[1] Reich P B, Luo Y, Bradford J B, et al. Temperature drives global patterns in forest biomass distribution in leaves, stems, and roots[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2014, 111(38): 13721-13726.
[2] Zhou X B, Zhang Y M, Niklas K J. Sensitivity of growth and biomass allocation patterns to increasing nitrogen: a comparison between ephemerals and annuals in the Gurbantunggut Desert, north-western China[J]. Ann Bot, 2014, 113(3): 501-511.
[3] Shipley B, Meziane D. The balanced-growth hypothesis and the allometry of leaf and root biomass allocation[J]. Funct Ecol, 2002, 16(3): 326-331.
[4] McCarthy M C, Enquist B J. Consistency between an allometric approach and optimal partitioning theory in global patterns of plant biomass allocation[J]. Funct Ecol, 2007, 21(4): 713-720.
[5] Kobe R K, Iyer M, Walters M B. Optimal partitioning theory revisited: Nonstructural carbohydrates dominate root mass responses to nitrogen[J]. Ecology, 2010, 91(1): 166-179.
[6] Poorter H, Niklas K J, Reich P B, et al. Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control[J]. New Phytol, 2012, 193(1): 30-50.
[7] Cairns M A, Brown S, Helmer E H, et al. Root biomass allocation in the world's upland forests[J]. Oecologia, 1997, 111(1): 1-11.
[8] Gower S T, Gholz H L, Nakane K, et al. Production and carbon allocation patterns of pine forests[J]. Ecological Bulletins, 1994(43): 115-135.
[9] Tateno R, Hishi T, Takeda H. Above-and belowground biomass and net primary production in a cool-temperate deciduous forest in relation to topographical changes in soil nitrogen[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2004, 193(3): 297-306.
[10] Poorter H, Nagel O. The role of biomass allocation in the growth response of plants to different levels of light, CO₂, nutrients and water: a quantitative review[J]. Funct Plant Biol, 2000, 27(12): 1191-1191.
[11] Litton C M, Ryan M G, Knight D H. Effects of tree density and stand age on carbon allocation patterns in postfire lodgepole pine[J]. Ecol Appl, 2004, 14(2): 460-475.
[12] Pearson J A, Fahey T J, Knight D H. Biomass and leaf area in contrasting lodgepole pine forests[J]. Can J For Res, 1984, 14(2): 259-265.
[13] Litton C M, Ryan M G, Tinker D B, et al. Belowground and aboveground biomass in young postfire lodgepole pine forests of contrasting tree density[J]. Can J For Res, 2003, 33(2): 351-363.
[14] Sloan V L, Fletcher B J, Press M C, et al. Leaf and fine root carbon stocks and turnover are coupled across Arctic ecosystems[J]. Global Change Biol, 2013, 19(12): 3668-3676.
[15] Wang R L, Cheng R M, Xiao W F, et al. Spatial heterogeneity of fine root biomass of Pinus massoniana forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China[J]. Forest Science and Practice, 2013, 15(1): 13-23.
[16] Brassard B W, Chen H Y H, Bergeron Y, et al. Coarse root biomass allometric equations for Abies balsamea, Picea mariana, Pinus banksiana, and Populus tremuloides in the boreal forest of Ontario, Canada[J]. Biomass Bioenergy, 2011, 35(10): 4189-4196.
[17] Levia D F. A generalized allometric equation to predict foliar dry weight on the basis of trunk diameter for eastern white pine(Pinus strobus L.)[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2008, 255(5): 1789-1792.
[18] Finer L, Ohashi M, Noguchi K, et al. Factors causing variation in fine root biomass in forest ecosystems[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2011, 261(2): 265-277.
[19] Xiang W H, Wu W, Tong J, et al. Differences in fine root traits between early and late-successional tree species in a Chinese subtropical forest[J]. Forestry, 2013, 86(3): 343-351.
[20] 刘琪璟. 嵌套式回归建立树木生物量模型[J]. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 331-337. Liu Q J. Nested regression for establishing tree biomass equations[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(2): 331-337.
[21] 马钦彦, 谢征鸣. 中国油松林储碳量基本估计[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 1996, 18(3): 31-34. Ma Q Y, Xie Z M. Estimation of carbon stored in Chinese pine forests[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 1996, 18(3): 31-34.
[22] Zhang B, Li W H, Xie G D, et al. Water conservation of forest ecosystem in Beijing and its value[J]. Ecol Econ, 2010, 69(7): 1416-1426.
[23] 王光华. 北京森林植被固碳能力研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2012. Wang G H. Carbon sequestration capability of forest vegetation in Beijing[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2012.
[24] 孟宪宇. 测树学[M].3版. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2006: 25-26.
[25] Niiyama K, Kajimoto T, Matsuura Y, et al. Estimation of root biomass based on excavation of individual root systems in a primary dipterocarp forest in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia[J]. J Trop Ecol, 2010, 26(3): 271-284.
