Advances in research of wildland-urban interface fires

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303047

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 1-10.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303047

Advances in research of wildland-urban interface fires

WANG Qiuhua¹(), WANG Jin¹, LI Xiaona²^,^*(), MA Cheng¹, HONG Ruicheng¹, CAO Hengmao¹, GAO Zhongliang¹

1. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control, Kunming 650224, China
2. School of Geography and Eco-toursim,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224, China

Received:2023-03-30 Revised:2023-12-28 Online:2024-09-30 Published:2024-10-03
Contact: LI Xiaona E-mail:qhwang2010@swfu.edu.cn;xiaonali_20060429@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

As the wildland-urban interface (WUI) becomes an increasingly important area of focus, the close relationship between human settlements and natural ecosystems such as forests has led to a high incidence of fires. Human activities play significant roles in the occurrence of fires in the WUI, and with rapid urbanization and the construction of forest cities, the complexity and severity of these fires have increased. This paper provides an overview of research progress on fires in the WUI, through literature analysis and case studies. At present, the concept of the WUI in China lacks clarity and standardization, highlighting the need for further research in this area. Future research should focus on expanding the database of interface fire cases and integrating satellite monitoring systems, video surveillance, and big data platforms to establish an early warning and monitoring system for the WUI. In addition, strengthening the research on fire behavior simulation and remote sensing monitoring, especially UAV fire behavior detection technology research on fire behavior simulations and remote sensing monitoring of WUI and unmanned aerial, remote-sensing monitoring and other new technologies will be crucial for providing effective solutions for fire prevention and control in the WUI. This will also contribute to the improvement of management measures, standards, and risk reduction strategies. Overall, the emphasis on new technologies and scientific research will provide a solid foundation for the management and reduction of fire risks in the WUI.

Key words: fire alarming, fire monitoring, fire suppressing, fire behavior models, wildland-urban interface

CLC Number:

S762.3

WANG Qiuhua, WANG Jin, LI Xiaona, MA Cheng, HONG Ruicheng, CAO Hengmao, GAO Zhongliang. Advances in research of wildland-urban interface fires[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(5): 1-10.

