The reproductive system and pollination biology of endangered Camellia huana

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304042

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 153-162.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304042

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The reproductive system and pollination biology of endangered Camellia huana

CHEN Juyan¹(), LI He¹, GUO Weizhen², XU Chaoran¹, DENG Lunxiu¹^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang 550005, China
2. Shanghai Botanical Garden, Shanghai 200231, China

Received:2023-04-30 Accepted:2023-09-11 Online:2025-05-30 Published:2025-05-27
Contact: DENG Lunxiu E-mail:252835318@qq.com;449073775@qq.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Camellia huana is a rare and endangered plant endemic to Guizhou province. It is only distributed near Shuangjiang Town, Ceheng County, Guizhou Province, and its natural population is in continuous decline. The floral characteristics, breeding system and pollination biology of C. huana were studied to reveal the life history characteristics of this species and explore the factors affecting its reproductive success, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of corresponding protection and utilization.【Method】In this study, the flowering biology, flower organ characteristics and breeding system, pollen viability, stigma acceptability, cross index and pollination mode of adult plants of C. huana were observed in the wild population and introduced cultivation population.【Result】(1)C. huana bloomed from October to November and average flowering time per plant is 20.57 days.Each plant blossoms 20 flowers per day, and the average flowering time per plant was 139.71 flowers. The population flowering time was about 1-2 months.(2) It is a bisexual flower and 1-3 terminal or axillary flowers. The immature bud is relatively slow, the bud period is 12.47 days on average, and the single flowering period is 4-7 days.(3) The diameter and height of the corolla were 36.85 and 31.94 mm, respectively. The stalk length, calyx width and style length of the wild population were significantly longer than those of the introduced population, while the anther width was slightly smaller than that of the introduced population. (4) The pollen vitality begins at the early stamen showing stage,and they achieve their maximum vitality after the petals have unfolded, and then gradually weakened. Before withering, it still had vitality, but the vitality was weak.The stigma receptivity started from bloom and lasted for one to two days,and the pollen viability was high in the whole florescence.Male and female reproductive units in the duration of the encounter period,but the time is short. The stigma and anther are almost in the same position at the time of flowering,and the relative position of the stamen and style remained unchanged in the whole flowering process.(5)A study of the breeding system indicated that the pollen-ovule ratio was about 122.11,and the crossing index was three.The bagging experiments showed that C. huana was adapted to both wind and insect pollination,After dropping stigma with 10% (mass fraction) sucrose solution, the seed set rate of artificial cross-pollination was twice higher than that of natural pollination.The pollination insects were Dilichovespula saxonica, Vespa velutina and Apis cerana.In the breeding system of this species,out-crossing predominates, although partially self-compatible,it requires pollinators.【Conclusion】C. huana blooms in October to November, the population flowering period is relatively long, the single flower flowering period is 4-7 days, belongs to the bisexual flowers, some males premature and male and female, its breeding system is self-compatible, sometimes need pollinators, anemophilic and entomophilic mixed pollination type.

Key words: Camellia huana, flowering characteristics, breeding system, pollination biology

CLC Number:

S722.8+3

CHEN Juyan, LI He, GUO Weizhen, XU Chaoran, DENG Lunxiu. The reproductive system and pollination biology of endangered Camellia huana[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2025, 49(3): 153-162.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

The floral organ characteristics of C. huana"

