林业碳汇提升的主要原理和途径

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209008

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 167-176.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209008

所属专题：南京林业大学120周年校庆特刊

林业碳汇提升的主要原理和途径

邹晓明¹^,²^,^*(), 王国兵¹^,³, 葛之葳¹^,³, 谢友超⁴, 阮宏华¹^,^*(), 吴小巧⁴, 杨艳⁴

1.南京林业大学生物与环境学院, 江苏南京 210037
3.南京林业大学,中国特色生态文明建设与林业发展研究院碳中和研究中心, 江苏南京 210037
4.江苏省林业局, 江苏南京 210036

收稿日期:2022-09-04 修回日期:2022-10-13 出版日期:2022-11-30 发布日期:2022-11-24
通讯作者: 邹晓明,阮宏华
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD02200403);江苏省林业局揭榜挂帅项目(LYKJ【2022】01);江苏林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ[2022]16);江苏省林业局造林专项(2021-2022)

Mechanisms and methods for augmenting carbon sink in forestry

ZOU Xiaoming¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Guobing¹^,³, GE Zhiwei¹^,³, XIE Youchao⁴, RUAN Honghua¹^,^*(), WU Xiaoqiao⁴, YANG Yan⁴

1. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan PR 00936, USA
2. Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan PR 00936, USA
3. Center for Carbon Balancing, Academy of Chinese Ecological Progress and Forestry Development Studies,Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
4. Forestry Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China

Received:2022-09-04 Revised:2022-10-13 Online:2022-11-30 Published:2022-11-24
Contact: ZOU Xiaoming,RUAN Honghua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

降低大气CO₂含量、缓解气候变暖,已成为当今科学界和国际社会广泛关注的前沿热点问题。林业碳汇作为基于自然解决方案实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的一个重要途径,在应对全球气候变化方面发挥着基础性、战略性、独特的作用。林业碳汇不仅是森林碳汇,林产品碳汇也起着不可忽视的重要作用。林业碳汇潜力提升是一个森林生态系统净碳收支平衡和全产业链林产品碳汇的调控过程,主要包括无机碳的植物固定(光合过程、净生产力等)、土壤有机碳的周转与固定(动植物和微生物残体分解与黏土固定)、林产品碳的固持(林产品产量、木材转换效率、种类和使用寿命等)等3方面的调控原理。笔者从森林碳汇和林产品碳汇两个维度阐述了提升林业碳汇的主要原理、方法或途径。提升林业碳汇潜力的主要途径包括:①通过适地适树、适钙适树人工造林,以增加森林面积;②以完善森林经营措施来增加森林净生产力;③利用矿质黏土对有机碳的保护来增加森林土壤碳汇;④提升林产品产量和改进林产品用途以增加其寿命。在全球尺度上,增加森林面积或提高森林净生产力3.4%,或用可再生能源替换薪炭木材,再将薪炭木材用于制造锯材和人造板,都可以连续30 a每年增加1 Pg的碳汇量。减少全球森林火灾面积1/4或增加森林土壤有机碳含量0.23%,也可以增加碳汇1 Pg。此外,林业固碳还有巨大潜力可以挖掘。

关键词: 林业碳汇, 森林碳汇, 林产品碳汇, 森林生产力, 全球气候变化, 土壤有机碳

Abstract:

Rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration is recognized as the major driver for global climate warming. Thus, reducing atmospheric CO₂ is also recognized as the main remediation method for climate change. Forestry practices play an essential role in atmospheric CO₂ sequestration and global environmental engineering. Forestry carbon sequestration includes forest carbon sequestration and forest product carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration in forests relies mainly on processes of ecosystem carbon balancing and forest product production, including photosynthesis and ecosystem net primary productivity, stabilization of soil organic carbon, and wood use efficiency and product lifespan. Forestry carbon sequestration can be achieved through (1) expanding forest areas with afforestation practices guided by the “matching trees with site or calcium” principle; (2) increasing forest net productivity with integrated forest management of water, nutrients, and pest or fire control; (3) enhancing the stabilization of soil organic carbon content by clay minerals; (4) promoting the use and improving the lifespan of forest products. At the global scale, an additional 1 Pg (C) of carbon can be sequestrated each year for 30 years by increasing forest area or net productivity by 3.4%, or by converting fuel wood to sawn wood or wood-based panels. Furthermore, reducing carbon loss from forest fire by a quarter or elevating soil organic carbon by 0.23% can also decrease carbon emissions by 1 Pg (C) each year. Carbon sequestration in forestry has great potential for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide and mediating global climate warming.

Key words: carbon sink in forestry, carbon sink in forest, carbon sink in wood products, forest productivity, global climate change, soil organic carbon

中图分类号:

S718.5

邹晓明,王国兵,葛之葳,等. 林业碳汇提升的主要原理和途径[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(6): 167-176.

ZOU Xiaoming, WANG Guobing, GE Zhiwei, XIE Youchao, RUAN Honghua, WU Xiaoqiao, YANG Yan. Mechanisms and methods for augmenting carbon sink in forestry[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(6): 167-176.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209008.

图/表 3

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地区 region	人口/万人	锯材消费量/ 万m³	人均锯材消费量/ (m³·万人^-1)	人造板消费量/ 万m³	人均人造板消费量/ (m³·万人^-1)
亚洲	464 100	17 600	379	25 000	539
非洲	134 000	1 700	127	500	37
南美洲	47 400	2 400	506	1 400	295
欧洲	74 800	10 900	1 457	7 800	1 043
北中美州	54 800	12 400	2 263	5 600	1 022
大洋洲	4 300	800	1 860	400	930
全球	779 400	45 800	588	40 700	525

阶段	采伐后种类					碳储量/Tg					比例/%		备注
stage	post-cut type					carbon storage					ratio		note
采伐环节	原木		工业用原木			47.24					34.87		碳储量
			工业用原木			47.24					34.87		109.89 Tg;
			直接用原木			38.02					28.07		碳排放
			薪材			-2.79					2.06		28.37 Tg;
	采伐剩余物		做木材产品原材料			21.84					16.12		净碳储量
	采伐剩余物		原地分解			-25.58					18.88		81.52 Tg
阶段 stage	木质林产品原材料碳储量storage of raw material						木质林产品碳储量storage of forest products						备注
	种类 type	碳储量/Tg			比例/%	种类				碳储量/Tg		比例/%	note
	种类 type	carbon storage			ratio	type				carbon storage		ratio
加工及使用环节	除薪材外原木回收纸	85.26			77.58	锯材				19.24		14.24	原材料利
	除薪材外原木回收纸	2.8			2.55	胶合板				18.28		13.53	用率89.5%;
	部分采伐剩余物	21.84			19.87	其他人造板				8.06		5.97	碳储量
						刨花板				0.88		0.65	126.71 Tg;
						纤维板				18.53		13.71	碳排放
						纸和纸板				58.57		43.35	8.41 Tg;
						加工剩余物		焚烧		-3.47		2.57	净碳储量
								填埋	碳排放	-4.94		3.66	118.30 Tg
								填埋	碳封存	3.15		2.33
阶段	种类					碳储量/Tg					比例/%		备注
stage	type					carbon storage					ratio		note
废弃环节(废弃木质林产品)	焚烧					-28.28					22.89		碳储量
	焚烧					-28.28					22.89		55.02 Tg;
	填埋			碳排放		-40.26					32.58		碳排放
				碳排放		-40.26					32.58		68.54 Tg;
				碳封存		25.74					20.83		净碳储量
				碳封存		25.74					20.83		-13.52 Tg
	回收纸					29.28					23.7

林业碳汇提升的主要原理和途径

Mechanisms and methods for augmenting carbon sink in forestry

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