Effects of forest certification on international trade in paper and pulp products

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202011021

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 222-230.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202011021

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Effects of forest certification on international trade in paper and pulp products

CHEN Jiaojiao¹(), SONG Weiming², LU Wenming³, YANG Chao², XIA Enlong¹^,^*(), LI Nan¹

1. International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
2. School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
3. International Bamboo and Rattan Organization, Beijing 100102, China

Received:2020-11-12 Accepted:2021-02-23 Online:2022-05-30 Published:2022-06-10
Contact: XIA Enlong E-mail:jiaojiaochen1992@hotmail.com;xiaenlong@icbr.ac.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Research and practice have demonstrated that forest certification has a substantial impact on trade in forest products. Paper and pulp products are an important component of forest products. This paper assessed the impact of forest certification on the international trade in paper and pulp products in different economies from a global perspective, to provide scientific guidance for the construction of China’s forest certification system, mechanism and policy. 【Method】The consumer incomplete information condition was introduced into the theoretical framework of the impact of forest certification on trade for different countries. Forest certification was also incorporated into the extended gravity model. Based on data of the number of forest certifications and the bilateral trade value of paper and pulp products for 68 countries from 2009 to 2018, the impact effect is decomposed from three aspects: export competition effects of forest certification in exporting countries, trade barrier effects in importing countries, and common language effect coming from the interaction of forest certification in importing and exporting countries. The total sample was further subdivided into four sub-models to assess the impact on different economies. 【Result】The effect of forest certification on the international trade in paper and pulp products is asymmetric. Forest certification has a significant export competitive effect on paper and pulp products, which is more pronounced in developing countries than in developed countries. In the process of trade with developed countries, forest certification has a trade barrier effect, which has a stronger influence in developing countries. The common language effect of forest certification does not exist during the trade of developing countries, while it plays a role in trade between developed and developing countries. 【Conclusion】Forest certification is an unavoidable environmental and resource factor in the development of the production and trade of paper and pulp products, as well as the other forest products in China, and its influence is increasing. It is necessary to pay strong attention to and promote the development of forest certification in China at the level of the macro system, mechanism and policy construction.

Key words: forest certification, paper and pulp products, international trade, effect asymmetry

CLC Number:

CHEN Jiaojiao, SONG Weiming, LU Wenming, YANG Chao, XIA Enlong, LI Nan. Effects of forest certification on international trade in paper and pulp products[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(3): 222-230.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Regression results of the sample based on eight model"

