Fire behavior of five kinds of fuels in Xishan Forest Farm, Kunming City

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003004

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 197-204.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003004

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Fire behavior of five kinds of fuels in Xishan Forest Farm, Kunming City

YAN Xiangxiang¹(), WANG Qiuhua¹^,^*(), MIAO Xiuli², HAN Yongtao³, LONG Tengteng¹

1. Southwest Forestry University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control, Kunming 650224, China
2. Xishan Forest Farm of Kunming City, Kunming 650100, China
3. Natural Resources Bureau of Tongxu County, Kaifeng 475400,China

Received:2020-03-02 Accepted:2020-10-09 Online:2021-01-30 Published:2021-02-01
Contact: WANG Qiuhua E-mail:yxx2385166186@163.com;qhwang2010@swfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to improve fire prevention management for Xishan Forest Farm by estimating the main fuels characteristics and predicting potential fire behavior. 【Method】 Based on a field survey and sampling, the status of fuel was analyzed in the Xishan Afforestation Community. There were five main types of combustibles: Cupressus funebris, Alnus nepalensis, Pinus yunnanensis, P. armandii, and Quercus acutissima. Their combustion was measured in the laboratory, and the fire behavior was calculated, including ignition time, flame maintenance time, flameless combustion maintenance time, spread time, flame height, flame temperature, flameless combustion temperature, flame heat radiation and flameless combustion heat radiation. 【Result】 In the P. yunnanensis forest, the fuel load was 2.35 kg / m², the maximum flame temperature was 628 ℃, the maximum flame height was 70 cm, the maximum flame heat radiation was 6.92 kW / m², and the maximum temperature for flameless combustion was 266 ℃. During the prescribed burning every year in P. yunnanensis, the load was 1.15 kg / m², the highest temperature of the flame was 697.6 ℃, the maximum flame height was 44.5 cm, the maximum heat radiation of the flame was 8.02 kW/m², and the maximum temperature for flameless combustion was 194.3 ℃. There was a difference between the prescribed burning and Xishan forest farm of P. yunnanensis. The fire intensity order was P. yunnanensis > Q. acutissima > P. armandii > C. funebris, and the intensity values were 786.07, 564.39, 275.30 and 6.26 kW/m, respectively. Among these, the fire intensity of P. yunnanensis of 786.07 kW/m (medium-intensity fire) was different from the fire intensity of 403.60 kW / m (low-intensity fire) when P. yunnanensis of pure forest is planned to be burned. 【Conclusion】 The fuel load had the greatest impact on the fire intensity of combustibles. Q. acutissima and P. armandii were low-intensity fires, and the fire intensity of C. funebris was almost negligible. It is recommended that the Xishan Afforestation Community adopt human intervention to effectively treat forest combustibles and to prevent forest fires.

Key words: flaming combustion, flameless combustion, fire intensity, residence time, surface fuel, Xishan Forest Farm of Kunming City

CLC Number:

S762

YAN Xiangxiang, WANG Qiuhua, MIAO Xiuli, HAN Yongtao, LONG Tengteng. Fire behavior of five kinds of fuels in Xishan Forest Farm, Kunming City[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(1): 197-204.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

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可燃物 fuel	林龄/a age of forest	龄组 age of group	立地类型 type of stand	坡度/(°) grope degre	郁闭度 canopy density	平均树高/m mean tree height	平均胸径/ cm mean DBH	载量/ (kg·m^-2) load	热值/ (kJ·kg^-1) heat value	含水率/ % moisture content
柏木 C. funebris	15	幼龄林	阴坡中厚层红壤	23	40	8.2	8.5	1.47	20 330	14.91
旱冬瓜 A. nepalensis	15	中龄林	阴坡中厚层红壤	23	50	7.1	8.3	3.37	18 560	10.31
云南松 P. yunnanensis	8	幼龄林	阳坡中厚层红壤	28	70	5.2	7.0	2.35	21 414	9.73
华山松 P. armandii	25	近熟林	阳坡中厚层红壤	22	55	9.1	14.9	3.37	19 110	16.99
麻栎 Q. acutissima	35	中龄林	阳坡中厚层黄红壤	12	70	11.5	16.0	2.24	20 700	10.64

可燃物 fuel	t_I/s	t_F/ min	h_max·F/ cm	T_max·F/ ℃	R/ (m·min^-1)	Φ_max·F/ (kW·m^-2)	t_uF/ min	T_max·uF/ ℃	Φ_max·uF/ (kW·m^-2)
柏木 C. funebris	3	2.28	20	416	0.44	3.18	4.48	263	0.75
旱冬瓜 A. nepalensis	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
云南松 P. yunnanensis	1	3.45	70	628	0.76	6.92	9.90	266	3.40
华山松 P. armandii	1	6.34	50	608	0.42	6.7	3.59	406	4.47
麻栎 Q. acutissima	3	3.89	90	643	0.41	7.3	9.02	476	6.77

Fire behavior of five kinds of fuels in Xishan Forest Farm, Kunming City

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