南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 181-188.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202201014

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海省天保工程土壤保持效益评价研究

梁梓澳1(), 王祥福2,*(), 王维枫1,*(), 闫珂1, 李愿会2, 董文婷2, 王荣女2   

  1. 1.南京林业大学生态与环境学院,江苏 南京 210037
    2.国家林业和草原局西北调查规划院,旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业和草原局重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-10 修回日期:2023-03-30 出版日期:2023-09-30 发布日期:2023-10-10
  • 作者简介:梁梓澳(liangziao0422@163.com)。
  • 基金资助:
    国家林业与草原局西北调查规划院2021年科技创新项目(XBJ-KJCX-2021-16)

Evaluation of soil conservation benefit of the Natural Forest Protection Project in Qinghai Province

LIANG Zi’ao1(), WANG Xiangfu2,*(), WANG Weifeng1,*(), YAN Ke1, LI Yuanhui2, DONG Wenting2, WANG Rongnü2   

  1. 1. College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
    2. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Northwest Surveying and Planning Institute,National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xi’an 710048, China
  • Received:2022-01-10 Revised:2023-03-30 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

摘要:

【目的】 评估青海省天然林保护工程(天保工程)实施20年来土壤保持量及空间分布特征,了解该地区生态环境保护状态,为推动地方生态建设和经济发展提供理论参考。【方法】 基于通用土壤流失方程(USLE)模型,结合土地利用数据、地形数据、多年气候数据和土壤数据对青海省土壤保持量进行计算并在GIS平台上进行空间分析,探明在天保工程实施下土地利用类型、行政区、地形等因子影响下的土壤保持情况,并评估天保工程土壤保持效益。【结果】 ①2000—2020年,青海省主要土地利用类型以草地和裸地为主。由于天保工程的实施,土地利用变化主要表现在乔灌林地面积的扩张和裸地面积的减少,东部大面积灌木林地和草地转为乔木林地,草地和灌木林地是乔木林地面积增长的主要来源;②天保工程实施的20年间,土壤保持量增加了4.950×106 t,但在空间上分布不均,呈现东部和南部较高、西北部较低的态势;③不同土地利用类型的土壤保持能力各异,乔木林地单位面积土壤保持量最高,灌木林地土壤保持总量在20年间增加最多;④在不同行政区中,海东市、西宁市和黄南州土壤保持量20年间增加最多;④在海拔和坡度方面,20年间海拔梯度[1 667,2 600) m和较陡坡[15°,25°)的土壤保持效果较好,单位面积土壤保持量最大。【结论】 天保工程的实施显著增强了青海省土壤保持功能;灌木林地和乔木林地是青海省土壤保持量增长的主要类型;海拔梯度[1 667,2 600) m和较陡坡[15°~25°)的生态系统土壤保持效果较好,应继续加强保护。

关键词: 土壤保持, 通用土壤流失方程(USLE), 天然林保护工程, 土地利用, 空间特征

Abstract:

【Objective】This study evaluated the soil conservation and spatial distribution characteristics of the Natural Forest Protection Project in Qinghai Province over the past 20 years, to understand the ecological and environmental protection status of this area, and provide a theoretical reference for the promotion of local ecological construction and economic development.【Method】Based on the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model, combined with land use data, terrain data, multi-year climate data, and soil data, the soil conservation of Qinghai Province was calculated and spatially analyzed through a GIS platform (ArcGIS 10.4) to verify the land use types, administrative districts, and topography factors during 2000-2020. Additionally, the benefits of soil conservation under the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project were evaluated. 【Result】(1) The grassland and bare land were the main land use types in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2020. The implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, resulted in the expansion of land use as forests and a decrease in the bare land. The shrubland and grassland in the east were transformed into forests, which became the main sources of forest growth. (2) Under the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, soil conservation increased by 4.950×106 t. The amount of soil conservation was higher in the east and south, but lower in the northwest. (3) Different land use types had different soil conservation capacities and soil conservation per unit area was highest in the forests. The total amount of soil conservation in the shrublands increased the most over the 20 years. (4) The amount of soil conservation in Haidong, Xining and Huangnan increased the most during 2000-2020. (5) In terms of altitude and slope, the soil conservation per unit area was highest at an altitude gradient of 1 667-2 600 m and steeper slopes (15°-25°). 【Conclusion】The implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project has prominently enhanced the soil conservation function in the Qinghai Province and the expansion of shrubs and forests further contribute to soil conservation. Thus, land areas at an altitude of 1 667-2 600 m and steep slopes (15°-25°) should be protected in the future.

Key words: soil conservation, universal soil loss equation (USLE), the Natural Forest Protection Project, land use, spatial feature

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