观赏海棠花期物候稳定性及其对温度变化的响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903010

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 49-54.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903010

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观赏海棠花期物候稳定性及其对温度变化的响应

储吴樾¹(), 范俊俊¹, 张往祥¹^,²^,^*()

1.南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京 210037
2.扬州小苹果园艺有限公司,江苏扬州 225200

收稿日期:2019-03-04 修回日期:2020-02-23 出版日期:2020-10-30 发布日期:2020-10-30
通讯作者: 张往祥
基金资助:
国家林业和草原局知识产权转化运用项目([2019]14号);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX183076)

Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature change

CHU Wuyue¹(), FAN Junjun¹, ZHANG Wangxiang¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037,China
2. Yangzhou Small Apple Gardening Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225200,China

Received:2019-03-04 Revised:2020-02-23 Online:2020-10-30 Published:2020-10-30
Contact: ZHANG Wangxiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究多品种海棠初花期物候特征,探究花期与温度的内在联系,并在品种水平上揭示花期稳定性差异及变化规律。【方法】使用67个海棠品种的4年初花期物候数据对多品种海棠初花期稳定性进行分析,并使用多年的气象数据对多品种海棠初花期群组物候标准偏差(σ)的计算结果进行研究。【结果】2014—2016年多品种海棠初花期日期顺序与2013年的初花期均有较高的相关性。晚花期品种的σ值大于早、中花期σ值。早花期品种群与中花期品种群的σ值和开花前一年10月1日至12月1日期间小于6 ℃的天数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而晚花期品种群σ值与开花前一年10月1日至开花当年2月1日期间小于4 ℃(P<0.05)及开花前一年10月1日至开花当年3月1日期间小于4 ℃(P<0.05)的天数呈显著负相关。【结论】低温对于海棠初花期稳定性有着重要影响:一方面,早、中花期品种相对于晚花期品种而言对低温需求更大,且休眠时间限制更加严格;另一方面,晚花期品种间初花期顺序的稳定性更低。

关键词: 观赏海棠, 初花期群组, 花期物候, 低温, 标准偏差

Abstract:

【Objective】We study the phenological characteristics of the early-flowering stage of several varieties of ornamental crabapple, to explore the internal relationship between the flowering stage and temperature, and to reveal the differences and changes in flowering stability at a variety level. 【Method】Four-year phenological data from 67 varieties of ornamental crabapple were analyzed to determine the stability of multiple ornamental crabapple varieties, and the results of standard deviation of phenology (σ) of multiple varieties of ornamental crabapple were studied using temperature data over many years. 【Result】From 2014 to 2016, there was a strong correlation of the date sequence of early flowering with that of 2013. The σ value of late-flowering varieties was higher than that of early-and mid-flowering varieties. There was a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between the σ value of the early florescence and middle florescence; this correlation was also noted between the σ value of the late florescence and days with temperature below 6 ℃ from October 1st to December 1st in the year before florescence, between the σ value of the late florescence and days with a temperature below 4 ℃ (P<0.05) from October 1st to February 1st in the year before florescence, and between October 1st to March 1st in the year before florescence. 【Conclusion】 A low temperature has an important effect on the stability of ornamental crabapple at the early-flowering stage. The varieties in the early-and mid-flowering stage required a lower temperature than that required at the late-flowering stage, and the time limit for breaking dormancy was more strict. In contrast, the stability of the early-flowering sequence among the late-flowering varieties was lower.

Key words: ornamental crabapple, florescence phenological order, flowering phenology, low temperature, standard deviation

中图分类号:

S685.99

储吴樾,范俊俊,张往祥. 观赏海棠花期物候稳定性及其对温度变化的响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(5): 49-54.

CHU Wuyue, FAN Junjun, ZHANG Wangxiang. Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature change[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(5): 49-54.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903010.

图/表 6

表1

供试观赏海棠"

