Assessing the stem taper function and volume estimation of poplar (Populus) by terrestrial laser scanning

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202006023

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 41-48.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202006023

Previous Articles Next Articles

Assessing the stem taper function and volume estimation of poplar (Populus) by terrestrial laser scanning

HUA Weicheng(), TIAN Jiarong, SUN Xinyu, XU Yannan^*()

Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2020-06-18 Accepted:2020-08-14 Online:2021-07-30 Published:2021-07-30
Contact: XU Yannan E-mail:xiaoxiaohuazang@163.com;nfuxyn@126.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The taper function can describe variations in the trunk diameter and tree height, and it is important to estimate standing tree volume using an accurate taper function based on the high-precision three-dimensional point cloud data of the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). 【Method】 A poplar (Populus) artificial forest in Huanghai Haibin National Forest Park, Jiangsu Province, was examined, and TLS was used to obtain point cloud data from four sampling plots. The single tree trunk point cloud was extracted by calculating flatness and a normal vector using MATLAB 2020a software. The circular fitting method was used to fit diameters at different heights. Using data of 32 sample trees, six types of taper functions were selected for modeling. The poplar tree volume was estimated using an optimized taper function. 【Result】The DBH(diameter at breast height) produced from TLS data corresponds to the measured DBH values, with an average error of less than 0.90 cm. According to the goodness of fit test of six models, a Schumacher and Hall model was the optimal taper function for poplars in this region, with an R² value of 0.984, RMSE is 1.00 cm, MAPE is 2.79%, and MPE is 0.271%. Volumes of standing trees were estimated using the optimal taper function. Compared with the estimation results of the binary volume equation, the relative difference was 3.34%, and there was no significant difference between them. 【Conclusion】This method may help reduce ground surveys and provide an effective technical support for artificial forest volume investigations.

Key words: poplar (Populus spp.), terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), taper function, tree volume, trunk detection, point cloud data

CLC Number:

S758

HUA Weicheng, TIAN Jiarong, SUN Xinyu, XU Yannan. Assessing the stem taper function and volume estimation of poplar (Populus) by terrestrial laser scanning[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(4): 41-48.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 2