Figures/Tables 2

References 84

[1]	LEIN J K, STUMP N I. Assessing wildfire potential within the wildland-urban interface: a southeastern Ohio example[J]. Appl Geogr, 2009, 29(1): 21-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2008.06.002.
[2]	陈宇锋, 钱久李, 黎华寿, 等. 贺州市城乡交错区的生态功能、生态模式与生态建设对策[J]. 生态科学, 2017, 36(1):236-243.
	CHEN Y F, QIAN J L, LI H S, et al. Ecological functions, landscape patterns and ecological construction countermeasures of the rural-urban interact region in Hezhou City[J]. Ecol Sci, 2017, 36(1): 236-243.DOI:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2017.01.033.
[3]	CONEDERA M, TONINI M, OLEGGINI L, et al. Geospatial approach for defining the wildland-urban interface in the Alpine environment[J]. Comput Environ Urban, 2015, 52:10-20.DOI: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2015.02.003.
[4]	王海晖. 交界域火灾现象和预防对策探讨[J]. 森林防火, 2008(4):13-15.
	WANG H H. Discussion on the fire phenomenon in the boundary area and its preventive countermeasures[J]. J Wiland Fire Sci, 2008(4):13-15.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2511.2008.04.007.
[5]	韩杏容. 中国林业生态工程管理信息化建设研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2007.
	HAN X R. Study on the management informatization construction of forestry ecological engineering in China[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2007.
[6]	张乐勤, 陈素平, 王文琴, 等. 快速城镇化背景下建设用地扩展驱动力研究述评与展望[J]. 干旱区地理, 2013, 36(1):164-175.
	ZHANG L Q, CHEN S P, WANG W Q, et al. Review and prospect on driving force research of construction land expansion in the context of rapid urbanization[J]. Arid Land Geogr, 2013, 36(1):164-175.DOI: 10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2013.01.018.
[7]	周锐. 快速城镇化地区城镇扩展的生态安全格局[J]. 城市发展研究, 2013, 21(8):82-87,100.
	ZHOU R. Ecological security pattern of urban growth in rapid urbanization area[J]. Urban Dev Stud, 2013, 21(8):82-87,100.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-3862.2013.08.014.
[8]	吴后建, 但新球, 程红, 等. 中国国家森林城市发展现状存在问题和发展对策[J]. 林业资源管理, 2017(5):14-19,119.
	WU H J, DAN X Q, CHENG H, et al. Status quo,challenges and strategies of national forest city development in China[J]. For Resour Manag, 2017(5):14-19, 119.DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2017.05.004.
[9]	周岩. 新时代我国森林城市群建设现状与展望[J]. 世界林业研究, 2020, 33(4):82-87.
	ZHOU Y. Present state and prospect of China’s forest city cluster development in the new era[J]. World For Res, 2020, 33(4):82-87.DOI: 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2020.0059.y.
[10]	MELL W E, MANZELLO S L, MARANGHIDES A, et al. The wildland-urban interface fire problem-current approaches and research needs[J]. Int J Wildland Fire, 2010, 19(2):238.DOI: 10.1071/wf07131.
[11]	STEWART S I, RADELOFF V C, HAMMER R B, et al. Defining the wildland-urban interface[J]. J Forest, 2007, 105(4): 201-207. DOI: 10.1093/jof/105.4.201.
[12]	DE TORRES CURTH M, BISCAYART C, GHERMANDI L, et al. Wildland-urban interface fires and socioeconomic conditions:a case study of a northwestern Patagonia City[J]. Environ Manag, 2012, 49(4):876-891.DOI: 10.1007/s00267-012-9825-6.
[13]	BAR-MASSADA A, RADELOFF V C, STEWART S I. Biotic and abiotic effects of human settlements in the wildland-urban interface[J]. BioScience, 2014, 64(5):429-437.DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu039.
[14]	ARGAÑARAZ J P, RADELOFF V C, BAR-MASSADA A, et al. Assessing wildfire exposure in the wildland-urban interface area of the mountains of central Argentina[J]. J Environ Manage, 2017, 196:499-510.DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.058.
[15]	STURTEVANT B R, CLELAND D T. Human and biophysical factors influencing modern fire disturbance in northern Wisconsin[J]. Int J Wildland Fire, 2007, 16(4):398.DOI: 10.1071/wf06023.
[16]	SYPHARD A D, RADELOFF V C, KEULER N S, et al. Predicting spatial patterns of fire on a southern California landscape[J]. Int J Wildland Fire, 2008, 17(5):602.DOI: 10.1071/wf07087.
[17]	BAR MASSADA A, SYPHARD A D, STEWART S I, et al. Wildfire ignition-distribution modelling:a comparative study in the Huron-Manistee National Forest,Michigan,USA[J]. Int J Wildland Fire, 2013, 22(2):174.DOI: 10.1071/wf11178.
[18]	EWERT A W. The wildland-urban interface:introduction and overview[J]. J Leis Res, 1993, 25(1):1-5.DOI: 10.1080/00222216.1993.11969905.
