Spatial heterogeneity of the soil organic carbon density and its driving factors in the water source area of the Middle Route of China South-to-North Water Diversion Project

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202012016

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 35-43.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202012016

Special Issue: “双碳”视域下的生态系统固碳增汇

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Spatial heterogeneity of the soil organic carbon density and its driving factors in the water source area of the Middle Route of China South-to-North Water Diversion Project

LIU Ke¹(), LI Mingyang¹^,^*(), LI Ling²^,^*(), TIAN Kang³, FAN Ya’nan³, WANG Zhigang⁴, QU Mingkai³, HUANG Biao³

1. College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
3. Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
4. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China

Received:2020-12-19 Accepted:2021-12-14 Online:2022-03-30 Published:2022-04-08
Contact: LI Mingyang,LI Ling E-mail:2489838513@qq.com;lmy196727@126.com;haodou_25@126.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics and driving factors of soil organic carbon density on a large spatial scale in the water source area of the Middle Route of China South-to-North Water Diversion Project is to reveal its spatial differences and the changes with the altitude, soil types, land use, and forest types. This work should provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization of land resources and soil organic carbon (SOC) management in the area. The spatial distribution and driving factors of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) were explored to provide a scientific basis for the accurate assessment of the ecosystem carbon cycle in the climate transition zone.【Method】Based on a comprehensive assessment of spatial factors such as the elevation, soil types, and land use, the spatial variations of SOCD in this region were evaluated by the field sampling and indoor analysis with the help of a geographic information system (GIS). In addition, the main driving factors affecting the spatial distribution of SOCD in the study area were determined by analyzing the explanatory power of various influencing factors on soil organic carbon density and the difference in the degree of interaction among various factors using the geographic detector model. 【Result】(1)The results showed that the average SOCD in 0-20 cm and ≥20-40 cm soil layers was 4.18 kg/m² and 2.67 kg/m² respectively, in which the SOCD of 0-20 cm soil layer was 56.55% higher than the national average level (2.67 kg/m²).(2)Over the entire region, the SOCD was higher in forests in the northern and southern areas and lower in farmlands and grasslands in the middle area. The soil organic carbon density greater than 10 kg/m² is concentrated in the forest land with an altitude of ≥1 500-2 000 m, and less than 1 kg/m² is concentrated in grasslands with altitudes <500 m. The SOCD first increased and then decreased with an increasing elevation. The SOCD of 0-20 cm and ≥20-40 cm soil layers showed peak values (7.32 kg/m² and 4.94 kg/m²) at an altitude of ≥1 500-2 000 m. In terms of soil types, the average SOCD of limestone soil is the greatest and that of cinnamon soils is the smallest. The SOCD storage of yellow-brown earths and brown earths in the 0-20 cm soil layer was the highest, 2.005 Pg and 0.815 Pg, respectively, accounting for 72.83% of the total storage. In terms of land-use types, the forest and farmland were the main land-use types. The SOCD of 0-20 cm and ≥20-40 cm soil layers in the forest land were 4.87 kg/m² and 3.05 kg/m², respectively, and that of farmlands were 2.75 kg/m² and 2.00 kg/m², respectively. These levels were 77.09% and 52.50% lower than that of the forest land, and the SOC storage of the forest land accounted for 87.48% of the total C storage, followed by farmlands (12.02%).(3)The most powerful explanation for the spatial distribution of SOCD was the altitude (0.25) and land use (0.20), followed by soil clay (0.11). The explanatory power of the different driving factors under interaction was significantly higher than that of a single factor. 【Conclusion】The altitude and land use were the main driving factors affecting the spatial patterns of SOCD in this region. After the interaction of different driving factors, there was a synergistic effect of the two factors. The SOCD of farmlands was significantly lower than that of the forest land. Therefore, the ecological engineering construction in the study area should be strengthened, the forest protection and vegetation restoration should be carried out, and the soil carbon storage capacity of the water source in the Middle Route of China South-to-North Water Diversion Project should be improved.

Key words: soil organic carbon density(SOCD), spatial heterogeneity, geographic detector model, the water source area, the Middle Route of China South-to-North Water Diversion Project

CLC Number:

S714

LIU Ke, LI Mingyang, LI Ling, TIAN Kang, FAN Ya’nan, WANG Zhigang, QU Mingkai, HUANG Biao. Spatial heterogeneity of the soil organic carbon density and its driving factors in the water source area of the Middle Route of China South-to-North Water Diversion Project[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(2): 35-43.