Fig.4

References 34

[1]	孟宪宇. 测树学[M]. 3版.北京: 中国林业出版社, 2006:159-170.
	MENG X Y. Forest mensutation[M].3rd ed. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2006:159-170.
[2]	庞丽峰, 贾宏炎, 陆元昌, 等. 分段削度方程2种估计方法比较[J]. 林业科学, 2015, 51(12):141-148.
	PANG L F, JIA H Y, LU Y C, et al. Comparison of two parameters estimation methods for segmented taper equations[J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 2015, 51(12):141-148.
[3]	KUBLIN E, BREIDENBACH J, KÄNDLER G. A flexible stem taper and volume prediction method based on mixed-effects B-spline regression[J]. Eur J For Res, 2013, 132(5/6):983-997.DOI: 10.1007/s10342-013-0715-0. doi: 10.1007/s10342-013-0715-0
[4]	田佳榕, 代婷婷, 徐雁南, 等. 基于地基激光雷达的采矿废弃地生态修复的植被参数提取[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(8):686-691.
	TIAN J R, DAI T T, XU Y N, et al. Extraction of vegetation parameters in different stages of ecological restoration on abandoned mine area based on T-LiDAR[J]. J Ecol Rural Environ, 2018, 34(8):686-691.DOI: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.08.003. doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.08.003
[5]	庞勇, 李增元, 陈尔学, 等. 激光雷达技术及其在林业上的应用[J]. 林业科学, 2005, 41(3):129-136.
	PANG Y, LI Z Y, CHEN E X, et al. Lidar remote sensing technology and its application in forestry[J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 2005, 41(3):129-136.DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2005.03.022. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2005.03.022
[6]	晏颖杰, 范少辉, 官凤英. 地基激光雷达技术在森林调查中的应用研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究, 2018, 31(4):42-47.
	YAN Y J, FAN S H, GUAN F Y. Research progress in TLS technology in forest investigation[J]. World For Res, 2018, 31(4):42-47.DOI: 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2018.0055.y. doi: 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2018.0055.y
[7]	刘鲁霞, 庞勇, 李增元, 等. 用地基激光雷达提取单木结构参数:以白皮松为例[J]. 遥感学报, 2014, 18(2):365-377.
	LIU L X, PANG Y, LI Z Y, et al. Retrieving structural parameters of individual tree through terrestrial laser scanning data[J]. J Remote Sens, 2014, 18(2):365-377.DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20143091. doi: 10.11834/jrs.20143091
[8]	SUN Y, LIANG X L, LIANG Z Y, et al. Deriving merchantable volume in poplar through a localized tapering function from non-destructive terrestrial laser scanning[J]. Forests, 2016, 7(12):87.DOI: 10.3390/f7040087. doi: 10.3390/f7040087
[9]	杨玉泽, 张珊珊, 林文树. 依据地面三维激光扫描及点云数据建立的白桦树干削度方程[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2018, 46(12):58-63.
	YANG Y Z, ZHANG S S, LIN W S. Stem taper function of Betula platyphylla with terrestrial 3D laser scanning[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2018, 46(12):58-63.DOI: 10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2018.12.011. doi: 10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2018.12.011
[10]	梅光义, 孙玉军. 国内外削度方程研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究, 2015, 28(4):44-49.
	MEI G Y, SUN Y J. Research progress in stem taper equation[J]. World For Res, 2015, 28(4):44-49.DOI: 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2015.04.006. doi: 10.13348/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2015.04.006
[11]	王鹏程, 庄尔奇, 涂炳坤, 等. 湖北省马尾松人工林削度方程及材种出材率表的研究[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2001, 20(1):67-72.
	WANG P C, ZHUANG E Q, TU B K, et al. A study on the taper function and merchantable volume yielding rate table of mason pine in Hubei Province[J]. J Huazhong Agric, 2001, 20(1):67-72.DOI: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2001.01.017. doi: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2001.01.017
[12]	梁子瑜, 孙圆, 梁欣廉, 等. 基于地面激光扫描仪的树干削度方程提取[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 38(5):6-10.
	LIANG Z Y, SUN Y, LIANG X L, et al. The extraction of stem taper equation based on terrestrial laser scanning[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2014, 38(5):6-10. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2014.05.002. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2014.05.002
[13]	TAO S L, WU F F, GUO Q H, et al. Segmenting tree crowns from terrestrial and mobile LiDAR data by exploring ecological theories[J]. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens, 2015, 110:66-76.DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.10.007. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.10.007
[14]	PUESCHEL P, NEWNHAM G, ROCK G, et al. The influence of scan mode and circle fitting on tree stem detection,stem diameter and volume extraction from terrestrial laser scans[J]. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens, 2013, 77:44-56.DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.12.001. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.12.001
[15]	VERMA V, KUMAR R, HSU S. 3D building detection and modeling from aerial LIDAR data [C]//2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR’06).June 17-22,2006,New York,NY,USA.IEEE, 2006:2213-2220.DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.2006.12. doi: 10.1109/CVPR.2006.12
