以上海地区6种典型园林绿化植物为研究对象,利用Li-6400XT便携式光合仪测定了它们四季的光合蒸腾等生理生态指标,并通过三维绿量和叶面积指数等形态指标分析了它们的固碳释氧和增温增湿效益。结果表明:全年中每个树种的固碳释氧和降温增湿能力都表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季; 6个树种年固碳释氧能力为香樟>广玉兰>柳杉>桂花>冬青>蚊母。夏季,日固碳释氧能力为冬青>香樟>蚊母>桂花>广玉兰>柳杉,降温增湿能力为香樟>冬青>桂花>广玉兰>蚊母>柳杉; 日降温增湿能力为冬青>蚊母>香樟>广玉兰>桂花>柳杉。因此:在上海城市绿化树种选择中,可优先选择香樟和广玉兰等固碳释氧及降温增湿能力较强的乔木树种,并适当搭配桂花、蚊母和冬青等灌木,一些景观价值较高但降温增湿效益不高的树种如柳杉应避免大面积种植; 同时考虑植被绿量和叶面积指数等形态指标,优化树种结构,以达到城市园林绿化的生态效益最大化。
Abstract
In order to provide scientific foundation for selection and configuration of urban greening tree species as well as mitigation of urban heat island effect, six main urban evergreen tree species in Shanghai were studied to analyze the effect of carbon sequestration & oxygen release and cooling & humidifying. The Li-6400XT photosynthetic apparatus was employed to illustrate physiological indicators of the six tree species including Cinnamonum campora, Magnolia grandiflora, Osmanthus fragrans, Distylium racemosum, Ilex chinenisis, Cryptomeria fortunei in Shanghai. The measured indicators included the diurnal variation of photosynthesis and transpiration, tridimensional green biomass(TGB), leaf area, leaf area index(LAI)and other morphological parameters. Through the growing season of a year, the capacity of carbon sequestration & oxygen release, cooling & humidifying of each tree was in same sequence from high to low, that is summer > autumn > spring > winter. Regarding the capacity of annual carbon seqestration and oxygen release, the sequence of the six tree species from high to low was C. campora, M. grandiflora, C. fortunei,O. fragrans, I. chinenisis, D. racemosum. And in summer the sequence of carbon seqestration and oxygen release capacity from high to low was I. chinenisis, C. campora, D. racemosum, O. fragrans, M. grandiflora, C. fortunei; the sequence of daily carbon seqestration and oxygen release capacity from high to low was I. chinenisis, C. campora, D. racemosum, O. fragrans, M. grandiflora, C. fortunei. Regarding the capacity of coolingand humidifying of the measured tree species in summer, the sequence from high to low was C. campora, I. chinenisis, O. fragrans, M. grandiflora, D. racemosum, C. fortunei. However, for daily cooling and humidifying capacity, the sequence from high to low was I. chinenisis, D. racemosum, C. campora, M. grandiflora, O. fragrans, C. fortunei. The results suggested that C. campora and M. grandiflora should be taken as the prioity selection for urban greening regarding the capacity of carbon sequestration & oxygen release and cooling & humidifying. The tree species with low capacity of cooling and high aesthetic value, such as C. fortunei, did not suggest to use in a large area. In addition, by combining the morphological factors such as three dimensional green volume, leaf area index, leaf area and optimizing the structure of urban greening trees, the ecological benefits and urban landscaping would be maximization.
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基金
收稿日期:2015-05-19 修回日期:2016-01-13
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31170663); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
第一作者:薛雪(461720107@qq.com)。*通信作者:庄家尧(nlzjiayao@njfu.edu.cn),副教授,博士。
引文格式:薛雪,张金池,孙永涛,等. 上海常绿树种固碳释氧和降温增湿效益研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(3):81-86.
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