[19]	LAFORTEZZA R, TANENTZAP A J, ELIA M, et al. Prioritizing fuel management in urban interfaces threatened by wildfires[J]. Ecol Indic, 2015, 48:342-347.DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.034.
[20]	BIASI R, COLANTONI A, FERRARA C, et al. In-between sprawl and fires:long-term forest expansion and settlement dynamics at the wildland-urban interface in Rome,Italy[J]. Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol, 2015, 22(6):467-475.DOI: 10.1080/13504509.2015.1064488.
[21]	魏书精, 罗斯生, 罗碧珍, 等. 气候变化背景下森林火灾发生规律研究[J]. 林业与环境科学, 2020, 36(2):133-143.
	WEI S J, LUO S S, LUO B Z, et al. Occurrence regularity of forest fire under the background of climate change[J]. For Environ Sci, 2020, 36(2):133-143.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4427.2020.02.019.
[22]	胡海清, 魏书精, 孙龙, 等. 气候变化、火干扰与生态系统碳循环[J]. 干旱区地理, 2013, 36(1):57-75.
	HU H Q, WEI S J, SUN L, et al. Interaction among climate change,fire disturbance and ecosystem carbon cycle[J]. Arid Land Geogr, 2013, 36(1):57-75.DOI: 10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2013.01.017.
[23]	胡海清, 罗碧珍, 罗斯生, 等. 林火干扰对森林生态系统碳库的影响研究进展[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(4):160-169.
	HU H Q, LUO B Z, LUO S S, et al. Research progress on effects of forest fire disturbance on carbon pool of forest ecosystem[J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 2020, 56(4):160-169.DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200418.
[24]	田晓瑞, 舒立福, 赵凤君, 等. 气候变化对中国森林火险的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(7):159-169.
	TIAN X R, SHU L F, ZHAO F J, et al. Impacts of climate change on forest fire danger in China[J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 2017, 53(7):159-169.DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170716.
[25]	MOCKRIN M H, HELMERS D, MARTINUZZI S, et al. Growth of the wildland-urban interface within and around US National Forests and Grasslands,1990-2010[J]. Landsc Urban Plan, 2022, 218:104283.DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104283.
[26]	THEOBALD D M, ROMME W H. Expansion of the US wildland-urban interface[J]. Landsc Urban Plan, 2007, 83(4):340-354.DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.06.002.
[27]	JIM M, ADRIAN B, SEAN C, et al. Maintaining volunteer firefighter numbers:adding value to the retention coin[J]. Aust J Emerg Manag THE, 2009, 24(2):40-47.
[28]	GAUDET B, SIMEONI A, GWYNNE S, et al. A review of post-incident studies for wildland-urban interface fires[J]. J Saf Sci Resil, 2020, 1(1):59-65.DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlssr.2020.06.010.
[29]	JOHNSTON L M, FLANNIGAN M D. Mapping Canadian wildland fire interface areas[J]. Int J Wildland Fire, 2018, 27(1):1.DOI: 10.1071/wf16221.
[30]	GALIANA-MARTIN L, HERRERO G, SOLANA J. A wildland-urban interface typology for forest fire risk management in Mediterranean areas[J]. Landscape Res, 2011, 36(2):151-171.DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2010.549218.
[31]	易浩若, 纪平, 覃先林. 全国森林火险预报系统的研究与运行[J]. 林业科学, 2004, 40(3):203-207.
	YI H R, JI P, QIN X L. Study on forest fire danger forecast system and its operation in China[J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 2004, 40(3):203-207.DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2004.03.036.
[32]	CAMIA A, VARELA V, MARZANO R, et al. Spatial analysis in European wildland-urban interface environments using GIS[C]// International Workshop Forest Fire in the Wildland-Urban Interface and Rural Areas in Europe: an integral planning and management challenge. Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh), Graphic Art and Publishing Unit, 2004.
[33]	张文文, 王秋华, 徐伟恒, 等. 森林火灾中 “爆燃”研究综述[J]. 林业调查规划, 2021, 46(4):61-66,114.
	ZHANG W W, WANG Q H, XU W H, et al. Review on “deflagration” in forest fire[J]. For Invent Plan, 2021, 46(4):61-66,114.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-3168.2021.04.012.
[34]	舒立福, 王明玉, 田晓瑞, 等. 关于森林燃烧火行为特征参数的计算与表述[J]. 林业科学, 2004, 40(3):179-183.
	SHU L F, WANG M Y, TIAN X R, et al. Calculation and description of forest fire behavior characters[J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 2004, 40(3):179-183.DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2004.03.031.
[35]	王霁. 建筑火灾轰燃的影响因素与预测[J]. 安全与环境工程, 2010, 17(1):90-94.