[16]	LIANG X, HYYPPÄ J. Automatic stem mapping by merging several terrestrial laser scans at the feature and decision levels[J]. Sensors (Basel), 2013, 13(2):1614-1634.DOI: 10.3390/s130201614. doi: 10.3390/s130201614
[17]	RAUMONEN P, KAASALAINEN M, ÅKERBLOM M, et al. Fast automatic precision tree models from terrestrial laser scanner data[J]. Remote Sens, 2013, 5(2):491-520.DOI: 10.3390/rs5020491. doi: 10.3390/rs5020491
[18]	LIANG X L, LITKEY P, HYYPPA J, et al. Automatic stem mapping using single-scan terrestrial laser scanning[J]. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens, 2012, 50(2):661-670.DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2161613. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2161613
[19]	PITKÄNEN T P, RAUMONEN P, KANGAS A. Measuring stem diameters with TLS in boreal forests by complementary fitting procedure[J]. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens, 2019, 147:294-306.DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.11.027. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.11.027
[20]	KOZAK A, MUNRO D D, SMITH J H G. Taper functions and their application in forest inventory[J]. For Chron, 1969, 45(4):278-283.DOI: 10.5558/tfc45278-4. doi: 10.5558/tfc45278-4
[21]	KOZAK A, SMITH J H G. Critical analysis of multivariate techniques for estimating tree taper suggests that simpler methods are best[J]. For Chron, 1966, 42(4):458-463.DOI: 10.5558/tfc42458-4. doi: 10.5558/tfc42458-4
[22]	SCHUMACHER F X, HALL F D S. Logarithmic expression of timber-tree volume[J]. Journal of Agricultural Research, 1933, 47(9):719-734.
[23]	ORMEROD D W. A simple Bole model[J]. For Chron, 1973, 49(3):136-138.DOI: 10.5558/tfc49136-3. doi: 10.5558/tfc49136-3
[24]	曾伟生, 廖志云. 削度方程的研究[J]. 林业科学, 1997, 33(2):32-37.
	ZENG W S, LIAO Z Y. A study on taper equation[J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 1997, 33(2):32-37.
[25]	严若海, 吴富桢. 商品材积变型估测系统的研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报, 1992, 16(3):31-37.
	YAN R H, WU F Z. A study on the variable merchantable volume estimation system[J]. J Nanjing For Univ, 1992, 16(3):31-37.
[26]	肖君. 南方型杨树人工林生长与收获模型的研究[D]. 南京:南京林业大学, 2006.
	XIAO J. Studies on the growth and yield models of poplar plantations in southern area[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 2006.
[27]	WAN P, WANG T J, ZHANG W M, et al. Quantification of occlusions influencing the tree stem curve retrieving from single-scan terrestrial laser scanning data[J]. For Ecosyst, 2019, 6(1):1-13.DOI: 10.1186/s40663-019-0203-1. doi: 10.1186/s40663-019-0203-1
[28]	CABO C, ORDÓÑEZ C, LÓPEZ-SÁNCHEZ C A, et al. Automatic dendrometry:tree detection,tree height and diameter estimation using terrestrial laser scanning[J]. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinformation, 2018(69):164-174.DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2018.01.011. doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2018.01.011
[29]	KOREŇ M, MOKROŠ M, BUCHA T. Accuracy of tree diameter estimation from terrestrial laser scanning by circle-fitting methods[J]. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinformation , 2017(63):122-128.DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2017.07.015. doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2017.07.015
[30]	骆钰波, 黄洪宇, 唐丽玉, 等. 基于地面激光雷达点云数据的森林树高、胸径自动提取与三维重建[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2019, 34(2):243-252.
	LUO Y B, HUANG H Y, TANG L Y, et al. Tree height and diameter extraction with 3D reconstruction in a forest based on TLS[J]. Remote Sens Technol Appl, 2019, 34(2):243-252.
[31]	张煜星, 王雪军, 刘明博. 基于无人机遥感影像的DSM及遥感数据林分平均高提取[J]. 林业资源管理, 2017(2):23-27,52.
	ZHANG Y X, WANG X J, LIU M B. Extraction of DSM and mean forest stand height from UAV imagery[J]. For Resour Manag, 2017(2):23-27,52.DOI: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2017.02.005. doi: 10.13466/j.cnki.lyzygl.2017.02.005
[32]	杨坤, 赵艳玲, 张建勇, 等. 利用无人机高分辨率影像进行树木高度提取[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2017, 39(8):17-23.
	YANG K, ZHAO Y L, ZHANG J Y, et al. Tree height extraction using high-resolution imagery acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2017, 39(8):17-23.DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160428. doi: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20160428
[33]	张良, 姜晓琦, 周薇薇, 等. 大光斑激光雷达数据的森林冠层高度反演[J]. 测绘科学, 2018, 43(3):148-153,160.
	ZHANG L, JIANG X Q, ZHOU W W, et al. Retrieval of forest canopy height based on large-footprint LiDAR data[J]. Sci Surv Mapp, 2018, 43(3):148-153,160.DOI: 10.16251/j.cnki.1009-2307.2018.03.025. doi: 10.16251/j.cnki.1009-2307.2018.03.025
[34]	刘方舟, 刘浩, 云挺. 基于分水岭优化思想的单木信息分割算法[J]. 林业工程学报, 2020, 5(5):109-116.
	LIU F Z, LIU H, YUN T. Individual tree crown separation using the improved watershed method[J]. J For Eng, 2020, 5(5):109-116. DOI: 10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202001021. doi: 10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202001021

