Abstract: In recent years, brown culm streak of Phyllostachys praecox occurred in the bamboo plantation commonly. We studied the disease regularity to control the development of the disease and reduce the loss of bamboo industry. The results showed that the optimum temperature of disease occurrence was 20 ℃ to 25 ℃. The temperature which was below 5 ℃ or above 30 ℃ was not conducive to the occurrence of the disease and the peak of the disease appeared between May to July. The spores of Arthrinium arundinis could overwinter in rice hulls, spread by airflow or rain and infect through the wounds. The infection index of brown culm streak in chaff and dense forest were higher. The Phyllostachys praecox in the forest edge or the older bamboo(such as 3 or 4 year-old bamboo)were infected easily.