[26] Schmid I. The influence of soil type and interspecific competition on the fine root system of Norway spruce and European beech[J]. Basic Appl Ecol, 2002, 3(4): 339-346.
[27] Mokany K, Raison R, Prokushkin A S. Critical analysis of root: shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes[J]. Global Change Biol, 2006, 12(1): 84-96.
[28] 白静, 田有亮, 韩照日格图, 等. 油松人工林地上生物量、叶面积指数与林分密度关系的研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2008, 22(3): 183-187. Bai J, Tian Y L, Han Z R G T, et al. The research on the relationship between the ground biomass, the leaf area index and the stand density in Pinus tabulaeformis artificial forest[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2008, 22(3): 183-187.
[29] 肖兴翠, 李志辉, 唐作钧, 等. 林分密度对湿地松生物量及生产力的影响[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2011, 31(3): 123-129. Xiao X C, Li Z H, Tang Z J, et al. Effects of stand density on biomass and productivity of Pinus elliottii[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2011, 31(3): 123-129.
[30] Burkes E C, Will R E, Barron-Gafford G A, et al. Biomass partitioning and growth efficiency of intensively managed Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii stands of different planting densities[J]. For Sci, 2003, 47(2): 224-234.
[31] 王宁, 王百田, 王瑞君, 等. 晋西山杨和油松生物量分配格局及异速生长模型研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2013, 33(2): 151-155,159. Wang N, Wang B T, Wang R J, et al. Biomass allocation patterns and allometric models of Populus davidiana and Pinus tabuliformis Carr. in west of Shanxi Province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 33(2): 151-155,159.
[32] 梁建萍, 张变香, 杨慧斌, 等. 油松人工林林木生物量的研究[J]. 山西农业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2000, 20(4): 338-341. Liang J P, Zhang B X, Yang H B, et al. Research on the tree biomass of Pinus tabuliformis Carr.[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agriculture University, 2000, 20(4): 338-341.
[33] Li H, Li C Y, Zha T S, et al. Patterns of biomass allocation in an age-sequence of secondary Pinus bungeana forests in China[J]. The Forestry Chronicle, 2014, 90(2): 169-176.
[34] Niklas K J. Modelling below-and above-ground biomass for non-woody and woody plants[J]. Ann Bot, 2005, 95(2): 315-321.
[35] 马钦彦. 中国油松生物量的研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 1989,11(4): 1-10. Ma Q Y. A study on the biomass of Chinese pine forests[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 1989,11(4): 1-10.
[36]Wang X P, Fang J Y, Zhu B. Forest biomass and root-shoot allocation in northeast China[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2008, 255(12): 4007-4020.
[37] Helmisaari H S, Derome J, Nöjd P, et al. Fine root biomass in relation to site and stand characteristics in Norway spruce and Scots pine stands[J]. Tree Physiol, 2007, 27(10):1493-1504.
[38] Meinen C, Hertel D, Leuschner C. Biomass and morphology of fine roots in temperate broad-leaved forests differing in tree species diversity: is there evidence of below-ground overyielding?[J]. Oecologia, 2009, 161(1): 99-111.
[39] Ugawa S, Miura S, Iwamoto K, et al. Vertical patterns of fine root biomass, morphology and nitrogen concentration in a subalpine fiwave forest[J]. Plant Soil, 2010, 335(1): 469-478.
[40] Koteen L E, Raz-Yaseef N, Baldocchi D D. Spatial heterogeneity of fine root biomass and soil carbon in a California oak savanna illuminates plant functional strategy across periods of high and low resource supply[J]. Ecohydrology, 2015, 8(2), 294-308.
[41] Vanninen P, Mäkelä A. Fine root biomass of scots pine stands differing in age and soil fertility in southern Finland[J]. Tree Physiol, 1999, 19(12): 823-830.
[42] Xiao C W, Ceulemans R. Allometric relationships for below-and aboveground biomass of young scots pines[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2004, 203(1): 177-186.
[43] Bolte A, Rahmann T, Kuhr M, et al. Relationships between tree dimension and coarse root biomass in mixed stands of European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and Norway spruce(Picea abies[L.] Karst.)[J]. Plant Soil, 2004, 264(1-2): 1-11.
[44] Nelson B W, Mesquita R, Pereira J L G, et al. Allometric regressions for improved estimate of secondary forest biomass in the central Amazon[J]. For Ecol Manage, 1999, 117(1): 149-167.
[45] Wang C. Biomass allometric equations for 10 co-occurring tree species in Chinese temperate forests[J]. For Ecol Manage, 2006, 222(1): 9-16.
[46] Das D K, Chaturvedi O P. Root biomass and distribution of five agroforestry tree species[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 2008, 74(3): 223-230.