花部特征 floral traits	测量指标 measurement index	野外群落 wild population	变异系数/% CV	引种群落 introduction population	变异系数/% CV	总平均值 general average	变异系数/% CV
花冠corolla	直径/mm diameter	37.21±0.28 Aa	6.58	36.49±0.18 Aa	5.32	36.85±0.22	5.95
	高度/mm height	31.23±0.33 Aa	7.19	31.65±0.27 Aa	6.81	31.94±0.30	7.00
花柄stalk	长度/mm length	4.76±0.14 Aa	9.56	3.86±0.25 Bb	20.29	4.31±0.17	18.01
	直径/mm diameter	1.95±0.04 Aa	7.27	1.69±0.14 Aa	26.12	1.82±0.08	18.99
	数量/枚amount	2.60±0.31 Aa	37.16	3.20±0.29 Aa	28.72	2.90±0.22	33.38
苞片bract	长/mm length	1.64±0.08 Aa	24.99	1.75±0.10 Aa	32.54	1.70±0.07	29.56
	宽/mm width	2.18±0.09 Aa	21.67	2.16±0.09 Aa	23.81	2.17±0.06	22.67
	数量/枚amount	5.10±0.10 Aa	6.20	5.00±0.00 Aa	0	5.05±0.05	4.43
花萼calyx	长/mm length	4.12±0.14 Aa	24.93	4.46±0.13 Aa	19.90	4.29±0.10	22.63
	宽/mm width	5.01±0.10 Aa	14.80	4.39±0.11 Bb	18.50	4.71±0.08	17.73
	数量/枚amount	7.05±0.10 Aa	3.80	6.80±0.13 Aa	6.20	6.90±0.07	4.46
花瓣petal	长/mm length	23.48±0.77 Aa	27.47	21.81±0.64 Aa	24.28	22.66±0.51	26.25
	宽/mm width	14.14±0.27 Aa	15.94	14.51±0.35 Aa	19.9	14.32±0.22	18.03
	数量/枚amount	125.60±4.01 Aa	10.10	139.10±5.13 Aa	11.67	132.35±3.53	11.92
花药anther	长/mm length	1.66±0.02 Aa	14.02	1.72±0.03 Aa	20.34	1.69±0.02	17.61
	宽/mm width	0.69±0.02 Aa	32.34	0.95±0.04 Bb	39.22	0.82±0.02	40.41
子房ovary	长/mm length	1.74±0.13 Aa	23.28	1.86±0.11 Aa	18.65	1.80±0.08	20.66
	宽/mm width	2.03±0.06 Aa	9.56	1.80±0.13 Aa	22.65	1.91±0.07	17.33
花柱style	长/mm length	20.34±0.26 Aa	6.80	19.10±0.48 Ab	13.80	19.71±0.28	11.10
	宽/mm width	0.32±0.01 Aa	23.22	0.31±0.02 Aa	26.66	0.31±0.01	24.80
	分离情况 separation condition	底部分离	0	底部分离	0	底部分离	0
	数量/枚amount	125.60±4.01 Aa	10.10	139.10±5.13 Aa	11.67	132.35±3.53	11.92
花丝capillament	长/mm length	16.84±0.25 Aa	14.79	16.48±0.22 Aa	13.14	16.66±0.17	14.02
	宽/mm width	0.61±0.03 Aa	32.19	0.67±0.03 Aa	28.20	0.64±0.02	30.20

Table 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 4

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 5

Fig. 5

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类群 type	始花期 (月-日) early flowering stage (month-day)	盛花期 (月-日) full flowering stage (month-day)	末花期 (月-日) late flowering stage (month-day)	持续时间/d duration day
野生种群 wild population	10-01	10-10— 10-20	10-25— 11-03	34
引种种群 introduced population	09-28— 10-17	10-18— 11-06	11-07— 11-20	54

编号 serial No.	地径/mm ground diameter	分株数/株 number of plantings	植株高/m plant height	冠幅/m×m crown breadth	单日开花最多数/朵 maximum number of flowers per day	花期/d flowering time	花朵总数/朵 total number of flowers
1	38.81	1	2.1	1.6×1.7	38	25.00	311.00
2	38.29	1	2.1	1.6×1.7	24	22.00	208.00
3	36.02	1	2.3	1.7×1.7	26	19.00	179.00
4	37.73	1	1.8	1.5×1.8	14	18.00	145.00
5	30.74	1	2.0	1.3×1.4	10	21.00	52.00
6	35.89	1	1.9	1.5×1.7	13	19.00	37.00
7	30.85	1	1.3	1.4×1.5	15	20.00	46.00
平均值mean	35.48	1	1.93	1.5×1.6	20	20.57	139.71

编号 No.	时期 period	开花天数/d flowering days	花粉活力/% pollen vitality	柱头可授性 stigma acceptability
Ⅰ	花蕾期	-1	0.53 Cd	+/-
Ⅱ	雄蕊初露期	1	54.95 Bc	+
Ⅲ	花瓣展开期	2	94.64 Aa	+++
Ⅳ	盛花期	3	96.17 Aa	++
Ⅴ	花瓣返转期	4	83.60 Ab	+/-
Ⅵ	萎蔫期	5	3.60 Cd	-
Ⅶ	凋谢期	6	0 dC	×

试验号 test code	处理 treatment	授粉花数/朵 number of pollinated flowers	结实数 fruity number	结实率/% setting rate
①	套袋,自花自交	30	3	10.00
②	自然结实	30	8	26.67
③	异花授粉,套袋	43	14	32.56
④	异花授粉,不套袋	37	14	37.84
⑤	去雄,异花授粉,套袋	49	18	36.73
⑥	去雄,异花授粉,不套袋	46	10	21.74
⑦	用10%蔗糖液点滴柱头后, 再异花授粉,套袋	35	17	48.57
⑧	用10%蔗糖液点滴柱头后, 再异花授粉,不套袋	41	25	60.98

The reproductive system and pollination biology of endangered Camellia huana

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[1]	CHEN Juyan, DENG Lunxiu, LI He, LONG Haiyan, XU Chaoran. Effects of shading on growth, development and physiology of two golden camellia species origined in Guizhou Province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(3): 83-90.
[2]	LIN Shuyan, DING Yulong. Studies on the breeding system in Shibataea chinensis and Arundinaria simonii f. heterophylla [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2013, 37(03): 1-5.
[3]	FANG Yanming. Florescence， pollination and breeding systems of forest vegetation [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2012, 36(06): 1-7.