Anatomical observations on the male and female floral buds development of Populus deltoides in Nanjing area

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202011019

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 197-202.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202011019

Previous Articles Next Articles

Anatomical observations on the male and female floral buds development of Populus deltoides in Nanjing area

LU Jing(), CHEN Wenwen, WU Huaitong, CHEN Yingnan^*()

Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2020-11-09 Accepted:2021-01-12 Online:2022-01-30 Published:2022-02-09
Contact: CHEN Yingnan E-mail:JingLu@njfu.edu.cn;chenyingnan@njfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Characterizing floral bud development in perennial woody plants is critical for revealing the molecular regulatory mechanisms of flowering in trees. 【Method】 In this study, morphological changes in floral buds were investigated in male and female Populus deltoides. Anatomical structures were observed in paraffin sections. 【Result】 In Nanjing area, floral buds begin to appear on the floral branches from late May to early June each year. The developmental process can be divided into five stages: bract differentiation (before mid-June), floret primordium initiation (from mid-June to mid-July), gynoecium/androecium differentiation (from mid-July to November), dormancy (from December to January of the following year), and male/female gametophyte development (from February to March). Finally, the differentiation of unisexual flowers occurred in early spring. 【Conclusion】 Both male and female flowers of P. deltoides belong to the type Ⅱ unisexual flower, which exhibits no rudiments of the opposite sex. During the entire developmental period, both the bud scales of male and female flowers remained green and rigid, though the male floral buds were larger and plumper than those of females. The growth curve of floral buds exhibited a sigmoid shape. The results obtained in this study provide a necessary foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying floral organogenesis and sex determination in poplar.

Key words: Populus deltoides, dioecy, floral bud development, anatomical observation

CLC Number:

S722

LU Jing, CHEN Wenwen, WU Huaitong, CHEN Yingnan. Anatomical observations on the male and female floral buds development of Populus deltoides in Nanjing area[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(1): 197-202.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Fig.2