	WANG J. On influential factors and prediction of flashover in buildings[J]. Saf Environ Eng, 2010, 17(1):90-94.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1556.2010.01.023.
[36]	郑泽勋, 李强, 李金梅, 等. 森林(草原)-城镇交界域消防安全探讨[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2020, 39(10):1442-1446.
	ZHENG Z X, LI Q, LI J M, et al. Research on the fire safety of wildland-urban interface[J]. Fire Sci Technol, 2020, 39(10):1442-1446.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0029.2020.10.029.
[37]	洪依霞. 城乡结合部社区消防安全管理研究:以台州市椒江区洪家街道为例[D]. 南昌: 江西农业大学, 2018.
	HONG Y X. Research on community fire safety management in urban and rural areas[D]. Nanchang: Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2018.
[38]	KRIX D W, PHILLIPS M L, MURRAY B R. Relationships among leaf flammability attributes and identifying low-leaf-flammability species at the wildland-urban interface[J]. Int J Wildland Fire, 2019, 28(4):295.DOI: 10.1071/wf18167.
[39]	高仲亮, 陈鹏宇, 舒立福, 等. 森林-城镇交界域火灾的致灾因素分析[J]. 森林防火, 2013(2):25-28.
	GAO Z L, CHEN P Y, SHU L F, et al. Analysis of disaster-causing factors of forest-town boundary fire[J]. J Wildland Fire Sci, 2013(2):25-28.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2511.2013.02.008.
[40]	COHEN J D. Wildland-urban fire: a different approach[R]. Missoula, MT: Proceedings of the Firefigther Safety Summit, International Association of Wildland Fire, 2001: 6-8.
[41]	王劲, 张文文, 王秋华, 等. 地中海沿岸主要国家林火管理综述及对我国的启示[J]. 世界林业研究, 2022, 35(5):107-112.
	WANG J, ZHANG W W, WANG Q H, et al. Review of forest fire management in Mediterranean countries and its enlightenment to China[J]. World For Res, 2022, 35(5):107-112.DOI: 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2022.0038.y.
[42]	MARANGHIDES A, MELL W. A case study of a community affected by the witch and guejito wildland fires[J]. Fire Technol, 2011, 47(2):379-420.DOI: 10.1007/s10694-010-0164-y.
[43]	王新, 陈海翔, 刘乃安, 等. 火旋风环境中飞火颗粒的上升行为研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2011, 11(6):177-180.
	WANG X, CHEN H X, LIU N A, et al. Study on the ascending behavior of firebrands in fire whirling[J]. J Saf Environ, 2011, 11(6):177-180.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6094.2011.06.041.
[44]	丁鹏飞, 王苏盼. 不同燃烧状态飞火颗粒自由燃烧规律研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2021, 42(4):1063-1069.
	DING P F, WANG S P. Free combustion of firebrands in different combustion states[J]. J Eng Thermophys, 2021, 42(4):1063-1069.
[45]	王新, 陈海翔. 城市火灾中飞火蔓延距离计算方法研究[J]. 火灾科学, 2011, 20(2):75-80.
	WANG X, CHEN H X. Propagation distance of firebrands in large-scale urban fires[J]. Fire Saf Sci, 2011, 20(2):75-80.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5309.2011.02.001.
[46]	王秋华, 舒立福, 李世友. 云南松林燃烧过程中飞火的研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2011, 7(1):48-53.
	WANG Q H, SHU L F, LI S Y. Study on spotting of Pinus yunnanensis forest during burning[J]. J Saf Sci Technol, 2011, 7(1):48-53.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-193X.2011.01.010.
[47]	王秋华, 徐盛基, 李世友, 等. 云南松林飞火形成的火环境研究[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2013, 30(2):263-268.
	WANG Q H, XU S J, LI S Y, et al. Fire environment of spot fires in a Pinus yunnanensis forest[J]. J Zhejiang A F Univ, 2013, 30(2):263-268.
[48]	MANZELLO S L, SUZUKI S, NII D. Full-scale experimental investigation to quantify building component ignition vulnerability from mulch beds attacked by firebrand showers[J]. Fire Technol, 2017, 53(2):535-551.DOI: 10.1007/s10694-015-0537-3.
[49]	翁韬, 魏涛, 蔡昕, 等. 城市森林交界域树冠火多树辐射理论与模拟实验研究[J]. 自然科学进展, 2007, 17(8):1098-1104.
	WENG T, WEI T, CAI X, et al. Theoretical and simulation experimental study on multi-tree radiation of crown fire in urban forest boundary area[J]. Progress In Natural Science, 2007, 17(8):1098-1104.DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-008x.2007.08.012.
[50]	张贵, 龙朝夕, 邓妮娜, 等. 森林火灾恢复力评价研究[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2015, 35(9):9-12.
	ZHANG G, LONG Z X, DENG N N, et al. Evaluation researches on forest fire resilience[J]. J Cent South Univ For Technol, 2015, 35(9):9-12.DOI: 10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2015.09.002.
[51]	谷雨, 刘昕, 邓红兵. 基于层次分析法的重庆市城乡结合部生态系统健康评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2010, 30(11):1573-1578.
	GU Y, LIU X, DENG H B. Ecosystem health assessment of urban-rural ecotone in Chongqing based on the analytic hierarchy process[J]. China Environ Sci, 2010, 30(11):1573-1578.
