Effects of slow-release fertilization rates on seedling quality and field survival rates of four exotic oaks

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201909002

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 53-60.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.201909002

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Effects of slow-release fertilization rates on seedling quality and field survival rates of four exotic oaks

WEI Ning¹(), LI Guolei¹^,^*(), CAI Mengxue¹, SHI Wenhui², LIU Wen³, XUE Liu³, LI Jinyu⁴

1. Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University,Hangzhou 311300, China
3. Xishan Experimental Forest Farm of Beijing, Beijing 100093, China
4. Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, Beijing 100102, China

Received:2019-09-02 Revised:2020-04-08 Online:2021-05-30 Published:2021-05-31
Contact: LI Guolei E-mail:wning9556@163.com;glli226@163.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Oaks are widely distributed species which have high ornamental values. This study analyzes the effects of nitrogen rates on seedling growth, nutrient storage, non-structural carbon (NSC) content, and survival rates of four exotic oaks seedlings to explore the optimum nitrogen rate. These information is important for cultivating high quality seedlings of these four oaks. 【Method】 During the first growing season, Quercus robur, Q. coccinea, Q. rubra, Q. palustris seedlings were produced by applying five N fertilization application rates (25, 100, 150, 200 and 400 mg per seedling) by using a slow-release fertilizer. Seedling height, root-collar diameter (RCD), biomass, nutrient content and NSC content were measured at the end of the first growing season. At the beginning of the second growing season, seedlings were transplanted into the field and the survival rate was measured one year later. 【Result】 The height, RCD, biomass, nutrient content, starch content, and soluble sugar content of Q. robur seedlings reached a maximum with 200 mg per seedling applied, while the seedling biomass reduced with 400 mg per seedling applied. For Q. coccinea, height, RCD, biomass and soluble sugar content reached highest values with 150 mg per seedling applied while the nutrient content and starch content reached highest values with 200 mg per seedling applied. For Q. rubra, the nutrient content increased with the increasing of N applied and no significant difference showed in height, RCD, biomass and NSC content. For Q. palustris, RCD content increased significantly with the increasing of the fertilization rate. Height and biomass had no longer increase when N applied more than 100 mg per seedling. The nutrient content increased significantly among the fertilization treatments and no significant difference showed in NSC content. One year after transplantation, the highest survival rates of Q. palustris, Q. coccinea, Q. robur and Q. rubra were 95.0%, 30.0%, 55.0%, and 45.0%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Based on the results at the first growing season, the optimum N rate for Q. robur one-year-old container seedling is 200 mg per seedling, while 150-200 mg per seedling for Q. coccinea. For Q. rubra and Q. palustris, the optimum N rates are higher than 400 mg per seedling. The survival rates of the four species were not affected by the fertilization treatments.

Key words: Quercus robur, Q. coccinea, Q. rubra, Q. palustris, slow-release fertilizer, seedling quality, survival rate

CLC Number:

S714

WEI Ning, LI Guolei, CAI Mengxue, SHI Wenhui, LIU Wen, XUE Liu, LI Jinyu. Effects of slow-release fertilization rates on seedling quality and field survival rates of four exotic oaks[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(3): 53-60.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 2

Effects of nitrogen rates on starch and soluble sugar contents of four species Quercus seedlings"

