Responses of forest soil labile nitrogen pool and nitrogen cycle to the changes of carbon input under “carbon neutrality”

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202101030

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 1-11.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202101030

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Responses of forest soil labile nitrogen pool and nitrogen cycle to the changes of carbon input under “carbon neutrality”

XIE Junyi¹(), XU Xia¹^,^*(), CAI Bin², ZHANG Huiguang²

1. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Center for Scientific Research and Monitoring, Wuyishan National Park, Wuyishan 354300, China

Received:2021-01-23 Accepted:2021-05-04 Online:2022-03-30 Published:2022-04-08
Contact: XU Xia E-mail:JunyiX1995@163.com;xuxia.1982@yahoo.com

Abstract

Abstract:

The forest ecosystem has the dual functions of carbon source and carbon sink, and regulating the carbon input mode in forest is of great significance for realizing the goal of “carbon neutrality” in China. The effects of changes in carbon (C) inputs (such as above-ground litter and under-ground roots) on soil nitrogen (N) cycling have long been a research focus in forest ecosystems. Based on previous studies worldwide, this paper reviews the research progress on the effects of different C inputs on the responses of the forest soil active N pool and N transformation processes, including soil active N pools, soil N mineralization, nitrification processes, and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. We found: (1) Above-ground C removal reduced soil available nitrogen contents (mainly $NH_{4}^{+}$-N and $NO_{3}^{-}$-N). However, under-ground C removal increased the soil $NH_{4}^{+}$-N content. Changes in different C inputs showed inconsistent effects on soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), which may be related to the ecosystem type, tree species composition, timescale, and other factors. In addition, the influence of under-ground C removal on soil soluble nitrogen (DON) was greater than that of above-ground C removal, and the under-ground root system may be the main contributor to soil DON. (2) The effects of above-ground C inputs on soil N mineralization and nitrification rates were greater in the short but less in the long term. Soil N mineralization and nitrification processes were affected indirectly by changes in soil microbial activity. The under-ground C removal increased soil N mineralization rates, and the effect was more obvious with an increase in a time scale. (3) Above-ground C inputs indirectly affected N₂O emissions by changing the available C sources of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms and was significantly affected by tree species. However, the effect of the under-ground C inputs on N₂O varied with the root quality. Current research mainly focuses on the impacts of a certain type of above-and under-ground C inputs and its removal on soil N pool components and N transformation. In conclusion, soil active N pools and N cycling differed in the response mechanisms to different C inputs in forests and were greatly affected by the ecosystem type, species, time, and other factors. The dynamic model and accurate budget for optimizing the above- and under-ground carbon inputs of forest ecosystems are insufficient, and a complete ecological compensation mechanism for carbon emission reduction has not been established. Future research needs to quantitatively understand the mechanisms of soil N affected by different C inputs and interactions between two or more species in different forest ecosystems, and more consideration should be given to the long-term soil N dynamics. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the ability of accounting and forecasting forest carbon neutralization above-and under-ground, accelerate the development of C neutralization technology in forest ecosystems in future research, which provides a scientific and technological support for achieving the “C neutrality” strategic goal in advance.

Key words: forest ecosystem, litter and root carbon input, soil labile nitrogen pools, nitrogen mineralization, N₂O emission, nitrogen cycle, carbon neutrality

CLC Number:

S718

XIE Junyi, XU Xia, CAI Bin, ZHANG Huiguang. Responses of forest soil labile nitrogen pool and nitrogen cycle to the changes of carbon input under “carbon neutrality”[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(2): 1-11.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of aboveground (litter) C inputs on soil labile N pools"

研究区域 study area	研究地年份/a year of study	地上碳输入 aboveground C input	植被类型 vegetation type	氨态氮变化 N $H 4 +$ -N change	硝态氮变化 N $O 3 -$ -N change	可溶性氮变化 DON change	微生物生物量氮变化 MBN change	参考文献 reference
中国青藏高原东部	<1	添加	草地	降低	增加	不显著	降低	[52]
中国青藏高原东缘	<1	添加	灌木和草本	降低	增加	-	-	[45]
中国长沙天际岭林场	<1	添加	樟树林	增加	-	-	-	[47]
中国长沙天际岭林场	<1	去除	樟树林	降低	-	-	-	[47]
研究区域 study area	研究地年份/a year of study	地上碳输入 aboveground C input	植被类型 vegetation type	氨态氮变化 N $H 4 +$ -N change	硝态氮变化 N $O 3 -$ -N change	可溶性氮变化 DON change	微生物生物量量氮变化 MBN change	参考文献 reference
中国内蒙古赛罕乌拉	1	去除	山杨次生林	降低	不显著	—	—	[46]
中国内蒙古赛罕乌拉	1	添加	山杨次生林	增加	不显著	—	—	[46]
德国	2	去除	阔叶林	—	—	不显著	—	[49]
中国会同森林生态站	4	去除	杉木林	降低	—	—	—	[43]
中国三明生态站	4	添加	杉木林	降低	降低	不显著	不显著	[44]
中国三明生态站	4	去除	杉木林	增加	降低	降低	降低	[44]
中国山西灵空山	5	去除	油松-辽东栎混交林	增加	不显著	—	不显著	[48]

