Modelling height-diameter curves of main species for natural forests based on species composition in Greater Khingan Mountains, northeast China

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111034

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 157-165.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111034

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Modelling height-diameter curves of main species for natural forests based on species composition in Greater Khingan Mountains, northeast China

LU Wenyan(), DONG Lingbo(), TIAN Yuan, WANG Shashan, QU Xuanyi, WEI Wei, LIU Zhaogang

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem and Management, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2021-11-19 Revised:2022-02-21 Online:2023-07-30 Published:2023-07-20

1. .zip(1065KB)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】An in-depth understanding of how species composition influences the relationship between individual tree height (HT) and diameter at breast height (DBH) in mixed forests is important for effective implementation of forest quality improvements. 【Method】 The functions relating the HT and DBH of individual larch (Larix gmelinii) and birch (Betula platyphylla) were estimated using multiple stepwise regression with tree, stand, and species information extracted from 112 larch-birch mixed forests in the central part of Greater Khingan Mountains. The effects of the different variables on the relationship between HT and DBH were quantified using hierarchical partitioning. Finally, mixed-effects modelling techniques were employed to characterize nesting effects and solve heteroscedasticity problems within the sample survey data. 【Result】 The correlations between HT and DBH of the main tree species in Greater Khingan Mountains were affected simultaneously by the DBHs of the individual trees, stand characteristics (i.e., HT of dominant tree, as well as mean DBH and HT of the stand), and species composition (i.e., the volume percentage of larch and birch). The individual contributions on the HT-DBH relations from the various variables were as follows: DBH of individual tree (82%) > stand characteristics (16%) > species composition (2%). Furthermore, the mixed-effect models of HT-DBH were each optimally combined with three random parameters, as well as variance covariances with pdSymm structure and heteroscedasticity correction with varPower functions, in which the values of R_adj both increased by about 2.50% and 3.44% (0.789 5 of larch and 0.744 7 of birch) when compared with that of the basic model. 【Conclusion】 From the perspective of forest management practices, individual tree HT growth can be promoted by adjusting the species composition of forests through suitable cutting or replanting.

Key words: tree species composition, larch(Larix gmelinii), birch(Betula platyphylla), tree height curve, natural forest, mixed model

CLC Number:

S718.5

LU Wenyan, DONG Lingbo, TIAN Yuan, WANG Shashan, QU Xuanyi, WEI Wei, LIU Zhaogang. Modelling height-diameter curves of main species for natural forests based on species composition in Greater Khingan Mountains, northeast China[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(4): 157-165.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 2

Table 6

Validation of base and mixed model of height- diameter functions for L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla"

树种 species	模型 model	$R a d j 2$	RMSE/m	Bias/m
兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	基础模型base model	0.772 2	1.68	1.28
	混合模型mixed model	0.791 3	1.61	1.22
白桦 B. platyphylla	基础模型base model	0.733 2	1.67	1.29
	混合模型mixed model	0.752 8	1.62	1.23

Table 6

Fig. 3

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变量 variable	林分类型 stand type	最小值 min	最大值 max	平均值 mean	标准差 SD	变异系数/% CV
优势树高/m dominant tree height	白桦林	14.77	22.20	18.35	1.54	8.40
	兴安落叶松-白桦混交林	16.13	21.70	18.20	1.48	8.15
	兴安落叶松林	14.14	22.77	17.94	1.99	11.08
平均树高/m mean tree height	白桦林	10.98	14.67	12.87	1.16	9.00
	兴安落叶松-白桦混交林	9.69	15.32	11.98	1.31	10.96
	兴安落叶松林	9.51	16.48	11.73	1.61	13.74
平均胸径/cm mean DBH	白桦林	11.26	23.96	13.46	2.50	18.59
	兴安落叶松-白桦混交林	9.79	16.65	12.48	1.50	12.05
	兴安落叶松林	8.88	29.10	13.78	3.60	26.13
株数密度/(株·hm^-2) density	白桦林	650	1 700	1 036	248	23.95
	兴安落叶松-白桦混交林	800	2 667	1 597	516	32.31
	兴安落叶松林	533	2 360	1 531	484	31.59
断面积/(m²·hm^-2) basal area	白桦林	8.62	29.32	14.37	4.34	30.17
	兴安落叶松-白桦混交林	10.77	27.97	18.82	4.25	22.58
	兴安落叶松林	11.48	156.93	23.61	21.91	92.80
兴安落叶松蓄积比例/% percent of Larix gmelinii	白桦林	0.00	28.55	8.35	8.75	104.79
	兴安落叶松-白桦混交林	15.44	64.92	47.67	12.74	26.73
	兴安落叶松林	65.42	99.04	81.44	9.78	12.01
白桦蓄积比例/% percent of Betula platyphylla	白桦林	64.78	100.00	88.12	12.18	13.82
	兴安落叶松-白桦混交林	1.21	66.75	36.39	18.82	51.72
	兴安落叶松林	0.80	31.86	12.99	8.72	67.13

