【Objective】 This paper assessed landscape ecological risk and explored the response with urbanization, aiming to provide the basis for Jiangsu’s scientific regulation and control of high-level ecological environment protection and high-quality development of urbanization. 【Method】 Using remote sensing image data of Landsat TM of 2010 and Landsat OLI of 2018, and with help of ENVI 5.3 and ArcGIS 10.2, we analyzed changes in landscape pattern through landscape pattern indices, made comprehensive assessment of landscape ecological risk and probes into hierarchical structure and its characters, and made quantitative measurement of response type and dependency relationship between increment of both landscape ecological risk and urbanization. 【Result】 Jiangsu’s main landscape types included cultivated land, built-up land and water, with cultivated land as base landscape. In the evolution of landscape pattern, cultivated land’s heterogeneity increases, built-up land was mainly used for external expansion, and water basically remained the same. Landscape ecological risk increased significantly, and average value raised from 0.123 6 to 0.149 9. The TOP 3 cities of current landscape ecological risk were Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou, and the high risk area was located in southern Jiangsu while the low risk area lied in northern Jiangsu. The value of landscape ecological risk increased gradually from northern Jiangsu to southern Jiangsu with the passage of time. There were distinctive characters of agglomeration distribution situation and economic development tendency. Coupling degrees of incremental landscape ecological risk and incremental urbanization level were greater than 0.8. Built-up urban land expansion came up with a great contribution rate to increment of landscape ecological risk. And the correlation coefficient reached 0.83. 【Conclusion】 Jiangsu’s landscape pattern changed significantly. Landscape ecological risk and urbanization level displayed the response pattern of homodromous ascending and their increments were high coupling. Dynamic response types contained low-sensitive region of Xuzhou, Suqian, Huai’an and Yancheng in northern Jiangsu and Yangzhou, mid-sensitive region of area along the Yangtze River and Lianyungang, high-sensitive region of Suzhou and Wuxi. Land urbanization of “spreading out the pies” type developed rapidly in five cities of southern Jiangsu and Nantong City. Southern Jiangsu area of high-level economic development was with high landscape ecological risk. Land urbanization would accelerate ecological environment degradation, while population urbanization could slow down the deterioration rate, and economic restructuring made less disturbance.