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References 29

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土壤类型 soil type	海拔/m elevation	面积/ ×10⁶ hm² area	面积占比/% area proportion	土壤有机碳密度/(kg·m^-2) SOCD		0~20 cm 碳储量/Pg carbon storage in 0~20 cm	储量占比/% carbon storage percentage
土壤类型 soil type	海拔/m elevation	面积/ ×10⁶ hm² area	面积占比/% area proportion	0~20 cm	≥20~40 cm	0~20 cm 碳储量/Pg carbon storage in 0~20 cm	储量占比/% carbon storage percentage
暗棕壤 dark-brown earths	≥1 500~ 2 000	0.058	0.60	5.09±2.27 Aa	2.31±0.75 Bb	0.029	0.76
棕壤 brown earths	≥1 000~ 1 500	1.565	16.44	5.21±2.66 Aa	3.69±2.23 Ba	0.815	21.05
褐土 cinnamon soils		0.097	1.02	3.35±1.71 Ab	2.15±0.83 Bb	0.033	0.84
黄褐土 yellow-cinnamon soils	≥500~ 1 000	0.711	7.46	3.36±1.88 Ab	2.66±1.29 Bab	0.239	6.17
石灰(岩)土 limestone soils		0.454	4.77	5.44±2.51 Aa	3.20±1.65 Ba	0.247	6.38
粗骨土 skeletal soils		0.636	6.68	3.72±1.49 Ab	2.20±0.81 Bb	0.236	6.10
黄棕壤 yellow-brown earths		5.138	53.97	3.93±2.19 Ab	2.49±1.42 Bb	2.005	51.78
水稻土 paddy soils		0.267	2.81	4.64±3.58 Aa	1.82±0.80 Bbc	0.124	3.20
新积土 neo-alluvial soils		0.251	2.64	3.57±2.55 Ab	1.50±0.68 Bc	0.090	2.31
紫色土 purplish soils		0.152	1.60	3.60±1.15 Ab	2.02±0.52 Bb	0.055	1.41

土地利用类型 land use type	面积/ ×10⁴ hm² area	面积占比/% area percentage	土壤有机碳密度变幅/ (kg·m^-2) SOCD variation range		土壤有机碳密度/ (kg·m^-2) SOCD		0~20 cm 碳储量/Pg carbon storage in 0~20 cm	碳储量占比/% carbon storage percentage
土地利用类型 land use type	面积/ ×10⁴ hm² area	面积占比/% area percentage	0~20 cm	≥20~40 cm	0~20 cm	≥20~40 cm	0~20 cm 碳储量/Pg carbon storage in 0~20 cm	碳储量占比/% carbon storage percentage
林地 forest	736.691	77.380	1.33~17.07	0.31~13.75	4.87±2.38 Aa	3.05±1.75 Ba	3.590 0	87.48
灌丛 bushwood	0.092	0.009	0.60~9.91	1.11~5.65	4.55±2.57 Aa	2.59±1.19 Bb	0.000 4	0.01
农田 cropland	179.030	18.810	0.75~6.71	0.37~6.11	2.75±1.09 Ab	2.00±0.93 Bc	0.490 0	12.02
草地 grassland	13.901	1.460	0.29~ 6.69	0.21~3.37	1.45±1.41 Ac	1.15±0.84 Bd	0.022 0	0.49

森林类型 forest type	土壤有机碳密度变幅/(kg·m^-2) SOCD variation range		土壤有机碳密度/(kg·m^-2) SOCD		变异系数/% coefficient of variation
森林类型 forest type	0~20 cm	≥20~40 cm	0~20 cm	≥20~40 cm	0~20 cm	≥20~40 cm
阔叶林broad-leaf forest	1.47~17.07	0.60~8.73	5.35±2.48 Aa	3.25±1.66 Ba	46.36	51.11
针叶林coniferous forest	1.87~12.39	0.31~5.87	4.43±2.43 Ab	2.65±1.36 Bb	54.92	51.40
混交林mixed forest	1.68~15.22	0.83~13.75	4.53±2.36 Aab	2.80±2.03 Bab	52.11	72.68

交互因子 interaction factor	土地利用 land use	海拔 elevation	土壤类型 soil type	黏粒 clay	砂粒 sandy	容重 bulk density
海拔elevation	0.35↑
土壤类型soil type	0.26↑	0.32↑↑
黏粒clay	0.30↑	0.33↑	0.23↑↑
砂粒sandy	0.29↑↑	0.32↑	0.18↑↑	0.15↑
容重bulk density	0.27↑↑	0.34↑↑	0.18↑↑	0.19↑↑	0.20↑↑
pH	0.25↑	0.29↑	0.21↑↑	0.23↑↑	0.18↑↑	0.22↑↑

Spatial heterogeneity of the soil organic carbon density and its driving factors in the water source area of the Middle Route of China South-to-North Water Diversion Project

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