Abstract: Forest resources include the main chemical components of wood, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, terpenoids and phenolics. Biotechnology plays an important role in the conversion and utilization of forest resources, and the development of this industry could provide us with new products with potential benefits of considerable magnitude. Cellulase, hemicellulose enzymes and their application have been extensively examined in the 20st century. It could be expected that substantial expansion of this new technology, in scientific research and in large scale industrial application during the 21st century, would be realized with the development of gene engineering and related biotechnology.