Morphological and physiological responses of male and female Ginkgo biloba to temperature changes

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209064

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 150-158.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209064

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Morphological and physiological responses of male and female Ginkgo biloba to temperature changes

WU Changfeng(), GUO Jing, WANG Guibin^*()

Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forstry University,Nanjing 210037,China

Received:2022-09-28 Revised:2022-11-21 Online:2024-07-30 Published:2024-08-05
Contact: WANG Guibin E-mail:cfwu@njfu.edu.cn;gbwang@njfu.com.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study investigated the response mechanism of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) to temperature changes and its gender differences, and clarified the relationship between changes in ginkgo morphology and physiological indexes and their corresponding temperature adaptation.【Method】We explored the response of male and female ginkgo trees to temperature changes under field conditions by measuring the growth index, anatomical structure, and metabolite content of adult ginkgo trees in five areas with an average annual precipitation of 990-1 200 mm and average annual temperatures of 9.8, 14.4, 16.3, 18.0 and 19.8 ℃, respectively.【Result】Under suitable living conditions, the leaf area, tree height, breast diameter, photosynthetic rate (Pn), and terpene lactone and polyvalerenol contents increased with the temperature, while the total flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and soluble sugars contents decreased. These indicated that a certain degree of warming was beneficial to the growth and photosynthesis of Ginkgo biloba and increased the content of major metabolites such as terpene lactones and polypentenol, yet it was not promoting the accumulation of antioxidant metabolites. The tree height, leaf area, and total flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and soluble sugar contents of male plants were marked higher than those of female plants, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) was lower than that of female plants.【Conclusion】Under natural conditions, both male and female ginkgo can adjust their morphological characteristics, photosynthetic strategies, and metabolite contents according to different temperature conditions to ensure the normal growth of individuals. The annual average temperature of 16.3-18.0 ℃ is the optimal environmental temperature for G. biloba growth. There exist gender differences in the adaptation of G. biloba to temperature, with the male plant exhibiting a superior ability to adapt to temperature changes.

Key words: Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo), male and female plants, temperature, leaf morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, metabolic index

CLC Number:

S792.95

WU Changfeng, GUO Jing, WANG Guibin. Morphological and physiological responses of male and female Ginkgo biloba to temperature changes[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(4): 150-158.

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编号 No.	采集地址 provenance	经纬度 longitude and latitude	累年年均气温/℃ annual average temperature	累年年均降水量/mm cumulative annual precipitation	海拔/m altitude
1	辽宁丹东 Liaoning Dandong	124.378°E, 40.174°N	9.8	991.0	13.1
2	江苏大丰 Jiangsu Dafeng	120.556°E, 33.176°N	14.4	1 066.9	3.1
3	湖北安陆 Hubei Anlu	113.397°E, 31.333°N	16.3	1 101.1	53.7
4	四川宜宾 Sichuan Yibin	104.638°E, 28.757°N	18.0	1 017.6	160.0
5	云南文山 Yunnan Wenshan	105.641°E, 23.628°N	19.8	1 191.5	680.0

变异来源 source of variation	树高 tree height		胸径 breast diameter		单叶面积 single leaf area		叶上表皮细胞厚度 thickness of upper epidermal cells of leaves		叶片厚度 leaf thickness
变异来源 source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
温度temperature	6.277	0.004	2.823	0.045	4.127	0.013	6.94	0.001	4.126	0.013
性别gender	6.497	0.023	0.221	0.642	26.319	<0.001	1.467	0.240	0.747	0.398
互作间interaction	1.023	0.429	0.318	0.863	3.276	0.032	0.853	0.509	0.940	0.461

变异来源 source of variation	胞间CO₂浓度 Ci		净光合速率 Pn		气孔导度 Gs		蒸腾速率 Tr
变异来源 source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
温度temperature	23.175	<0.001	25.867	<0.001	48.564	<0.001	10.739	<0.001
性别gender	102.295	<0.001	5.690	0.022	46.075	<0.001	37.372	<0.001
互作间interaction	20.600	<0.001	4.977	0.003	14.267	<0.001	17.231	<0.001

