Visual simulation of Chinese fir under branch height in consideration of spatial structure

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202010037

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 51-57.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202010037

Special Issue: 第二届中国林草计算机大会论文精选

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Visual simulation of Chinese fir under branch height in consideration of spatial structure

ZHU Nianfu¹^,²(), ZHANG Huaiqing¹^,²^,^*(), CUI Zeyu¹, YANG Tingdong¹, LI Yongliang¹, LIU Hua¹

1. Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091,China
2. Key Laboratory of Forestry Remote Sensing and Information System, NFGA, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2020-10-24 Accepted:2021-03-23 Online:2022-01-30 Published:2022-02-09
Contact: ZHANG Huaiqing E-mail:m13477032471@163.com;zhang@ifrit.ac.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study quantitatively investigated the effect of spatial structure on the under-branch height of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), to build a model of Chinese fir under-branch height. The spatial structure combined with the fir growth model, three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology was applied to visually simulate the height of fir branches. 【Method】 Using survey data of six temporary sample plots of Chinese fir plantations in the Huangfengqiao State-owned Forest Farm in Hunan Province, China; five commonly used branch height foundation models were selected to analyze horizontal spatial structure parameters (P_H), vertical spatial structure parameters (P_V), and spatial structure unit average distance (d_DIS). The influence of this combination on the height of branches was constructed with better comprehensive indicators and fewer variables. 【Result】 The Logistic model showed better comprehensive indicators and explanatory model parameters; as such, it was selected as the basic model. Among the three spatial structure parameters, the vertical spatial structure (P_V) had a significant impact (R²=0.741). Adding vertical spatial structure parameters to the Logistic model improved the simulation of the sub-branch height model. As a result, the coefficient of determination (R²) increased from 0.717 to 0.741, the standard deviation of the estimate reduced from 1.407 to 1.321 m, and various model inspection error indicators were reduced.【Conclusion】 The under-branch height model constructed in this study may be applied to Chinese fir forests of unknown tree age and partial stand information, reflecting the mutual competition among forest trees and visually and intuitively expresses changes in the height of fir branches, and supports further research on the visual simulation of forest stand growth dynamics and forest management.

Key words: spatial structure parameters, under branch height, Chinese fir plantation, visual simulation

CLC Number:

S791.27

ZHU Nianfu, ZHANG Huaiqing, CUI Zeyu, YANG Tingdong, LI Yongliang, LIU Hua. Visual simulation of Chinese fir under branch height in consideration of spatial structure[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(1): 51-57.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Under branch height models"

模型 model	表达式 expression	参考文献 reference
A	H_CB=H/(1+e^X)	[13]
B	H_CB=H/(1+e^X)¹^/⁶	[15]
C	H_CB=H/(1+e^X)¹^/²	[17]
D	H_CB=H(1+e^X)	[19]
E	H_CB=H(1+ $e X 2$ )	[19]

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.2

Table 5

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样地序号 plot No.	面积/ m² area	样木数 steam numbers	平均胸径/ cm mean DBH	平均树高/m mean height	平均冠幅/m mean CW	平均枝下高/m mean HCB
1	60×60	525	16.2	10.6	2.7	4.7
2	50×80	359	22.6	15.7	2.9	7.9
3	50×80	309	14.2	9.5	2.7	4.2
4	50×50	955	11.6	8.4	2.2	4.4
5	40×40	230	20.0	12.7	2.9	6.6
6	30×30	120	15.5	11.0	3.1	5.3

模型 model	标准误 standard error		拟合优度 goodness of fitting		检验结果 validation result
模型 model	a	b	R²	σ(SEE)/m	σ(ME)/m	σ(MAE)/m	σ(TRE)/%	σ(MSE)/%
A	0.020	0.001	0.717	1.407	-0.293	1.018	-2.906	-2.931
B	0.057	0.003	0.716	1.409	-0.297	1.018	-2.986	-3.108
C	0.026	0.001	0.717	1.409	-0.297	1.018	-2.936	-3.044
D	0.011	0.001	0.717	1.409	-0.293	1.018	-2.929	-2.939
E	0.006	0.000	0.716	1.409	-0.297	1.018	-2.927	-3.021

因子 factor	拟合优度 goodness of fitting		检验结果 validation result
因子 factor	R²	σ(SEE)/ m	σ(ME)/ m	σ(MAE)/ m	σ(TRE)/ %	σ(MSE)/ %
—	0.717	1.407	-0.293	1.018	-2.906	-2.931
P_H	0.731	1.325	-0.238	0.998	-2.844	-2.863
P_V	0.741	1.321	-0.234	0.989	-2.842	-2.843
d_DIS	0.729	1.375	-0.242	1.011	-2.916	-3.005
P_H, P_V	0.745	1.317	-0.239	0.989	-2.875	-2.940
P_H, d_DIS	0.738	1.316	-0.237	0.998	-2.845	-2.883
P_V, d_DIS	0.743	1.314	-0.235	0.993	-2.854	-2.917
P_H, P_V, d_DIS	0.748	1.312	-0.231	0.989	-2.849	-2.884

林木编号 tree No.	树高/ m tree height	枝下高/m under branch height
林木编号 tree No.	树高/ m tree height	当前状态 now	10年后 10 years later	20年后 20 years later
1	6.3	2.4	7.1	8.9
2	7.9	2.9	7.8	9.2
3	6.7	2.6	7.3	9.1
4	10.4	3.3	7.8	9.3
5	9.9	2.8	7.1	9.0

Visual simulation of Chinese fir under branch height in consideration of spatial structure

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