[52]	CALKIN D E, COHEN J D, FINNEY M A, et al. How risk management can prevent future wildfire disasters in the wildland-urban interface[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2014, 111(2):746-751.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1315088111.
[53]	KANEVSKI M, PEREIRA M G. Local fractality:the case of forest fires in Portugal[J]. Physica A, 2017, 479:400-410.DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2017.02.086.
[54]	HARDY C C, RIGGIN P J. Demonstration and integration of systems for fire remote sensing, ground-based fire measurement, and fire modeling[R]. Joint Fire Science Program Grant, 2013.
[55]	MANZELLO S L, PARK S H, CLEARY T G. Development of rapidly deployable instrumentation packages for data acquisition in wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires[J]. Fire Saf J, 2010, 45(5):327-336.DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2010.06.005.
[56]	MASSADA B A, RADELOFF V C, STEWART S I. Allocating fuel breaks to optimally protect structures in the wildland-urban interface[J]. Int J Wildland Fire, 2011, 20(1):59.DOI: 10.1071/wf09041.
[57]	MOLINA A, LITTLE J, DRURY S, et al. Homeowner preferences for wildfire risk mitigation in the Alaskan wildland urban interface[J]. Sustainability, 2021, 13(21):11754.DOI: 10.3390/su132111754.
[58]	ŞAHAN E A, KÖSE N, GÜNER H T, et al. Multi-century spatiotemporal patterns of fire history in black pine forests,Turkey[J]. For Ecol Manag, 2022, 518:120296.DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120296.
[59]	LAMPIN-MAILLET C, BOUILLON C. WUImap: a software tool for mapping wildland-urban interfaces in mediterranean European context[J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 2011, 5(5):485-497.
[60]	CHU T, GUO X L. Remote sensing techniques in monitoring post-fire effects and patterns of forest recovery in boreal forest regions:a review[J]. Remote Sens, 2013, 6(1):470-520.DOI: 10.3390/rs6010470.
[61]	牟怀义. 高分1号卫星遥感影像监测林地动态变化研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2016, 31(4):221-226.
	MOU H Y. Monitoring dynamic changes of forest land by using remote sensing images of GF-1 satellite[J]. J Northwest For Univ, 2016, 31(4):221-226.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2016.04.37.
[62]	何瑞瑞, 赵凤君, 曾玉婷, 等. 多源遥感影像在森林火灾监测中的应用[J]. 世界林业研究, 2022, 35(2):59-63.
	HE R R, ZHAO F J, ZENG Y T, et al. Application of multisource remote sensing imagery to forest fire monitoring[J]. World For Res, 2022, 35(2):59-63.DOI: 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2021.0097.y.
[63]	黄武彪, 栾海军, 李大成. 基于时空融合技术的森林火灾遥感动态监测[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2022, 31(1):265-276.
	HUANG W B, LUAN H J, LI D C. Remote sensing dynamic monitoring of forest fire based on spatiotemporal fusion technology[J]. J Nat Disasters, 2022, 31(1):265-276.DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2022.0125.
[64]	唐尧, 王立娟, 邓琮, 等. 高分遥感技术助力森林火灾应急扑救及隐患预判:以冕宁“4·20”森林火灾为例[J]. 遥感学报, 2021, 25(9):2015-2026.
	TANG Y, WANG L J, DENG C, et al. Research on the emergency response of forest fires in Sichuan with the help of high-definition remote sensing technology:an example of emergency monitoring of forest fires in Mianning“4·20”[J]. Natl Remote Sens Bull, 2021, 25(9):2015-2026.
[65]	卜静, 蔡子良. 遥感技术在火灾后林业经济损失评估中的应用[J]. 灾害学, 2021, 36(3):47-50,56.
	BU J, CAI Z L. Application of remote sensing technology in forest economic loss assessment after fire[J]. J Catastrophology, 2021, 36(3):47-50,56.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2021.03.009.
[66]	刘树超, 陈小中, 覃先林, 等. 内蒙古毕拉河林场森林火灾受害程度遥感评价[J]. 林业资源管理, 2018(1):90-95,140.
	LIU S C, CHEN X Z, QIN X L, et al. Remote sensing assessment of forest fire damage degree in Bilahe forest farm,inner Mongolia[J]. For Resour Manag, 2018(1):90-95, 140.DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2018.01.013.
[67]	ARIF M, ALGHAMDI K K, SAHEL S A, et al. Role of machine learning algorithms in forest fire management: a literature review[J]. J Robot Autom, 2021, 5: 212-226.DOI: 10.36959/673/372.
[68]	张晓迪, 李明泽, 王斌, 等. 基于红外序列图像的火线实时提取及蔓延模拟火线优化[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 47(6):192-202.
