The dynamic observation of male and female inflorescence establishment of Salix suchowensis in Nanjing area

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202108013

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 154-162.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202108013

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The dynamic observation of male and female inflorescence establishment of Salix suchowensis in Nanjing area

XIANG Li(), YIN Tongming, CHEN Yingnan()

Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2021-08-08 Accepted:2021-10-23 Online:2023-01-30 Published:2023-02-01
Contact: CHEN Yingnan E-mail:xiangli12314@163.com;chenyingnan@njfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Salix (willows) cause severe seed hair pollution when they reach sexual maturity. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differentiation is essential for seed hair pollution control. To clarify the molecular regulation of sexual determination, it is necessary to understand the key period of floral bud differentiation and the establishment of inflorescence. 【Method】 In this study, we studied the morphology and anatomy of Salix suchowensis floral buds and determined the period at which inflorescence is established in males and females by light microscopy and paraffin sectioning. This study was conducted within one year. 【Result】 The inflorescence primordium differentiation occurred from mid-June to July; floret primordium initiation took place from mid-July to August; gynoecium or androecium differentiation occurred from September to November; dormancy of inflorescence spanned from mid-November to February of the following year, whereas male or female gametophyte development occurred from mid-February to March, following the flush of male or female catkins. Additionally, the morphological characteristics were correlated with anatomical structure of the inflorescence. 【Conclusion】 Both male and female flowers of S. suchowensis are unisexual. The growth curve of the inflorescence exhibited a sigmoid shape, and the male inflorescence was larger than that of the female inflorescence during the entire developmental process. External morphology can be used to deduce the differentiation stages of flower buds. This study provides a panoramic view of the dynamic changes in floral bud differentiation and inflorescence establishment in S. suchowensis, which provides essential information for clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying the key developmental stages of female and male flowers.

Key words: Salix suchowensis, floral bud differentiation, inflorescence establishment, external morphology, anatomical structure

CLC Number:

S722

XIANG Li, YIN Tongming, CHEN Yingnan. The dynamic observation of male and female inflorescence establishment of Salix suchowensis in Nanjing area[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(1): 154-162.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1

Fig.2

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Table 1

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Table 2

Comparison between morphological and anatomical characters of inflorescence of Salix suchowensis"

采样时间 sampling time	外部形态 external morphology	解剖结构anatomical structure
采样时间 sampling time	外部形态 external morphology	雌female	雄male
2020-06-15 (T1)	雌花芽瘦小较瘪,长约5.2 mm;雄花芽稍大,长约7.9 mm。雌、雄花芽均上窄下宽,外披嫩绿色鳞片	雌花序和苞片快速分化,苞片腋部细胞密集分化成小花原基突起	雄花序和苞片快速分化,苞片腋部细胞密集分化成小花原基突起
2020-08-01 (T4)	花序逐渐膨大,雌花序长约8.0 mm,雄花序长约11.2 mm,鳞片颜色嫩绿色	苞片不断伸长,小花原基逐渐分化增大,形成雌蕊原基	苞片不断伸长,小花原基逐渐分化增大,形成雄蕊原基
2020-09-01 (T6)	花序继续膨大,逐渐饱满,雌花序长约9.2 mm,雄花序长约12.0 mm,鳞片颜色变成浅绿色	雌蕊原基从上往下分化,形成两叉凹陷的2心皮	雄蕊原基开始从中间向两边分化
2020-10-01 (T8)	花序膨大,趋向饱满,雌花序长约10.1 mm,雄花序长约12.8 mm,鳞片浅黄色	子房膨大,基部出现1~2个胚原基突起	雄蕊原基两侧增大分化成4个角隅,角隅处细胞分化成花药原始体
2020-11-01 (T10)	花序饱满,雌花序长约10.5 mm,雄花序长约13.1 mm,鳞片浅黄色且芽体两侧微红	子房继续膨大,胚原基分化成多个胚珠	角隅处花药雏形开始分化
2020-12-01 (T12)	花序缓慢增大,雌花序鳞片变深黄色,长约10.7 mm。雄花序鳞片浅褐色间淡红色,长约13.6 mm	子房膨大变化幅度小,胚珠呈扁椭圆形,进入休眠期	花粉囊增大缓慢,内部花药原基密集排列,进入休眠期
2021-01-01 (T14)	花序生长停滞,雄花序比雌花序稍大,雌花序长约11.0 mm,雄花序长14.2 mm,其鳞片均为褐色	胚珠排列紧凑,发育停滞	花药原基密集排列,发育停滞
2021-02-16 (T17)	雌、雄花序快速伸长膨大,雌花序长约19.8 mm,雄花序长约21.0 mm,鳞片脱落,花序露出,花序绒毛出现	子房膨大成椭圆形,胚珠饱满,趋向成熟的雌蕊形成胚囊	雄蕊花粉成熟,花粉粒松散密布分散在花粉囊里

Table 2

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分化阶段 differentiation stage	采样时期 sampling time
花序建成初期(Stage Ⅰ) early stage of inflorescence establishment	T1—T2
小花原基分化期(Stage Ⅱ) floret primordium differentiation stage	T3—T5
雌/雄蕊分化期(Stage Ⅲ) gynoecium or androecium differentiation stage	T5—T10
休眠期Stage IV dormancy stage	T11—T16
大/小孢子发生及雌配子体/雄配子体发育期(Stage V) female or male gametophyte development stage	T17

The dynamic observation of male and female inflorescence establishment of Salix suchowensis in Nanjing area

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