变量variable	OLS	FE	RE	PPML	OLS(MR)	FE(MR)	RE(MR)	PPML(MR)
ln F_it	0.79^***	0.04^**	0.14^***	0.89^***	0.80^***	0.05^**	0.13^***	0.84^***
	(0.02)	(0.01)	(0.02)	(0.00)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.00)
ln F_jt	-0.00^**	0.05^***	0.07^***	0.04^**	0.00^*	0.06^***	0.07^***	-0.01^**
	(0.02)	(0.01)	(0.02)	(0.00)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.02)	(0.00)
ln F_it×F_jt	-0.08^***	-0.03^***	-0.05^***	-0.10^***	-0.06^***	-0.03^***	-0.04^***	-0.06^***
	(0.01)	(0.01)	(0.01)	(0.00)	(0.01)	(0.01)	(0.01)	(0.00)
ln Y_it	1.77^***	-0.30^***	1.32^***	1.71^***	1.61^***	-0.41^***	0.97^***	1.43^***
	(0.03)	(0.08)	(0.06)	(0.00)	(0.03)	(0.08)	(0.07)	(0.00)
ln Y_jt	0.48^***	1.08^***	0.53^***	0.43^***	0.30^***	0.98^***	0.18^**	0.10^**
	(0.03)	(0.08)	(0.06)	(0.00)	(0.03)	(0.08)	(0.07)	(0.00)
ln P_it	-0.29^***	-0.93^***	0.22^***	-0.26^***	-0.29^***	-1.03^***	0.14^*	-0.25^***
	(0.02)	(0.19)	(0.06)	(0.00)	(0.02)	(0.20)	(0.06)	(0.00)
ln P_jt	0.81^***	0.20^*	0.66^***	0.85^***	0.83^***	0.12^*	0.58^***	0.92^***
	(0.02)	(0.19)	(0.06)	(0.00)	(0.02)	(0.20)	(0.06)	(0.00)
ln I_it	0.31^***	0.08^**	0.18^***	0.45^***	0.31^***	0.07^**	0.19^***	0.46^***
	(0.02)	(0.03)	(0.03)	(0.00)	(0.02)	(0.03)	(0.03)	(0.00)
ln I_jt	0.41^***	0.01	0.07^*	0.46^***	0.42^***	0.00	0.08^**	0.46^***
	(0.02)	(0.03)	(0.03)	(0.00)	(0.02)	(0.03)	(0.03)	(0.00)
ln D_ij	-0.81^***	0.00	-1.06^***	-0.76^***	-0.87^***	0.00	-1.11^***	-0.86^***
	(0.02)	(0.00)	(0.14)	(0.00)	(0.03)	(0.00)	(0.14)	(0.00)
ln B_ij	2.01^***	0.00	2.05^***	0.74^***	1.99^***	0.00	1.97^***	0.74^***
	(0.11)	(0.00)	(0.29)	(0.01)	(0.11)	(0.00)	(0.30)	(0.01)
ln L_ij	2.31^***	0.00	2.05^***	2.16^***	2.36^***	0.00	2.10^***	2.24^***
	(0.08)	(0.00)	(0.16)	(0.01)	(0.08)	(0.00)	(0.17)	(0.01)
ln C_ij	0.80^***	0.00	1.33^***	0.69^***	0.83^***	0.00	1.12^***	0.65^***
	(0.13)	(0.00)	(0.24)	(0.01)	(0.13)	(0.00)	(0.26)	(0.01)
ln E_ij	0.77^***	0.16^**	0.64^***	0.73^***	0.74^***	0.21^***	0.67^***	0.65^***
	(0.01)	(0.05)	(0.05)	(0.00)	(0.01)	(0.05)	(0.05)	(0.00)
多边阻力 multilateral resistance	否	否	否	否	是	是	是	是

Table 3

Table 4

References 30

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变量 variable	变量定义 variable definition	变量预期影响方向 expected influence direction of variable	数据来源 data sources
X_ijt	t年出口国i对进口国j林产品出口额		UN Comtrade数据库
Y_it	t年出口国i的GDP	+	世界银行WDI数据库
Y_jt	t年进口国j的GDP	+	世界银行WDI数据库
F_it	t年出口国i的森林认证数量	+/-	FSC、PEFC官网整理
F_jt	t年进口国j的森林认证数量	+/-	FSC、PEFC官网整理
P_it	t年出口国i的人口数量	+	World Bank’s WDI
P_jt	t年进口国j的人口数量	+	World Bank’s WDI
I_it	t年出口国i的基础设施水平	+	World Bank’s WDI
I_jt	t年进口国j的基础设施水平	+	World Bank’s WDI
D_ij	两国的地理距离	-	CEPII数据库
B_ij	虚拟变量,表示两国是否共享边界	+	CEPII数据库
L_ij	虚拟变量,表示两国是否有官方语言	+	CEPII数据库
C_ij	虚拟变量,表示两国是否有殖民关系	+	CEPII数据库
E_ij	两国是否隶属于同一经济一体化区域	+	CEPII数据库

统计量 statistics	X_ijt	Y_it、Y_jt	F_it、F_jt	P_it、P_jt	I_it、I_jt	D_ij	B_ij	L_ij	C_ij	E_ij
平均值mean	0.112	10 300	132.85	80.02	4.60	7 028.28	0.04	0.07	0.01	2.53
标准差SD	1.27	24 900	227.34	225.64	1.18	4 862.28	0.19	0.26	0.12	1.95
最小值min	0	114	0	0.50	0	20.25	0	0	0	1
最大值max	101	205 000	3 011	1 392.73	6.80	19 563.95	1	1	1	7

Effects of forest certification on international trade in paper and pulp products

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模型	ln F_it	ln F_jt	ln F_it×F_jt
DC-DC	0.26^***	-0.09^**	0.03^*
DC-DIC	0.38^***	-0.11^*	0.06^**
DIC-DC	0.28^***	0.08^**	0.07^**
DIC-DIC	0.65^***	0.43^***	-0.27^***