	ZHANG X D, LI M Z, WANG B, et al. Real-time extraction of fire line and optimization of spread simulation fire line based on infrared sequence images[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2023, 47(6):192-202. DOI: 10.12302/i.issn.1000-2006.202207036.
[69]	李史欣, 张福全, 林海峰. 基于机器学习算法的森林火灾风险评估研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 47(5):49-56.
	LI S X, ZHANG F Q, LIN H F, et al. Research on forest fire risk evaluation based on machine learning algorithm[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2023, 47(5):49-56. DOI: 10.12302/i.issn.1000-2006.202202004.
[70]	ANDREWS P L. BehavePlus fire modeling system, version 5.0: Variables[R]. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-213 Revised. Fort Collins, CO: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2009: 111.DOI: https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-GTR-213.
[71]	DRURY S A. Observed versus predicted fire behavior in an Alaskan black spruce forest ecosystem:an experimental fire case study[J]. Fire Ecol, 2019, 15(1):35.DOI: 10.1186/s42408-019-0053-9.
[72]	XIE H T, FAWCETT J E, WANG G G. Fuel dynamics and its implication to fire behavior in loblolly pine-dominated stands after southern pine beetle outbreak[J]. For Ecol Manag, 2020, 466:118130.DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118130.
[73]	HAHN G E, COATES T A, AUST W M, et al. Long-term impacts of silvicultural treatments on wildland fuels and modeled fire behavior in the Ridge and Valley Province,Virginia (USA)[J]. For Ecol Manag, 2021, 496:119475.DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119475.
[74]	MINSAVAGE-DAVIS C D, DAVIES G M. Evaluating the performance of fire rate of spread models in Northern-European Calluna vulgaris heathlands[J]. Fire, 2022, 5(2): 46. DOI: 10.3390/fire5020046.
[75]	ZIGNER K, CARVALHO L M V, PETERSON S, et al. Evaluating the ability of FARSITE to simulate wildfires influenced by extreme, downslope winds in Santa Barbara, California[J]. Fire, 2020, 3(3): 29. DOI: 10.3390/fire3030029.
[76]	ERGIBI M, HESSELN H. Awareness and adoption of FireSmart Canada:barriers and incentives[J]. For Policy Econ, 2020, 119:102271.DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102271.
[77]	WU Z W, HE H S, CHANG Y, et al. Development of customized fire behavior fuel models for boreal forests of northeastern China[J]. Environ Manag, 2011, 48(6):1148-1157.DOI: 10.1007/s00267-011-9707-3.
[78]	王秋华, 肖慧娟, 李世友, 等. 基于BehavePlus的昆明西山国家森林公园潜在火行为研究[J]. 浙江林业科技, 2013, 33(4):43-48.
	WANG Q H, XIAO H J, LI S Y, et al. Study on potential fire behaviors of Xishan national forest park in Kunming using BehavePlus model[J]. J Zhejiang For Sci Technol, 2013, 33(4):43-48.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3776.2013.04.010.
[79]	韩梅, 温鹏, 许惠敏, 等. 北京市十三陵林场油松林地表火行为模拟[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2018, 40(10):95-101.
	HAN M, WEN P, XU H M, et al. Simulation of surface fire behavior of Pinus tabuliformis forest in Ming Tombs Forest Farm in Beijing[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2018, 40(10):95-101.DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180249.
[80]	吴志伟, 贺红士, 胡远满, 等. FARSITE火行为模型的原理、结构及其应用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(2):494-500.
	WU Z W, HE H S, HU Y M, et al. Principle,structure,and application of FARSITE fire behavior model[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2012, 31(2):494-500.DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.2012.0057.
[81]	田晓瑞, 舒立福, 王明玉. 林火增长模型及应用软件[J]. 世界林业研究, 2012, 25(1):25-29.
	TIAN X R, SHU L F, WANG M Y. Fire growth models and software[J]. World For Res, 2012, 25(1):25-29.DOI: 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2012.01.012.
[82]	ARCA B, DUCE P, LACONI M, et al. Evaluation of FARSITE simulator in Mediterranean Maquis[J]. Int J Wildland Fire, 2007, 16(5):563.DOI: 10.1071/wf06070.
[83]	SÁNCHEZ-GUISÁNDEZ M, CUI W, MARTELL D L. FireSmart strategies for wildland urban interface landscapes[C]// Millpress, Rotterdam: Proceedings, IV International Conference on Forest Fire Research, Luso, Coimbra, Portuga. 2002: 121-130.
[84]	PAIS S, AQUILUÉ N, CAMPOS J, et al. Mountain farmland protection and fire-smart management jointly reduce fire hazard and enhance biodiversity and carbon sequestration[J]. Ecosyst Serv, 2020, 44:101143.DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101143.

