A comparative study on leaf characters between diploid and tetraploid of Cyclocarya paliurus

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202305024

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 76-84.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202305024

Special Issue: 专题报道Ⅱ：乡村振兴视域下药用树种青钱柳培育研究

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A comparative study on leaf characters between diploid and tetraploid of Cyclocarya paliurus

LIU Xialan¹(), SONG Ziqi¹, HU Fengrong², SHANG Xulan¹^,^*()

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2023-05-23 Revised:2023-06-19 Online:2024-07-30 Published:2024-08-05
Contact: SHANG Xulan E-mail:68465983@qq.com;shangxulan@njfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To compare the differences in leaf phenotypes characters, anatomical structures and stomatal characteristics between diploid and tetraploid Cyclocarya paliurus, we obtained data on the leaf characteristics of C. paliurus with different ploidy.【Method】Diploid and tetraploid seedlings of C. paliurus were used as study materials, and 32 leaf traits were measured. Independent samples t-tests, a correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted.【Result】There were no significant differences between diploid and tetraploid seedlings for sawtooth width and the position of the maximum leaf width of the middle leaflet. For the other 30 leaf traits, there were significant or extremely significant differences between diploid and tetraploid seedlings. Among them, the number of leaflets of tetraploids was significantly less than that of diploids, while the area and specific leaf weight of compound leaves of tetraploids were significantly greater than those of diploids. The length, width and area of the terminal and middle leaflets of tetraploids were significantly greater than those of diploids, while the leaf shape index was significantly smaller than that of diploids. The sawtooth density of tetraploids was significantly smaller than that of diploids. The leaflet thickness, the upper epidermis thickness, lower epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness, and sponge tissue thickness of tetraploids were all significantly higher than those of diploids, while the ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue and cell tense ratio were significantly smaller than those of diploids. The stomatal length and width of tetraploids were significantly greater than those of diploids, while the stomatal density was significantly smaller than that of diploids. The correlation analysis results indicated that there were broad and significant correlations between the phenotypic characteristics, anatomical structure, and stomatal characteristics of C. paliurus. The indicators reflecting the differences of leaf characteristics between diploid and tetraploid C. paliurus were extracted by a PCA, including leaflet width, leaflet area, leaf shape index, sponge tissue thickness, stomatal length, palisade tissue thickness and cell tense ratio.【Conclusion】There were significant differences in leaf traits between diploid and tetraploid C. paliurus, and leaf phenotypic characteristics, such as leaflet width, leaflet area, and leaf shape index, can be used for the preliminary screening of diploid and tetraploid C. paliurus.

Key words: Cyclocarya paliurus, polyploid, phenotypic characters, anatomical structure, stomatal characteristics

CLC Number:

S722

LIU Xialan, SONG Ziqi, HU Fengrong, SHANG Xulan. A comparative study on leaf characters between diploid and tetraploid of Cyclocarya paliurus[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(4): 76-84.

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倍性ploidy	复叶面积/cm² CLA	比叶质量 /(g·cm^-2) SLW	小叶数/枚 LN
二倍体diploid	219.54±16.67(7.59)	0.002 7±0.000 3(10.12)	12.83±1.47^**(11.43)
四倍体tetraploid	394.62±96.92^**(24.56)	0.004 2±0.001 1^**(26.94)	10.17±0.89(8.72)

性状 trait	顶端小叶 terminal leaflet		中部小叶 middle leaflet
性状 trait	二倍体diploid	四倍体tetraploid	二倍体diploid	四倍体tetraploid
叶长/cm LL	10.56±1.46(13.83)	14.72±2.20^**(14.94)	10.08±0.87(8.61)	13.42±1.90^**(14.15)
叶宽/cm LW	4.05±0.61(15.12)	6.54±0.97^**(14.86)	3.35±0.30(8.98)	5.20±0.55^**(10.5)
叶形指数 LSI	2.63±0.32^**(12.06)	2.27±0.28(12.51)	3.02±0.23^**(7.51)	2.58±0.30(11.55)
小叶面积/cm² LA	25.65±6.66(25.98)	59.70±17.07^**(28.59)	20.89±2.33(11.15)	47.22±12.13^**(25.68)
最大叶宽位置 MLWP	0.86±0.12^**(14.43)	0.48±0.05(9.59)	0.58±0.31(53.81)	0.51±0.03(5.18)
锯齿密度 /(个·cm^-1)SD	7.02±1.08^**(15.39)	4.60±0.79(17.11)	5.32±0.82^**(15.36)	3.89±0.70(18.05)
锯齿宽度/mm SWW	1.64±0.21(12.54)	2.70±0.41^**(15.22)	2.42±0.45(18.56)	2.60±0.63(24.1)
锯齿深度/mm SWD	0.59±0.09^**(15.19)	0.42±0.08(18.94)	0.30±0.07(22.27)	0.49±0.22^**(45.97)
锯齿与叶缘间角度/(°) LSA	78.75±8.80(11.17)	106.52±11.91^**(11.18)	75.06±7.59(10.11)	88.1±7.63^**(8.66)

