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不同薄壳山核桃品种光合特性研究
Photosynthetic characteristics of grafted plants of different Carya illinoinensis varieties
探讨6个薄壳山核桃品种‘Forket’、‘Western’、‘Cape Fear’、‘Moore’、‘Sioux’、‘Apache’的光合特性差异，为薄壳山核桃优良品种的选育与推广应用提供依据。
利用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定仪等，测定6个品种的光合日变化、光响应曲线和相关荧光参数，并进行关联度及相关性分析。
除‘Moore’的光合日变化趋势为双峰型以外，其他5个品种均为单峰型，其光合午休的原因主要是非气孔因素的限制，‘Western’的净光合速率（Pn）峰值和日均值显著高于其他品种；灰色关联分析表明，影响6个品种Pn的主要生理因子是气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）, 首要环境因子皆为大气温度（Ta）。‘Western’ 的最大净光合速率（Pn,max) 和光饱和点（Lsp）显著高于其他品种，对强光适应性最优，‘Forket’次之；‘Forket’的光补偿点（Lcp）显著低于其他品种；‘Western’和‘Forket’两个品种的表观量子效率（AQY）和暗呼吸速率（Rd）均较优，对弱光适应性较强；荧光参数PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）和潜在光化学活性（Fv/F0）均以‘Western’为最高，‘Forket’次之，而‘Moore’显著低于其他品种；相关性分析表明，荧光参数与光响应特征参数存在较强相关性，Fv/Fm和Fv/F0均与Pn,max呈显著正相关，能较好地反映不同品种的光合效率特征。
不同品种薄壳山核桃的光合性能亦存在一定差异，‘Western’的光合性能最优，‘Forket’次之，其他4个品种表现一般，‘Western’和‘Forket’光适应范围广，光合效率高，推广应用潜力较大。
To provide scientific basis for the selection and popularization of Carya illinoinensis varieties, an experiment was conducted to investigate the photosynthetic characteristics of six C. illinoinensis varieties, including ‘Forket’, ‘Western’, ‘Cape Fear’, ‘Moore’, ‘Sioux’ and ‘Apache’.
The Li-6400 portable photosynthetic system and other equipment were used in the study. The photosynthetic physiological characteristics of the six varieties including diurnal variation of photosynthesis, light response curves, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were analyzed. The gas exchange and fluorescence parameters were analyzed together so that the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of the six varieties could be more comprehensively understood and identified. While analyzing the diurnal variation of photosynthesis, the reasons for midday depression in photosynthesis were investigated. The extent of the influence of physiological and ecological factors on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was explored by grey relational analysis. Through grey relational analysis, the main factors that affected the Pn could be clearly found and understood, based on which accurate and appropriate measures could be taken to change certain factors to improve the photosynthetic capacity of the varieties. Correlation analysis was also used to analyze the light response and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The light response parameters were able to reflect the photosynthetic capacity of plants under ideal conditions in some ways and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters could reflect the photosynthetic potential of plants, and hence, they were recognized as molecular probes for photosynthetic analysis. The results of the correlation analysis could be used to understand the correlation between the fluorescence and light response parameters and to explore the internal cause of high light efficiency of the varieties from the perspective of photosynthetic mechanism.
The diurnal variation of photosynthesis of ‘Moore’ was unimodal and the diurnal variation of the other five varieties was imodal. Limitation of non-stomatal factors was considered as the main reason for midday depression in photosynthesis in ‘Moore’. The peak values and average values of the Pn of ‘Western’ were significantly higher than those of the other five varieties. Through grey relational analysis, it was found that the diurnal variation of the Pn and grey relational analysis was different for different varieties. The varieties with poor diurnal variation in the Pn were more susceptible to physiological and ecological factors. The main physiological factors that affected the Pn of the six varieties were stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), and the environmental factor that affected the Pn of the six varieties was atmospheric temperature (Ta). The results of the analysis of light response parameters revealed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn, max) and light saturation point (Lsp) of ‘Western’ were significantly higher than those of the other varieties, which meant that its adaptability to strong light was the best, followed by ‘Forket’. The light compensation point (Lcp) of ‘Forket’ was significantly lower than that of the other varieties, followed by ‘Western’. The results of the analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters revealed that the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) and dark respiration rate (Rd) of ‘Western’ and ‘Forket’ were better than those of others, which meant that they were more adaptable to weak light. The PSⅡ maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and potential photochemical activity (Fv/F0) of ‘Western’ were the highest, followed by those of ‘Forket’. The Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 of ‘Moore’ were significantly lower than those of the other varieties. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the fluorescence parameters and characteristic parameters of the light response curve. The Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 were positively correlated with Pn,max, which reflected the photosynthetic efficiency of the varieties.
The photosynthetic characteristics of six different varieties of C. illinoinensis were quite different. According to the results of this study, the photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Western’ were recognized as the best of all with the characteristics of ‘Forket’ being slightly inferior to those of ‘Western’. The characteristics of the other four varieties were average compared to those of ‘Western’ and ‘Forket’. It was clear that ‘Western’ and ‘Forket’ have a wide range of light adaptations and high photosynthetic efficiency and thus have a great potential for popularization and utilization.
Carya illinoinensis / diurnal variations of photosynthesis / light response curves / chlorophyll fluorescence
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