林业碳汇产品价值实现路径综述

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202207023

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 177-186.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202207023

所属专题：南京林业大学120周年校庆特刊

林业碳汇产品价值实现路径综述

彭红军(), 徐笑, 俞小平

南京林业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2022-07-12 修回日期:2022-09-19 出版日期:2022-11-30 发布日期:2022-11-24
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目(17BGL236)

A review of the value realization path of forestry carbon sink products

PENG Hongjun(), XU Xiao, YU Xiaoping

College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China

Received:2022-07-12 Revised:2022-09-19 Online:2022-11-30 Published:2022-11-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过分析林业碳汇产品价值实现路径,促进林业碳汇生态效益、经济效益、社会效益的融合共赢。采用文献综述、案例归纳分析等概述林业碳汇产品相关概念,归纳梳理林业碳汇产品价值实现路径,并探究其发展的不足之处,最后结合中国学术研究与实践发展现状,对今后的理论研究与机制设计提出相关建议。笔者界定了林业碳汇金融的概念,认为林业碳汇产品价值实现路径可概括为政府生态补偿路径、林业碳汇金融路径和林业碳汇产业化路径,这3种路径有助于实现林业碳汇产品的价值。但是当前各国政府生态补偿缺乏可持续性、林业碳汇交易规则亟须完善、金融机构参与林业碳汇金融意愿薄弱,以及林业碳汇产业化进程缓慢等问题制约着林业碳汇产品价值的实现。建议从完善林业碳汇生态补偿制度、推进林业碳汇产品纳入国家统一的碳市场交易、强化林业碳汇金融路径理论与实践研究、健全林业碳汇产业为核心的产业扶持政策、加强林业碳汇产品价值实现的保障机制建设等方面,推动中国林业碳汇价值的实现。

关键词: 林业碳汇, 生态产品, 碳汇金融, 生态补偿

Abstract:

Analyzing the value realization path of forestry carbon sink products can help realize the integration and win-win of ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits of forestry carbon sinks. Through the literature review and case inductive analysis, the related concepts of forestry carbon sink products were introduced, the value realization path of forestry carbon sink products was summarized, and the shortcomings of its development were explored. Finally, based on the current situation of academic research and practice development in China, we provide suggestions for future theoretical research and mechanism design. The authors defines the concept of forestry carbon sink finance, and believes that the value realization path of forestry carbon sink products can be summarized as the government ecological compensation path, the forestry carbon sink financial path and forestry carbon sink industrialization paths. These three paths are helpful to realize the value of forestry carbon sink products. However, the current lack of sustainable government ecological compensation in various countries, the urgent need to improve forestry carbon sink trading rules, weak willingness of financial institutions to participate in forestry carbon sink finance, and slow industrialization of forestry carbon sinks restrict the realization of the value of forestry carbon sink products. To improve the forestry carbon sink ecological compensation system, we suggest promoting the incorporation of forestry carbon sink products into the national unified carbon market, strengthening the theoretical and practical research on the forestry carbon sink financial path, improving the forestry carbon sink industry as the core industrial support policy, and strengthening the construction of the guarantee mechanism for the value of forestry carbon sink products, etc. These aspects will promote the realization of the value of China’s forestry carbon sink.

Key words: forestry carbon sink, ecological product, carbon sink finance, ecological compensation

中图分类号:

彭红军,徐笑,俞小平. 林业碳汇产品价值实现路径综述[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(6): 177-186.

PENG Hongjun, XU Xiao, YU Xiaoping. A review of the value realization path of forestry carbon sink products[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(6): 177-186.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202207023.

图/表 4

图1

表1

林业碳汇市场主要类型及特征"

市场类型 market type	项目类型 project type	启动时间 start time	发起者 initiator	实施范围 scope of implementation	土地合格性要求等 land eligibility requirements
国际市场 international market	清洁发展机制(CDM)林业碳汇项目	2001年	联合国气候变化框架公约	除了公约附件1国家	造林:50年以来的无林地。再造林:1989年底前为无林地
	国际核证碳减排标准(VCS) 林业碳汇项目	2006年	气候组织、国际排放交易协会、世界经济论坛	全球	造林再造林和植被恢复:项目开始前至少10年内是无林地(或证明土地原有生态系统未被破坏)。减少毁林和森林退化:项目开始前至少10年内符合森林的资格
	黄金标准(GS) 林业碳汇项目	2003年	世界自然基金会及其他国际非政府组织	全球	项目开始前至少10年内是无林地
中国市场 Chinese market	中国核证减排机制(CCER)林业碳汇项目	2013年	中国发改委	中国	碳汇造林:2005年2月16日以来的无林地。森林经营:人工中、幼龄林
中国地方市场 Chinses local market	北京林业碳汇抵消机制(BCER)	2013年	北京市发改委	北京市	碳汇造林:2005年2月16日以来的无林地。森林经营:2005年2月16日之后开始实施
	福建林业碳汇核证减排项目(FFCER)	2016年	福建省发改委	福建省	碳汇造林:2005年2月16日以来的无林地。森林经营:人工中、幼龄林
	广东碳普惠制(PHCER)林业碳汇项目	2017年	广东省发改委	广东省	森林保护:林种为生态公益林的林地。森林经营:林种为商品林的林地
	成都“碳惠天府”(CDCER)林业碳汇项目	2020年	成都市生态环境局	成都市	造林管护类:2005 年 2 月 16 日以来无林地上人工营造的乔木林。川西林盘类:土地权属清晰、无争议
	重庆“碳惠通”林业碳汇项目	2021年	重庆市生态环境局	重庆市	碳汇造林:自 2005 年 2 月 16 日起,地块上的植被状况达不到中国政府规定的标准。森林经营:土地为符合国家规定的乔木林地
	江西林业碳汇项目试点	2021年	江西省生态环境局	江西省	森林经营:土地为符合国家规定的乔木林地
其他自愿市场 other voluntary markets	贵州单株碳汇项目等	2017年	贵州省发改委	贵州省	乔木林:2002年4月11日以来的无林地。竹林:2002年4月11日国家正式实施退耕还林政策以来的无林地

表1

表2

图2

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项目类型 project type	审定阶段 validation stage		备案阶段 filing stage		签发阶段 issue stage
项目类型 project type	数量/项 quantity	占比/% proportion	数量/项 quantity	备案率/% filing rate	数量/项 quantity	签发率/% issuance rate
碳汇造林 carbon sink afforestation	66	68.0	10	15.2	3	30.0
森林经营 forest management	26	26.8	2	7.7	0	0.0
竹林经营 bamboo forest management	4	4.1	0	0.0	0	0.0
竹子造林 bamboo afforestation	1	1.0	1	100.0	0	0.0
总计 total	97	100.0	13	13.4	3	23.1

林业碳汇产品价值实现路径综述

A review of the value realization path of forestry carbon sink products

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