编号 No.	品种 variety	编号 No.	品种 variety	编号 No.	品种 variety	编号 No.	品种 variety
1	‘粉冠’ M. ‘Pink Spires ’	18	‘龙游路易莎’ M. ‘Louisa Contort’	35	‘红哨兵’ M. ‘Red Sentinel’	52	‘粉红公主’ M. ‘Pink princess’
2	‘阿美’ M. ‘Almey’	19	‘马凯米克’ M. ‘Makamik’	36	‘紫王子’ M. ‘Purple prince’	53	‘时光秀’ M. ‘Show Time’
3	‘春之雪’ M. ‘Spring Snow ’	20	‘豪帕’ M. ‘Hopa’	37	‘超甜时光’ M. ‘Sweet Sugartyme’	54	‘薄荷糖’ M. ‘Candymint’
4	‘红衣主教’ M. ‘Cardinal’	21	‘红玉’ M. ‘Red Jade’	38	‘爱丽’ M. ‘Eleyi’	55	‘亚瑟王’ M. ‘King Arthur’
5	‘春之颂’ M. ‘Spring Glory’	22	‘皇家宝石’ M. ‘Royal Gem’	39	‘白色瀑布’ M. ‘White Cascade’	56	‘高原红’ M. ‘Prairifire’
6	日本海棠 M. floribunda	23	‘洋溢’ M. ‘Radiant’	40	‘鲁道夫’ M. ‘Rudolph’	57	‘希利尔’ M. ‘Hillier’
7	‘印第安之夏’ M. ‘Indian Summer’	24	‘斯普伦格教授’ M. ‘Professor Sprenger’	41	‘罗宾逊’ M. ‘Robinson’	58	‘金雨滴’ M. ‘Golden Raindrop’
8	‘完美紫色’ M. ‘Perfect purple’	25	‘百夫长’ M. ‘Centurion’	42	‘垂枝麦当娜’ M. ‘Weeping Madonna’	59	‘罗格’ M. ‘Roger’s Selection’
9	‘芭蕾舞’ M. ‘Ballet’	26	‘熔岩’ M. ‘Molten Lava’	43	‘珊瑚礁’ M. ‘Coralburst’	60	‘黄油果’ M. ‘Butterball’
10	‘草莓果冻’ M. ‘Strawberry Jelly’	27	‘丰盛’ M. ‘Profusion’	44	‘金黄蜂’ M. ‘Golden Hornet’	61	‘灰姑娘’ M. ‘Cinderella’
11	‘凯尔西’ M. ‘Kelsey’	28	‘莱姆’ M. × ‘Lemoinei’	45	‘绣球’ M. ‘Hydrangea’	62	‘金丰收’ M. ‘Harvest Gold’
12	‘丽莎’ M. ‘Lisa’	29	‘皇家美人’ M. ‘Royal Beauty’	46	‘玛丽波特’ M. ‘Mary potter’	63	‘金色冬季’ M. ‘Winter Gold’
13	‘红丽’ M. ‘Red Splendor’	30	‘美果海棠’ M. × zumi ‘Calocarpa’	47	‘李斯特’ M. ‘Liset’	64	‘春之韵’ M. ‘Spring Sensation’
14	‘盛花’ M. ‘Abundance ’	31	‘唐·怀曼’ M. ‘Donald Wyman’	48	‘兰斯洛特’ M. ‘Larcelot’	65	‘白兰地’ M. ‘Brandywine’
15	‘东哥’ M. ‘Dolgo’	32	‘珠穆朗玛’ M. ‘Everest’	49	‘金色仙踪’ M. ‘Fairtail Gold’	66	‘火鸟’ M. ‘Firebird’
16	‘红巴伦’ M. ‘Red Baron’	33	‘雪堆’ M. ‘Snowdrift ’	50	‘五月欢歌’ M. ‘May’s Delight’	67	‘高原玫瑰’ M. ‘Praire Rose’
17	‘印第安魔术’ M. ‘Indian Magic’	34	‘亚当斯’ M. ‘Adams’	51	‘皇家’ M. ‘Royalty’

表1

图1

图2

表2

图3

表3

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花期 florescence	Ⅰ						Ⅱ
花期 florescence	<1 ℃	<2 ℃	<3 ℃	<4 ℃	<5 ℃	<6 ℃	<1 ℃	<2 ℃	<3 ℃	<4 ℃	<5 ℃	<6 ℃	<7 ℃
早花期 early group	-0.326	-0.063	-0.122	-0.122	-0.402	-0.979^*	-0.263	-0.263	0	0.498	0.188	0.137	0.201
中花期 medium group	-0.391	-0.111	-0.135	-0.135	-0.439	-0.961^*	-0.243	-0.243	0.075	0.543	0.233	0.138	0.182
晚花期 late group	-0.141	0.199	0.516	0.516	0.144	-0.093	-0.566	-0.566	0.117	0.017	-0.182	-0.599	-0.705
花期 florescence	Ⅲ						Ⅳ
花期 florescence	<1 ℃	<2 ℃	<3 ℃	<4 ℃	<5 ℃	<6 ℃	<1 ℃	<2 ℃	<3 ℃	<4 ℃	<5 ℃	<6 ℃	<7 ℃
早花期 early group	-0.495	-0.687	0.076	-0.437	-0.147	0.018	-0.843	-0.923	-0.914	-0.206	-0.702	-0.543	-0.226
中花期 medium group	-0.572	-0.728	0.021	-0.479	-0.194	-0.043	-0.872	-0.949	-0.898	-0.265	-0.697	-0.557	-0.26
晚花期 late group	-0.893	-0.892	-0.911	-0.955^*	-0.95	-0.943	-0.758	-0.635	-0.431	-0.989^*	-0.663	-0.821	-0.912

观赏海棠花期物候稳定性及其对温度变化的响应

Phenological stability of ornamental crabapple and its response to temperature change

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2015	0.802^**	0.777^**	1
2016	0.882^**	0.842^**	0.681^**	1

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