The relationship between physiological metabolism changes and embryogenic competence of endosperm in Ginkgo biloba at different developmental stages

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112010

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 68-76.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112010

Special Issue: 中国特有孑遗树种银杏雌雄株发育生理机制

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The relationship between physiological metabolism changes and embryogenic competence of endosperm in Ginkgo biloba at different developmental stages

MA Juanjuan(), WU Qinxia(), CHEN Ying(), WANG Ruimin, YUAN Binling, HU Yuchen, CAO Fuliang

Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2021-12-06 Revised:2022-02-21 Online:2022-07-30 Published:2022-08-01
Contact: CHEN Ying E-mail:15976485167@qq.com;173424240@qq.com;chynjfu@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In this study, high-embryogenic competence endosperm explants in Ginkgo biloba were screened out by investigating the relationship between the physiological changes in endosperm during different development periods and embryogenic callus induction. The results will provide supports for studying somatic embryogenesis and establishing a somatic embryogenesis system for G. biloba. 【Method】 Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids, and endogenous hormone content were measured, and embryogenic callus were induced using G. biloba endosperm as explants in eight stages (during June 10 to September 15). 【Result】 The endosperm development and embryogenic competence of G. biloba can be divided into three stages (Ⅰ-Ⅲ). The soluble protein and flavonoids content, peroxidase and catalaseenzyme activities, and indoleacetic acid (IAA) /abscisic acid (ABA) ratio in the endosperm of G. biloba all reached the highest levels; however, the (zeatin nucleoside (ZR) + isopentenyl pyrophosphate (iPA))/ABA ratio was lower than that at stage Ⅰ (during June 10 to June 30). Accordingly, the endosperm at this stage had high embryogenic competence and induction ability of embryogenic callus. Moreover, the endosperm had a high water content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and high IAA/ABA ratios, and it was also easy to induce callus; however, these induced callus were susceptible to loosening and easy browning, and the non-embryonic and embryogenic competence levels were lower at this stage. Stage Ⅱ lasted from June 30 to August 10. The three resistant enzyme activities, flavonoid content, and IAA/ABA ratios all exhibited low levels, while the (ZR+iPA)/ABA ratio was high. The callus induction rate was the lowest among the three stages, and the embryogenic competence level was lower than that at stage Ⅲ. 【Conclusion】 The embryogenic competence of G. biloba endosperm and embryogenic callus induction in the three stages of endosperm development was in the order stage Ⅲ > Ⅱ > Ⅰ. The optimum period of embryogenic competence in the endosperm explant was stage Ⅲ (August 17 to September 15) and the endosperm induced a high rate of embryogenic callus at this stage.

Key words: Ginkgo abiloba, endosperm, explant, development stages, embryogenic competence, embryogenic callus

CLC Number:

S722
Q945

MA Juanjuan, WU Qinxia, CHEN Ying, WANG Ruimin, YUAN Binling, HU Yuchen, CAO Fuliang. The relationship between physiological metabolism changes and embryogenic competence of endosperm in Ginkgo biloba at different developmental stages[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(4): 68-76.

Figures/Tables 9

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Table 1

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培养基类型 type of media	质量浓度/(mg·L^-1) content			接种数 numbers of inoculating	诱导率(平均值± 标准差)/% induction rate (mean±SD)	褐化率(平均值± 标准差)/% browning rate (mean±SD)
培养基类型 type of media	NAA	BA	2,4-D	接种数 numbers of inoculating	诱导率(平均值± 标准差)/% induction rate (mean±SD)	褐化率(平均值± 标准差)/% browning rate (mean±SD)
MS	1.5	1.0	—	24	87.50±0.13 ab	4.17±0.07 b
MS	1.0	0.5	—	24	66.67±0.07 b	8.33±0.07 b
MS	—	1.0	1.5	24	91.67±0.14 a	33.33±0.07 a
MS	—	0.5	1.0	24	70.83±0.07 b	45.83±0.14 a
DCR	1.5	0.5	—	24	75.00±0.00 b	0.00±0.00 b
DCR	1.0	1.0	—	24	83.33±0.07 ab	0.00±0.00 b
DCR	—	0.5	1.5	24	83.33±0.07 ab	41.67±0.07 a
DCR	—	1.0	1.0	24	62.50±0.00 b	37.50±0.00 a

时间(月-日) date(month-day)	污染率/% pollution rate	诱导率/% induction rate
06-10	4.17±0.18 b	86.46±4.77 ab
06-30	4.17±0.18 b	54.26±3.61 c
07-20	5.21±0.20 b	43.57±3.13 c
08-10	11.46±0.36 a	76.04±4.77 b
08-17	8.33±0.36 ab	81.25±11.26 b
08-24	6.25±0.31 ab	91.67±3.61 ab
08-31	8.33±0.65 ab	88.54±6.51 ab
09-15	2.08±0.36 bc	90.63±3.12 ab

The relationship between physiological metabolism changes and embryogenic competence of endosperm in Ginkgo biloba at different developmental stages

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