			54.03±0.36 a	51.93±0.64 c	28.78±1.10 b
	对照CK	12.15±0.85 a	0.81±0.01 a	15.09±0.92 b			48.82±0.87 b	56.65±0.18 b	32.77±1.14 ab
‘顶峰’ ‘Climax’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	12.65±0.15 b	0.51±0.01 b	24.73±0.28 a			48.12±0.10 c	57.45±1.70 c	36.02±1.02 ab
	‘红粉佳人’ ‘Pink Lemonade’	12.95±0.15 ab	0.64±0.02 a	20.23±0.32 b			56.49±1.01 b	63.09±0.77 b	33.05±2.02 b
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	9.95±0.55 c	0.59±0.00 a	16.83±1.03 c			63.77±1.40 a	64.10±0.15 b	41.90±1.59 a
	对照CK	14.10±0.20 a	0.61±0.01 a	23.09±0.78 a			59.97±1.69 b	67.95±0.06 a	42.94±3.98 a

表2

表3

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母本 male parent	父本 female parent	总酚质量分数 total phenol content	花色苷质量分数 anthocyanin content	维生素C质量分数 VC content
‘天后’‘Primadonna’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	2.81±0.03 a	1.44±0.03 b	1.20±0.10 b
	‘红粉佳人’‘Pink Lemonade’	2.80±0.04 a	1.43±0.01 b	1.02±0.03 b
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	2.60±0.03 b	1.20±0.04 c	1.11±0.04 b
	对照CK	2.85±0.05 a	1.65±0.07 a	1.45±0.04 a
‘温莎’‘Windsor’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	3.48±0.06 a	1.58±0.04 a	1.06±0.06 c
	‘红粉佳人’‘Pink Lemonade’	2.93±0.34 ab	1.41±0.00 b	1.01±0.03 c
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	3.26±0.08 ab	1.42±0.05 b	1.51±0.05 a
	对照CK	2.69±0.01 b	1.02±0.02 c	1.25±0.03 b
‘夏普蓝’‘Sharpblue’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	2.47±0.19 a	0.89±0.05 c	0.79±0.01 c
	‘红粉佳人’‘Pink Lemonade’	2.87±0.09 a	1.13±0.04 b	1.19±0.09 a
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	2.87±0.03 a	1.36±0.01 a	0.77±0.03 c
	对照CK	2.15±0.11 b	0.83±0.02 c	1.00±0.06 b
	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	2.23±0.04 c	0.78±0.02 c	0.88±0.06 b
‘莱克西’‘Legacy’	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	3.43±0.02 a	1.43±0.06 a	1.24±0.11 a
	对照CK	2.60±0.03 b	1.23±0.02 b	0.67±0.02 c
	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	2.36±0.09 a	1.23±0.16 a	0.92±0.02 a
‘瑞卡’‘Reka’	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	2.49±0.09 a	1.16±0.01 a	0.75±0.04 b
	对照CK	2.20±0.06 a	1.06±0.03 a	0.65±0.05 b
‘顶峰’‘Climax’	‘奥尼尔’‘O'Neal’	3.67±0.11 a	1.31±0.06 ab	1.73±0.19 a
	‘红粉佳人’‘Pink Lemonade’	3.51±0.40 a	1.60±0.18 a	1.35±0.03 b
	‘博尼塔’‘Bonita’	2.35±0.13 b	1.03±0.01 b	1.50±0.03 ab
	对照CK	3.19±0.25 a	1.63±0.13 a	1.03±0.02 c

不同倍性蓝莓杂交组合的结实特性及果实感官品质研究

Characteristics of fruit set and fruit sensory quality of blueberry hybrids with different ploidy level

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