<正>１９９８年长江洪水量级大，涉及范围广，持续时间长，造成了巨大的损失，引起了社会各界的关注。通过对长江中下游主要受灾地区实地考察，认为１９９８年长江洪灾的根源是由于森林植被遭破坏、水土流失加剧，生态环境恶化所致。笔者仅就长江中下游地区水土流失的现状、成因及其对生态环境的影响进行了探讨，并提出切实可行的水土流失防治对策，以期为长江中下游地区防护林工程的建设提供理论依据。

A great loss is caused by the inundation of Changjiang River watershed in 1998 because the flood has a great quantity and a long continued time and involves a wide range. It attracts a great attention of the people all over the world. It is well known that the irregular change of climate in 1998 and the reducing of lake regulation capacity are very important reasons to cause the inundation. Based on the field investigation to the flood area, the paper discusses the present situation, contributing factors and the ecological influence of the inundation deeply. It is considered that the root reason of this flood in Changjiang River watershed this year is due to the ecological environment deterioration. Forest resource destruction and the unsuitable engineering construction in mountain areas cause serious soil and water loss that proceed to intensify the disaster influence. Some important prevention and countermeasures on the soil erosion control are put forward in the paper that will support an importa