参数 parameter	白桦B. platyphylla			兴安落叶松L. gmelinii
参数 parameter	估计值 estimate value	VIF	P	估计值 estimate value	VIF	P
a₀	-9.998 4	—	<0.000 1	-9.085 7	—	<0.000 1
a₁	6.890 1	1.096 1	<0.000 1	6.889 1	1.204 6	<0.000 1
a₂	0.128 6	1.651 0	<0.000 1	0.929 0	2.619 5	<0.000 1
a₃	0.768 2	2.786 9	<0.000 1	-0.509 5	2.598 9	<0.000 1
a₄	-0.428 0	1.625 3	<0.000 1	0.002 1	1.064 7	0.001 3
a₅	-0.006 1	1.368 7	<0.000 1	-0.013 1	1.193 2	<0.000 1

林分类型 stand type	变量 variable	贡献率/% percent of contribution
兴安落叶松林 L. gmelinii	ln D_BH	83.31
	H_M	10.44
	D_MBH	5.68
	P_BH	0.44
	P_LYS	0.12
白桦林 B. platyphylla	ln D_BH	81.75
	H_M	10.38
	H_D	3.29
	D_MBH	2.82
	P_BH	1.75

树种 species	模型代号 model code	参数数量 number	参数 parameter	赤池信息准则AIC	贝叶斯信息准则BIC	负对数似然值-Log Likelihood	收敛比例/% PerCov	似然比检验 LRT	P
兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	L0	7		22 613.99	22 660.76	-11 300.00	—	—	—
	L1	8	a₃	22 583.98	22 637.42	-11 283.99	100	31.699 8	<0.000 1
	L2	10	a₀、a₁	22 527.26	22 594.07	-11 253.63	100	60.714 7	<0.000 1
	L3	13	a₀、a₁、a₂	22 524.14	22 610.98	-11 249.07	95	9.127 5	0.027 6
	L4	17	a₀、a₁、a₂、a₃	22 531.83	22 645.39	-11 248.91	67	0.312 6	0.989 0
白桦 B. platyphylla	B0	7		14 592.74	14 636.38	-7 299.37	—	—	—
	B1	8	a₂	14 582.44	14 632.31	-7 283.22	100	31.977 0	<0.000 1
	B2	10	a₁、a₄	14 564.45	14 626.78	-7 272.23	100	21.994 6	<0.000 1
	B3	13	a₁、a₄、a₅	14 562.21	14 643.24	-7 268.1	85	8.240 6	0.041 3
	B4	17	a₁、a₂、a₄、a₅	14 566.91	14 672.87	-7 266.45	27	3.302 3	0.508 6

树种 species	模块 module	结构 structure	参数数量 number	赤池信息准则AIC	贝叶斯信息准则BIC	负对数似然值-Log Likelihood	似然比检验 LRT	P
兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	方差协方差结构 structure of variance covariance	pdCompSymm	9	14 604.56	14 660.66	-7 293.28
		pdDiag	10	14 586.91	14 649.25	-7 283.46	19.643 8	<0.000 1
		pdSymm	13	14 562.21	14 643.24	-7 268.1	30.705 4	<0.000 1
	异方差函数 heteroscedasticity function	varExp	14	14 543.06	14 630.33	-7 257.53
		varPower	14	14 539.39	14 626.65	-7 255.69
		varConstPower	15	14 541.39	14 634.88	-7 255.69	0.000 1	0.991 6
白桦 B. platyphylla	方差协方差结构 structure of variance- covariance	pdCompSymm	9	22 591.48	22 651.60	-11 286.74
		pdDiag	10	22 587.44	22 654.24	-11 283.72	6.046 9	0.013 9
		pdSymm	13	22 524.14	22 610.98	-11 249.07	69.299 0	<0.000 1
	异方差函数 heteroscedasticity function	varExp	14	22 376.32	22 469.84	-11 174.16
		varPower	14	22 354.29	22 447.81	-11 163.15
		varConstPower	15	22 356.29	22 456.49	-11 163.15	0.000 1	0.993 6

Modelling height-diameter curves of main species for natural forests based on species composition in Greater Khingan Mountains, northeast China

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