树种 species	施N量/ (mg·株^-1) nitrogen application rate		淀粉含量/mg starch content						可溶性糖含量/mg soluble sugar content
树种 species	施N量/ (mg·株^-1) nitrogen application rate		茎stem		根root		整株total		茎stem		根root	整株total
夏栎 Q. robur	25	43.78±3.07 a		173.29±26.85 a		217.07±27.99 ab		64.02±3.46 ab		176.28±21.62 ab		240.30±23.31 ab
	100	53.33±0.84 a		235.86±42.11 a		289.18±42.71 ab		47.06±4.12 a		215.53±20.41 b		262.58±19.25 b
	150	44.33±4.91 a		232.34±14.69 a		276.67±11.74 ab		61.56±6.55 ab		190.28±16.84 ab		251.85±14.00 b
	200	51.44±5.00 a		275.00±51.37 a		326.44±49.59 b		91.08±13.31b		227.28±25.96 b		318.35±21.06 b
	400	42.94±9.53 a		131.81±20.64 a		174.75±25.01 a		39.66±7.82 a		123.44±5.25 a		166.06±8.92 a
猩红栎 Q. coccinea	25	22.44±1.50 a		197.29±14.44 a		219.73±14.89 a		43.17±8.99 a		218.33±25.38 ab		261.49±33.35 ab
	100	30.66±3.95 a		227.88±40.91 a		258.53±43.96 a		41.40±5.10 a		258.18±23.24 b		299.58±27.83 b
	150	30.99±4.00 a		222.72±42.96 a		253.71±46.34 a		40.64±3.36 a		300.44±46.35 b		341.08±43.81 b
	200	21.13±1.89 a		249.77±48.67 a		270.89±48.22 a		39.69±1.03 a		199.16±46.35 ab		228.84±26.83 ab
	400	20.95±0.93 a		128.95±22.97 a		149.89±23.49 a		32.92±4.14 a		127.55±19.33 a		160.48±21.63 a
北美红栎 Q. rubra	25	52.06±7.41 a		209.34±37.06 a		269.44±46.65 a		59.16±13.02 a		292.34±58.47 a		351.51±53.96 a
	100	47.53±7.15 a		201.78±42.98 a		249.32±47.48 a		45.10±4.77 a		169.43±30.02 a		204.53±34.34 a
	150	46.90±3.02 a		190.43±23.53 a		237.33±21.04 a		67.14±22.02 a		238.95±62.58 a		249.67±59.67 a
	200	52.93±3.49 a		190.47±19.50 a		259.78±20.89 a		56.12±6.91 a		268.39±38.64 a		324.51±35.99 a
	400	47.92±6.36 a		250.51±35.84 a		298.43±39.05 a		48.67±4.34 a		210.61±22.46 a		259.27±24.75 a
沼生栎 Q. palustris	25	34.52±3.29 a		123.05±3.69 a		157.56±2.79 a		42.23±6.95 a		130.92±22.01 a		173.15±24.13 a
	100	47.30±7.39 a		141.42±14.93 a		190.88±24.74 a		75.30±4.49 b		175.93±33.59 a		251.22±34.44 a
	150	40.37±3.26 a		138.72±7.66 a		179.09±6.56 a		57.03±6.68 ab		192.49±42.89 a		249.52±38.94 a
	200	39.78±1.00 a		116.66±5.70 a		156.44±5.09 a		55.22±1.38 ab		131.04±6.55 a		186.26±6.92 a
	400	49.73±5.40 a		141.61±21.12 a		191.34±24.41 a		63.36±4.86 ab		177.21±32.17 a		240.57±32.66 a

Table 2

Table 3

References 37

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施N量/ (mg·株^-1) nitrogen application rate	夏栎Q. robur		猩红栎Q. coccinea		北美红栎Q. rubra		沼生栎Q. palustris
施N量/ (mg·株^-1) nitrogen application rate	苗高/cm height	地径/mm root-collar diameter	苗高/cm height	地径/mm root-collar diameter	苗高/cm height	地径/mm root-collar diameter	苗高/cm height	地径/mm root-collar diameter
25	16.7±0.42 a	4.22±0.11 a	13.9±0.41 a	3.40±0.08 a	18.9±0.49 a	4.28±0.14 a	27.3±0.50 a	3.99±0.13 a
100	16.7±0.29 a	4.54±0.11 ab	16.0±0.47 b	3.80±0.11 abc	19.3±0.53 a	4.49±0.13 a	32.1±0.52 b	4.33±0.09 ab
150	18.4±0.42 b	4.66±0.16 b	16.0±0.54 b	4.14±0.10 c	18.3±0.47 a	4.46±0.13 a	32.8±0.85 b	4.57±0.10 bc
200	19.0±0.49 b	4.69±0.13 b	15.8±0.42 b	3.83±0.10 bc	19.8±0.42 a	4.55±0.15 a	31.6±0.55 b	4.50±0.16 bc
400	17.5±0.38 ab	4.25±0.11 a	16.0±0.44 b	3.68±0.12 ab	20.0±0.53 a	4.38±0.14 a	32.7±0.51 b	4.83±0.13 c

施N量/ (mg·株^-1) nitrogen application rate	成活率/% survival rate
施N量/ (mg·株^-1) nitrogen application rate	夏栎 Q. robur	猩红栎 Q. coccinea	北美红栎 Q. rubra	沼生栎 Q. palustris
25	40.0 a	20.0 a	45.0 a	75.0 a
100	50.0 a	20.0 a	20.0 a	95.0 a
150	55.0 a	10.0 a	35.0 a	95.0 a
200	40.0 a	15.0 a	35.0 a	95.0 a
400	35.0 a	25.0 a	35.0 a	90.0 a

Effects of slow-release fertilization rates on seedling quality and field survival rates of four exotic oaks

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