References 29

[1]	FORNARA F, DE MONTAIGU A, COUPLAND G. SnapShot:control of flowering in Arabidopsis[J]. Cell, 2010, 141(3):550-550.e2.DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.024. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.04.024
[2]	MANDEL M A, GUSTAFSON-BROWN C, SAVIDGE B, et al. Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APETALA1[J]. Nature, 1992, 360(6401):273-277.DOI: 10.1038/360273a0. doi: 10.1038/360273a0
[3]	PARCY F, NILSSON O, BUSCH M A, et al. A genetic framework for floral patterning[J]. Nature, 1998, 395(6702):561-566.DOI: 10.1038/26903. doi: 10.1038/26903
[4]	WAGNER D, SABLOWSKI R W, MEYEROWITZ E M. Transcriptional activation of APETALA1 by LEAFY[J]. Science, 1999, 285(5427):582-584.DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5427.582. doi: 10.1126/science.285.5427.582
[5]	JACK T, BROCKMAN L L, MEYEROWITZ E M. The homeotic gene APETALA3 of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a MADS box and is expressed in petals and stamens[J]. Cell, 1992, 68(4):683-697.DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90144-2. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90144-2
[6]	MIZUKAMI Y, MA H. Determination of Arabidopsis floral meristem identity by AGAMOUS[J]. Plant Cell, 1997, 9(3):393-408.DOI: 10.1105/tpc.9.3.393. doi: 10.1105/tpc.9.3.393
[7]	BOHLENIUS H. CO/FT regulatory module controls timing of flowering and seasonal growth cessation in trees[J]. Science, 2006, 312(5776):1040-1043.DOI: 10.1126/science.1126038. doi: 10.1126/science.1126038
[8]	WANG J W, PARK M Y, WANG L J, et al. miRNA control of vegetative phase change in trees[J]. PLoS Genet, 2011, 7(2):e1002012.DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002012. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002012
[9]	颜开义, 潘惠新, 黄敏仁, 等. 美洲黑杨生长变异与无性系选择[J]. 林业科技开发, 2011, 25(1):52-56.
	YAN K Y, PAN H X, HUANG M R, et al. Studies on growth variation and clonal selection of Populus deltoides[J]. China For Sci Technol, 2011, 25(1):52-56.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8101.2011.01.013. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8101.2011.01.013
[10]	黄国伟, 樊孝萍, 龙开莲, 等. 美洲黑杨种质资源生长和物候性状分析[J]. 西南林业大学学报, 2020, 40(2):29-35.
	HUANG G W, FAN X P, LONG K L, et al. Study on the growth and phenological characteristics of Populus deltoides germplasms[J]. J Southwest For Univ, 2020, 40(2):29-35.DOI: 10.11929/j.swfu.201910048. doi: 10.11929/j.swfu.201910048
[11]	王克林. 南林895杨适应性生长监测[J]. 林业科技情报, 2019, 51(1):4-5,9.
	WANG K L. Monitoring of adaptive growth of NL 895 Populus L[J]. For Sci Technol Inf, 2019, 51(1):4-5,9.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3303.2019.01.002. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3303.2019.01.002
[12]	付盼, 李文莹, 刘美兰, 等. 油桐花序石蜡切片制作方法改良[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2020, 40(3):53-59.
	FU P, LI W Y, LIU M L, et al. Improvement of paraffin section method on inflorescences of Vernicia fordii[J]. J Central South Univ For Technol, 2020, 40(3):53-59.DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2020.03.007. doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2020.03.007
[13]	BOES T K, STRAUSS S H. Floral phenology and morphology of black cottonwood,Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae)[J]. Am J Bot, 1994, 81(5):562.DOI: 10.2307/2445730. doi: 10.2307/2445730
[14]	辛昊阳, 王帅, 刘光欣, 等. 美洲黑杨小孢子母细胞减数分裂进程与花芽及花药外观形态相关性研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 40(2):48-52.
	XIN H Y, WANG S, LIU G X, et al. Relationship between the meiosis processes of microsporocytes and morphology of male flower buds and anthers in Populus deltoides Marsh[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2016, 40(2):48-52.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.02.008. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.02.008
[15]	董源. 毛白杨胚胎学观察——Ⅱ.胚珠、胚囊的构造,受精作用及胚的发育[J]. 北京林学院学报, 1994(1):83-94.
	DONG Y. Some embryological observations on Populus tomentosa Carr. about the structures of ovule and embryo sac, the process of fertilization and the development of embryo[J]. J Beijing Fore Univ, 1994(1):83-94.
[16]	张云, 刘青林. 植物花发育的分子机理研究进展[J]. 植物学通报, 2003, 20(5):589-601.
	ZHANG Y, LIU Q L. Proceedings on molecular mechanism of plant flower development[J]. Chin Bull Bot, 2003, 20(5):589-601.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2003.05.011. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2003.05.011
[17]	THEIßEN G, MELZER R. Flower development, genetics of [M]. New York: Academic Press, 2013.
[18]	HSU C Y, LIU Y, LUTHE D S, et al. Poplar FT2 shortens the juvenile phase and promotes seasonal flowering[J]. Plant Cell, 2006, 18(8):1846-1861.DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.041038. doi: 10.1105/tpc.106.041038
[19]	YUCEER C, LAND S B Jr, KUBISKE M E, et al. Shoot morphogenesis associated with flowering in Populus deltoides (Salicaceae)[J]. Am J Bot, 2003, 90(2):196-206.DOI: 10.3732/ajb.90.2.196. doi: 10.3732/ajb.90.2.196
[20]	CRONK Q C B, ISABELLE N, RUDALL P J. Evolution of catkins: inflorescence morphology of selected Salicaceae in an evolutionary and developmental context[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2015, 6(732):1030. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01030. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01030
[21]	MITCHELL C H, DIGGLE P K. The evolution of unisexual flowers:morphological and functional convergence results from diverse developmental transitions[J]. Am J Bot, 2005, 92(7):1068-1076.DOI: 10.3732/ajb.92.7.1068. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.7.1068
[22]	MAYER S S, CHARLESWORTH D. Cryptic dioecy in flowering plants[J]. Trends Ecol Evol, 1991, 6(10):320-325.DOI: 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90039-z. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90039-z
[23]	YANG H W, AKAGI T, KAWAKATSU T, et al. Gene networks orchestrated by MeGI:a single-factor mechanism underlying sex determination in persimmon[J]. Plant J, 2019, 98(1):97-111.DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14202. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14202
[24]	AKAGI T, HENRY I M, OHTANI H, et al. A Y-encoded suppressor of feminization arose via lineage-specific duplication of a cytokinin response regulator in kiwifruit[J]. Plant Cell, 2018, 30(4):780-795.DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00787. doi: 10.1105/tpc.17.00787
[25]	吴泽秀, 蒋芳玲, 刘敏, 等. 大蒜花芽分化进程及其解剖结构和形态特征变化[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2019, 28(1):25-33.
	WU Z X, JIANG F L, LIU M, et al. The flower bud differentiation process of Allium sativum and its anatomical structure and morphological characteristics changes[J]. J Plant Res Environ, 2019, 28(1):25-33.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7895.2019.01.04. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7895.2019.01.04
[26]	郝晨, 李云, 姜金仲, 等. 四倍体刺槐大小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性[J]. 核农学报, 2006, 20(4):292-295.
	HAO C, LI Y, JIANG J Z, et al. The correlation between micro and mega sporogenesis’s development and morphology of flower organ of tetraploid black locust[J]. J Nucl Agric Sci, 2006, 20(4):292-295.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8551.2006.04.009. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8551.2006.04.009
[27]	洑香香, 冯岚, 尚旭岚, 等. 青钱柳雌、雄花芽分化进程的形态解剖特征观察[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 35(6):17-22.
	FU X X, FENG L, SHANG X L, et al. Observation of morphological and anatomical characters on staminate and pistillate flower differentiation in Cyclocarya paliurus[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2011, 35(6):17-22.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2011.06.004. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2011.06.004
[28]	李雪, 黄剑, 徐刚, 等. 麻疯树花发育的形态和解剖结构研究[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2015, 37(6):1037-1043.
	LI X, HUANG J, XU G, et al. The morphological development and anatomical structure of flowers of Jatropha curcas[J]. Acta Agric Univ Jiangxiensis, 2015, 37(6):1037-1043.DOI: 10.13836/j.jjau.2015158. doi: 10.13836/j.jjau.2015158
[29]	李云. 杨树三倍体选育研究进展[J]. 植物学通报, 2001, 18(4):452-458.
	LI Y. Advances in studies of triploid poplar breeding[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2001, 18(4):452-458. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2001.04.009. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2001.04.009