变异来源 source of variation	总黄酮total flavone		萜内酯terpene lactone		聚戊烯醇polypentenol
变异来源 source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P
温度 temperature	29.726	<0.001	615.822	<0.001	103.652	<0.001
性别 gender	12.989	0.002	1.023	0.324	0.396	0.536
互作间 interaction	3.204	0.035	15.017	<0.001	25.019	<0.001

变异来源 source of variation	多酚含量 polyphenol content		多糖含量 polysaccharide content		可溶性糖含量 soluble sugar content
变异来源 source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P
温度 temperature	20.703	<0.001	43.817	<0.001	11.229	<0.001
性别 gender	43.657	<0.001	75.449	<0.001	8.795	0.008
互作间 interaction	12.559	<0.001	12.675	<0.001	2.319	0.092

Morphological and physiological responses of male and female Ginkgo biloba to temperature changes

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[3]	WANG Gaiping, ZHANG Lei, CAO Fuliang, DING Yanpeng, ZHAO Qun, ZHAO Huiqin, WANG Zheng. Effect of red and blue light quality on growth physiological and flavonoid content of Ginkgo biloba seedlings [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(2): 105-112.
[4]	ZHAO Xiaolong, SHEN Jiayi, LIU Tao, WU Jiasheng, HU Yuanyuan. Seasonal variations in photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant characteristics of the current and one year-old leaves in Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’ [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(2): 45-50.
[5]	WEI Jing, TAN Xing, WANG Changsheng, YAN Rui, LI Linke, NING Yue, LIU Yun. Comparison of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of introduced Acer rubrum on two purple soils [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(1): 97-105.
[6]	GUO Congcong, SHEN Yongbao, SHI Fenghou. Effects of temperature on stored substance metabolism and enzyme activity during germination of Pinus bungeana seeds [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(6): 25-34.
[7]	LIANG Wenchao, BU Xing, LUO Siqian, XIE Yinfeng, HU Jialing, ZHANG Wangxiang. Effects of fertilization on the leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(5): 114-120.
[8]	FAN Boqing, LIU Dongyun, WANG Siyuan, Muhammad·Amir·Siddique . Spatio-temporal evolution of surface temperature in urban green space: a case study within the Sixth Ring Road in Beijing [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(5): 197-204.
[9]	JIA Ruirui, ZHU Yanyan, YANG Xiulian, FU Yu, YUE Yuanzheng, WANG Lianggui. Effects of different rootstocks on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of grafted seedlings of Catalpa bungei [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(5): 97-106.
[10]	ZHANG Yinfeng, CAI Hongyue, PENG Jingen, LIU Xuejun, XIE Lijuan, ZHANG Hua, WANG Yanmei. Effects of different planting environments on the growth of Rhododendron moulmainense in Shenzhen urban parks [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(2): 197-204.
[11]	DU Zhiqi, MENG Qingfan, FENG Lichao, GE Jiarong, HUANG Jinbin, SHI Jingjing, LI Hongrui, CEN Zucai. Effects of soil different preservation time on the soil animals separation results of Oribatida and Collembola by low temperature storage [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(2): 213-218.
[12]	WANG Lichao, CHEN Fengmao, DONG Xiaoyan, TIAN Chenglian, WANG Yang. A study on feeding and oviposition characteristics of Monochamus alternatus [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(2): 219-224.
[13]	LI Hui, HAO Dejun, XU Tian, DAI Lulu. The effects of heat stress on herbivorous insects: an overview and future directions [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(6): 215-224.
[14]	LI Zhenshuang, WANG Qian, ZHU Yuan, YANG Fucheng, LIANG Junfeng, LU Junkun. Effects of exogenous signal substances on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Santalum album seedlings [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(6): 271-278.
[15]	ZHANG Qingyuan, TIAN Ye, WANG Miao, ZHAI Zheng, ZHOU Shichao. Phenotypic traits differentiations and classifications of the F₁ hybrid progenies of Populus deltoides × P. cathayana at the seedling stage [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(5): 40-48.