Distribution of soil factors across the habitat gradient of Spartina alterniflora and Suaeda salsa communities

XIA Wenwen, LI Xiang, WANG Yuqi, XU Chi, LIU Maosong

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3) : 37-44.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3) : 37-44. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202004028

Distribution of soil factors across the habitat gradient of Spartina alterniflora and Suaeda salsa communities

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Abstract

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on dynamic changes in soil factors and how soil factors alter the invasion process of Spartina alterniflora. 【Method】 Samples were taken from the six gradient zones in the ecotone of Spartina alterniflora and Suaeda salsa communities at depths of 0-10, ≥10-30 and ≥30-60 cm, in Yancheng Coastal Wetland Jiangsu Province. We investigated the plant traits and analyzed the main soil factors. 【Result】 ① Soil factors at 0-10 cm, except the average particle size and total phosphorus, were significantly different from those at the other depths.② The surface soil factors and community characteristics displayed a gradient distribution pattern. Compared with S. salsa, the surface soil of Spartina alterniflora had higher soil water content, the total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and lower bulk density, salinity and pH.③ With the transition from the interior to the edge zone of the Spartina alterniflora community, plant biomass, height and coverage decreased. Surface soil water content, the total organic carbon and nitrogen generally decreased, while the bulk density and pH increased. Additionally, salinity, particle size and total phosphorus showed no significant differences among the different zones. 【Conclusion】 The invasion of Spartina alterniflora altered soil factors mainly in the surface layer, which included increased soil water content, total organic carbon, nitrogen, and reduced pH, bulk density and salinity. As the duration of invasion increased, the total organic carbon and nitrogen showed cumulative effects. The increase in soil water content, the total organic carbon and nitrogen may promote the comparatively competitive advantages of Spartina alterniflora.

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coastal wetland / biological invasion / habitat gradient / soil transformation / plant competition / Jiangsu Province

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XIA Wenwen , LI Xiang , WANG Yuqi , et al . Distribution of soil factors across the habitat gradient of Spartina alterniflora and Suaeda salsa communities[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2021, 45(3): 37-44 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202004028

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Abstract
互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)因良好的促淤能力被引种至我国东海岸, 目前已成为我国滨海湿地分布最为广泛的入侵种。当前的研究大多关注其生产力增加对生态系统固碳能力的直接影响, 却忽视了对其间接作用的定量研究, 如促淤对土壤碳库的贡献。该研究以上海崇明东滩湿地为研究地, 选择具有不同入侵时长(4年、6年、10年)的互花米草斑块, 同时选择芦苇(Phragmites australis)斑块和光滩作为对照, 采集土壤、植物和水体样品。通过测定土壤总碳、总氮、有机碳以及植物和土壤有机质的碳、氮稳定同位素比值(&#x003b4;<sup>13</sup>C和&#x003b4;<sup>15</sup>N), 分析土壤碳库的变化; 同时, 针对群落结构不同的互花米草斑块分别采用同位素二源混合模型和三源混合模型定量分析土壤有机碳的来源。结果表明: (1)互花米草斑块土壤有机碳含量和&#x003b4;<sup>13</sup>C值逐年增加。互花米草入侵能显著增加土壤有机碳库, 并随入侵时间的延长表现出累积效应。土壤碳氮比值随入侵时间的增加而降低, 并趋近于雷德菲尔比率, 表明植物入侵增加土壤碳、氮输入的同时, 海源的潮汐输入也是土壤碳库的重要来源。(2)互花米草对土壤碳库的贡献随入侵时长的增加而增加, 而潮汐输入对土壤碳库的贡献率则不断降低。在入侵时长为4年的斑块中, 潮汐输入的贡献率在90.0%以上; 在入侵10年的斑块中, 潮汐输入的贡献率仅为18.4%, 而互花米草植株的贡献率高达73.5%。这说明互花米草对土壤碳库的贡献在入侵早期以促淤为主, 入侵后期主要依靠自身碳输入。
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