Metrics

Comments

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

采样时间 sampling time	样品编号 sample No.	采样时间 sampling time	样品编号 sample No.	采样时间 sampling time	样品编号 sample No.
2018-06-03	T1	2018-08-19	T6	2018-11-12	T11
2018-06-18	T2	2018-09-04	T7	2018-12-12	T12
2018-07-04	T3	2018-09-21	T8	2019-01-12	T13
2018-07-18	T4	2018-10-09	T9	2019-02-20	T14
2018-08-05	T5	2018-10-24	T10	2019-03-20	T15

花芽分化阶段 stage of floral bud differentiation	划分依据 classification criteria	采样时期 sampling time
花芽分化阶段 stage of floral bud differentiation	划分依据 classification criteria	雌花芽 female floral bud(♀)	雄花芽 male floral bud(♂)
苞片分化期bract differentiation(Stage Ⅰ)	花芽顶端趋于平坦、侧面分化形成苞片	T1、T2	T1
小花原基起始期 floret primordium initiation(Stage Ⅱ)	苞片腋部细胞逐渐分化形成小花原基	T3、T4	T2
雌蕊/雄蕊分化期 gynoecium/androecium differentiation(Stage Ⅲ)	雌株形成完整雌蕊;雄株形成蝶形花粉囊	T5—T11	T3—T11
休眠期dormancy(Stage Ⅳ)	雌/雄蕊发育停滞	T12—T14	T12—T14
雌/雄配子体形成期 male/female gametophyte development(Stage Ⅴ)	雌株形成胚囊;雄株形成花粉粒	T15	T15

Anatomical observations on the male and female floral buds development of Populus deltoides in Nanjing area

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 4

References 29

Related Articles 9

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

Author

Reader

Reviewer

[1]	BU Xiaoting, FU Wei, LI Shuxian, XU Zhibiao, PENG Daqing, XU Linqiao. Effects of rejuvenation and hormone treatment on the rooting of softwood cuttings of Quercus texana and anatomical observations of rooting [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(2): 129-136.
[2]	SUN Xiaowei, WANG Xingchang, SUN Huizhen, QUAN Xiankui, YANG Qingjie. Photosynthetic characteristics of dioecious Populus davidiana, Fraxinus mandshurica and Taxus cuspidata [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(1): 129-135.
[3]	ZHANG Cheng, WANG Xiaoyan, WANG Xianrong, DUAN Yifan, ZHANG Min, SHI Dawei, ZHU Yue, SONG Yanfeng, CHAI Zihan, LI Lan. Photosynthesis and hormone study of male and hermaphroditic Osmanthus fragrans at different flowering stages [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(5): 75-80.
[4]	LIU Yuxin, YAN Kaiyi, HE Wei, PAN Huixin. Genetic variation of fiber traits in Populus deltoides clones [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(2): 67-74.
[5]	LI Weiqiang, DAI Xiaogang, LI Xiaoping, LI Shuxian. Assessment of ploidy levels in the Populus deltoides Marsh. germplasm [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(5): 51-58.
[6]	DAI Meili, FANG Lecheng, YIN Tongming, LI Xiaoping. Devleopment of SNP molecular markers against the foliar rust of poplar using SLAF-seq technique [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(02): 73-78.
[7]	lv Yi, LIU Yang, FANG Shengzuo, TIAN Ye, XU Xizeng. Genetic variation in growth and wood properties for southern type poplar clones [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2018, 42(06): 20-26.
[8]	XIN Haoyang, WANG Shuai, LIU Guangxin, ZHEN Yan, SHI Jisen, KUANG Hualin, XI Mengli. Relationship between the meiosis processes of microsporocytes and morphology of male flower buds and anthers in Populus deltoides Marsh [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2016, 40(02): 48-52.
[9]	ZHOU Wencai, HOU Jing, GUO Wei, CHEN Yingnan, WAN Zhibing, YIN Tongming. Identification of the true hybrids for Populus deltoides by using SSR markers [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2015, 39(03): 45-49.