倍性 ploidy	组织厚度/μm tissue thickness					栅海比 P/S	紧密度 CTR	疏松度 SR
倍性 ploidy	叶片 LT	上表皮 UE	下表皮 LE	栅栏组织 PT	海绵组织 ST	栅海比 P/S	紧密度 CTR	疏松度 SR
二倍体 diploid	43.00±4.82 (11.21)	5.98±0.67 (11.28)	3.78±0.68 (18)	19.72±2.62 (13.29)	13.52±2.28 (16.89)	1.49±0.25^** (16.62)	0.46±0.04^* (7.94)	0.31±0.03 (9.68)
四倍体 tetraploid	56.24±8.17^** (14.53)	6.71±1.08^** (16.07)	5.46±0.97^** (17.8)	24.39±5.72^** (23.46)	19.68±3.39^** (17.23)	1.25±0.30 (23.99)	0.43±0.06 (14.22)	0.35±0.04^** (10.83)

倍性 ploidy	气孔长度/μm SL	气孔宽度/μm SW	气孔密度 / (个·mm^-2)STD
二倍体 diploid	15.62±1.21 (7.72)	10.68±0.94 (8.77)	657.1±105.52^** (16.06)
四倍体 tetraploid	20.27±1.39^** (6.85)	13.43±1.46^** (10.85)	361.27±90.25 (24.98)

性状 trait	主成分 principal component
性状 trait	PC₁	PC₂
复叶面积 CLA	0.873	0.297
比叶质量 SLW	0.652	-0.282
小叶数量 LN	-0.770	0.050
顶端小叶叶长 TLL	0.859	0.389
顶端小叶叶宽 TLW	0.917	-0.039
顶端小叶叶形指数 TLSI	-0.519	0.634
顶端小叶面积 TLA	0.908	0.195
顶端小叶最大叶宽位置 TMLWP	-0.883	0.209
顶端小叶锯齿密度 TSD	-0.796	0.104
顶端小叶锯齿宽度 TSWW	0.839	-0.102
顶端小叶锯齿深度 TSWD	-0.655	0.142
顶端小叶锯齿与叶缘间的角度 TLSA	0.764	-0.183
中部小叶叶长 MLL	0.848	0.436
中部小叶叶宽 MLW	0.959	0.014
中部小叶叶形指数 MLSI	-0.594	0.628
中部小叶面积 MLA	0.922	0.225
中部小叶锯齿密度 MSD	-0.728	-0.072
中部小叶锯齿深度 MSWD	0.614	0.390
中部小叶锯齿与叶缘间的角度 MLSA	0.588	-0.183
特征值(λ)eigen value	11.676	1.708
贡献率 /% contribution rate	61.455	8.991
累计贡献率 /% cumulative contribution rate	61.455	70.446

A comparative study on leaf characters between diploid and tetraploid of Cyclocarya paliurus

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性状 trait	主成分 principal components
性状 trait	PC₁	PC₂
叶片厚度 LT	0.798	0.538
上表皮厚度 UE	0.512	-0.045
下表皮厚度 LE	0.848	0.059
栅栏组织厚度 PT	0.426	0.872
海绵组织厚度 ST	0.921	0.162
栅海比 P/S	-0.659	0.725
紧密度 CTR	-0.505	0.848
疏松度 SR	0.729	-0.546
气孔长度 SL	0.882	0.117
气孔宽度 SW	0.798	0.136
气孔密度 STD	-0.754	-0.154
特征值(λ)eigen value	5.850	2.679
贡献率/% contribution rate	53.178	24.354
累计贡献率/% cumulative contribution rate	53.178	77.532