Abstract: To explore the quantitative characteristics of natural regeneration population of Jatropha curcas Linn.in dry hot valley of Yuanmou in Yunnan, a time-specific life table was constructed, then the survivorship curve and the mortality rate curve of the population were analysed, and survival analysis and spectral analysis were subsequently conducted, which was based on the data from field research and was carried out by means of space-for-time substitution. The results indicated that there were abundant young individuals in the population, while few middle age and old ones. The natural regeneration of the population was good. The large number of seedlings was one of the adaptive strategies for the species to survive and form the population with certain size in the environment. The shape of the survivorship curve was tend to be like that of Deevey type Ⅲ curve. The mortality was high both at the first diameter class and at the ninth, which were in the juvenile stage and in the transitional stage from the middle to the old respectively. Survival analysis revealed that the hazard rate of the population resembled the mortality in trend, and the survival, accumulated mortality rate and mortality density indicated that the survival condition of the population generally changed considerably in the earlier stage, and relatively slight in the later stage. The spectral analysis showed that the effect of the period was weak with the short of the period. Human disturbance such as excessive harvest of seeds or seedlings in this type of population should be reduced or be forbidden, and adequate protection is supposed to be provided for the populations and their habitat, which is an important approach to the maintenance and promotion of the population’ s natural regeneration, and to the conservation and sustainable use of the germplasm resource in this area.