Metrics

Comments

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

国家 nation	火灾名称 name of fire	过火面积/万hm² fire area	烧毁房屋数量 number of houses burned	死亡人数 death toll	经济损失/亿美元 economic losses
美国 USA	2003年加州雪松火灾 2003 Cedar fire,California	11	3 000	20	20
	2016年田纳西州野火 2016 Sevier County fire Tennessee	—	2 400	14	—
	2018年加州天堂镇火灾 2018 Paradise fire,California	6.2	19 000	85	—
澳大利亚 Australia	2009年“黑色星期六” 2009 “Black Saturday”	41	1 820	210	—
	2019跨年度丛林大火 2019 Annual Forest fires	700	3 000	33	10
加拿大 Canada	2016年麦克默里堡森林火灾 2016 forest fire,Fort McMurray	50	2 400	2	90
希腊 Greece	2007年雅典森林火灾 2007 forest fire, Athens	27	—	64	15
葡萄牙 Portugal	2016年里斯本森林火灾 2016 forest fire, Lisbon	550	1 000	117	3

Advances in research of wildland-urban interface fires

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 2

References 84

Related Articles 2

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

Author

Reader

Reviewer

[1]	WANG Yuchen, MA Jianxiao, LIU Yuhang, BAI Yingjia. The evacuation model of forest tunnel fire based on the characteristics of smoke diffusion [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(6): 177-184.
[2]	YE Zhalong, YAN Bin, SHEN Tingting, NING Kun, LI Huiyu. Analysis of salt tolerance in BpmiR156 overexpression Betula platyphylla [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2020, 44(6): 147-151.