Abstract: To comprehensively understand the response of water quality to riparian land use pattern and streambed structure, we examined the correlation between seven water quality indicators and seven landscape/environmental variables in a section of Oujiang River. Correlation analysis was conducted at nine spatial scales from 100 m to 900 m using generalized linear models. The results showed that the water quality indicators, except for suspended solids and nitrate nitrogen, generally varied significantly by spatial location. Among land use types, cropland had relatively high explanatory power for concentration of suspended solids and orthophosphate in the river; total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen was mostly explained by beach; while nitrate nitrogen was correlated with sandpit. Overall, riparian land use pattern and streambed structure had different explanatory power for phosphorus and nitrogen in the water. Nitrogen in the river was mostly influenced by streambed structure, and concentration of phosphorus was mainly determined by riparian land use pattern.