Induction and physiological regulatory mechanism of secondary flowering in Yulannia denudata

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301007

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 97-104.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301007

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Induction and physiological regulatory mechanism of secondary flowering in Yulannia denudata

CHEN Xiangbo¹(), ZHANG Dongmei¹^,^*(), FU Renjie¹, ZHANG Lang¹, SHEN Yamei², LUO Yulan¹, YIN Lijuan¹

1. Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping on Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai 200232, China
2. School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311302, China

Received:2023-01-06 Revised:2023-03-15 Online:2024-09-30 Published:2024-10-03
Contact: ZHANG Dongmei E-mail:cxb7210@163.com;zdm@shsyky.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to achieve the secondary flowering of Yulannia denudata through artificial induction and to explore the physiological regulation mechanism of flower bud differentiation and flowering induction in Y. denudata.【Method】Y. denudata plants were treated with nutrients and hormones. Flower buds were embedded in paraffin and sectioned to observe flower bud development, and endogenous hormone contents in flower buds at different stages were measured.【Result】Flower bud differentiation of Y. denudata began in early May when vegetative growth slowed down and was completed by early June. Secondary flowering within the same year was induced via treatment with exogenous hormones [6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and gibberellin A₃ (GA₃)] alone or in combination with nutrient applications [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sugars]. The secondary flowering rate ranged from 33% to 100%, with the maximum of 22 flowers per plant. During the maturation of flower bud differentiation, the levels of endogenous GA₃ and abscisic acid (ABA) increased. The ABA content in flower buds decreased while breaking dormancy and flowering, whereas the content of endogenous auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and methylindole-3-acetic acid (ME-IAA) increased. Flower buds treated with exogenous cytokinins had higher levels of ME-IAA, IPA, jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and jasmonate (JA), while flower buds treated with exogenous gibberellins (GA₃) had higher levels of endogenous trans-zeatin riboside (tZR), gibberellin A₁ (GA₁), and GA₃. 【Conclusion】Exogenous hormones directly induce secondary flowering in Y. denudata without relying on nutrient treatments. Thus, different hormones may induce secondary flowering through various regulatory pathways.

Key words: Yulannia denudata, differentiation of flower bud, secondary flowering, physiological regulation, nutrition, hormone

CLC Number:

S718
S685

CHEN Xiangbo, ZHANG Dongmei, FU Renjie, ZHANG Lang, SHEN Yamei, LUO Yulan, YIN Lijuan. Induction and physiological regulatory mechanism of secondary flowering in Yulannia denudata[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(5): 97-104.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

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年份 year	处理编号 label		营养肥nutrition			激素hormone
			N、P、K	糖sugar		激素hormone
			平衡肥+KH₂PO₄ balanced fertilization+ KH₂PO₄	海藻糖 trehalose	蔗糖 sucrose	6-BA 6-benzylami- nopurine	GA₃ gibbere- llin A₃	ABA abscisic acid
2020		X0(CK)
		X1	√	√		√
	B1	X2	√	√			√
		X3	√	√				√
		X4	√		√	√
	B2	X5	√		√		√
		X6	√		√			√
		X7①				√
2021		Y0(CK)
		Y1	√	√		√
		Y2	√				√
		Y3				√
		Y4②					√

年份 year	处理 treatment	开花株率/% percentage of flowering plants	单株最大开花量/ (朵·株^-1) maximum flower number per plant	平均单株开花量/ (朵·株^-1) average flower number per plant	二次开花花期 time of secondary flowering
2020	X0	0 C c	0	0 C c	/
	X1	100.0 A a	3	2.0 AB ab	07-14—07-19
	X2	33.0 AB ab	6	2.0 AB ab	07-19—07-23
	X3	0 C c	0	0 C c	/
	X4	50.0 AB ab	2	1.0 AB ab	07-20—07-22
	X5	100.0 A a	2	1.3 AB ab	07-21—07-23
	X6	0 C c	0	0 C c	/
	X7	100.0 A a	6	3.0 A a	08-06—08-11
2021	Y0	0 C c	0	0 D d	/
	Y1	75.0 AB ab	16	6.7 AB ab	07-10—07-28
	Y2	100.0 A a	22	11.8 A a	07-06—08-04
	Y3	66.7 AB ab	2	1.5 BC bc	07-14—07-20
	Y4	100.0 A a	5	5.0 AB ab	07-14—08-10

Induction and physiological regulatory mechanism of secondary flowering in Yulannia denudata

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