Metrics

Comments

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

样地编号 plot No.	株数 tree numbers	林龄/ a stand age	树高/m tree height	胸径/ cm DBH	枝下高/m under- branch height	点云密度/ (点·m^-2) point density
1	10	9	25.7±5.64	24.36±4.38	3.9±1.6	22 888
2	14	12	27.4±0.87	27.69±5.16	6.2±1.4	14 556
3	10	12	26.3±0.95	27.27±3.15	5.7±1.7	21 634
4	9	15	33.1±0.89	45.32±5.27	8.2±0.9	8 475

模型 model	文献 reference	系数个数 number of parameter	R²			σ(RMSE)/cm			σ(MAPE)/%			σ(MPE)/%
模型 model	文献 reference	系数个数 number of parameter	n=26	n=6	n=32	n=26	n=6	n=32	n=26	n=6	n=32	n=26	n=6	n=32
Munro	[20]	2	0.844	0.926	0.887	2.65	2.66	2.68	8.41	6.32	8.13	0.834	1.395	0.725
Kozak	[21]	3	0.979	0.988	0.984	0.97	1.08	1.00	2.81	2.15	2.73	0.307	0.567	0.269
Schumacher and Hall	[22]	4	0.979	0.988	0.984	0.98	1.05	1.00	2.83	2.11	2.79	0.309	0.557	0.271
Ormerod	[23]	1	0.979	0.987	0.984	0.98	1.14	1.01	2.82	2.19	2.73	0.310	0.594	0.284
曾伟生	[24]	4	0.980	0.989	0.985	0.96	1.04	0.97	2.68	2.16	2.57	0.302	0.548	0.262
严若海	[25]	8	0.857	0.732	0.854	2.54	5.06	3.05	7.84	9.08	9.16	0.805	2.721	0.828

Assessing the stem taper function and volume estimation of poplar (Populus) by terrestrial laser scanning

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 34

Related Articles 8

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

Author

Reader

Reviewer

[1]	TANG Yiren, JIA Weiwei, WANG Fan, SUN Yuman, ZHANG Ying. Constructing a biomass model of Larix olgensis primary branches based on TLS [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(2): 130-140.
[2]	WANG Fan, JIA Weiwei, TANG Yiren, LI Dandan. Extraction of crown radius and development of crown profile model of Pinus koraiensis based on TLS [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(1): 13-22.
[3]	LU Jun, LIU Xianzhao, MENG Weiliang, LI Hongjun. Methodology of individual tree 3D reconstruction based on terrestrial laser scanning point cloud data [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(6): 193-199.
[4]	LIAO Yangwenke, CUI Rongrong, XIE Yinfeng. The role of β-cyanoalanin synthase in polar leaves under salt stress [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(6): 137-142.
[5]	ZHAO Xiaojun, CHENG Fang, ZHANG Kang, HUANG Kaidong, NI Yun, MENG Xiao, TANG Luozhong. Root morphology of different poplar clone stecklings under waterlogging and flooding treatment [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(5): 1-8.
[6]	ZHANG Minxia, SHE Guanghui. Study on estimation of tree volumes and final decision for deforestation and illegal felling of forests [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2010, 53(01): 85-90.
[7]	WANG Linghui1, WU Guoxin1, SHI Fujun2, QIN Wuming1,YU Haoguang2. Effects of different afforestation density on growth of Acacia mangium×A.auriculaef Ormis [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2009, 52(02): 134-.
[8]	SHE Guang-hui~1,LIU En-bin~1,YE Jin-sheng~2,LIN Shou-ming~2. The Improved Algorithm and Application of Parametric Identification for Nonlinear Tree Volume Model [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2004, 47(03): 1-4.