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of belowground (roots) C input on soil labile N pools"

研究区域 study area	研究地年份/a year of study	地下C输入 belowground C input	植被类型 vegetation type	氨态氮变化 $NH 4 +$ -N change	硝态氮变化 $NO 3 -$ -N change	可溶性氮变化 DON change	微生物生物量氮变化 MBN change	参考文献 reference
中国内蒙古赛罕乌拉	1	去除根系	山杨次生林	增加	不显著	—	—	[46]
中国福建滨海沙地	1	去除根系	尾巨桉、纹荚相思和木麻黄人工林	—	—	—	降低	[84]
中国福建滨海沙地	2	去除根系	尾巨桉人工林	不显著	不显著	—	不显著	[85]
中国福建滨海沙地	2	去除根系	纹荚相思人工林	不显著	不显著	—	不显著	[85]
中国福建滨海沙地	2	去除根系	木麻黄人工林	降低	不显著	—	增加	[85]
中国福建滨海沙地	2	去除根系	湿地松人工林	不显著	不显著	—	不显著	[85]
美国Andrews森林	2	去除根系	温带森林	—	—	降低	—	[80]
中国南平市王台镇	3	去除根系	杉木林	增加	不显著	降低	—	[78]
中国会同森林生态站	4	去除根系	杉木林	降低	—	—	—	[43]

Table 4

Table 5

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野外试验 field experiments	C输入 carbon input	过程 process	优缺点 advantages and disadvantages	适用场景 applicable scene
凋落物去除及添加	阻止/增加凋落物分解向土壤中输入C	通过控制地上凋落物输入土壤的数量和分解速率来研究森林土壤C库和C循环与地上凋落物的相关关系	操作简便,通过铺设网袋阻隔凋落物。但网对雨水具有一定的阻隔,且凋落物积存在网上对降雨的阻隔改变更明显	在天然林或人工林中适用范围较广
树干环割	通过截断树干韧皮部来阻止光合产物向地下部分输入C	通过截断树干向地下根系输入C及其他养分来控制C向土壤中的输入过程	操作简便,使用特定工具即可完成,但对树体具有不可恢复的损伤	对土壤有不被扰动的要求和不考虑树木损伤
根系排除	阻止根系分泌及死亡根系向土壤输入C	通过根部挖沟等方法阻止根系向土壤中输入C	操作较为困难,需要人为挖沟阻断根系,一般需要到地下40 cm或更深才具有阻断效果	样地较为平坦且碎石瓦砾较少,人工林较为普遍
DIRT试验	阻止/增加凋落物和阻止地下根系向土壤中输入C	通过控制森林凋落物输入来源和速率来研究森林有机质和养分的积累和动态变化	操作较为困难,但能综合考虑地上地下的输入控制,意义较大	需要综合了解地上地下的碳输入
ILTER DIRT试验	改进版的DIRT试验	通过跨气候带、土壤质地梯度的DIRT试验来研究长期自然气候因素和生物因素在控制土壤有机质积累中的相对重要性	操作困难,需要多站点联系,但可以通过试验了解不同气候带、不同土壤质地的长期变化规律,意义重大	需要了解不同气候带、土壤质地的碳输入控制

Responses of forest soil labile nitrogen pool and nitrogen cycle to the changes of carbon input under “carbon neutrality”

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研究区域 study area	研究地年份/a year of study	地下C输入 belowground C input	植被类型 vegetation type	净N矿化速率变化 net N mineralization rate change	硝化速率变化 nitrification rate change	参考文献 reference
美国北卡罗来纳州教堂山	<1	去除根系	—	增加	增加	[89]
新西兰海岸沙地	2.25	去除根系	辐射松人工林	不显著	增加	[88]
Harvard森林	5	去除根系	过渡性橡树-枫树-桦林	降低	增加	[40]
美国Andrews森林	10	去除根系	温带森林	增加	增加	[90]

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