Multiple pathways regulation analysis of greenery index on outdoor comfort of residential areas in cold regions: a case study of Zhengzhou City

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102004

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 210-218.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202102004

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Multiple pathways regulation analysis of greenery index on outdoor comfort of residential areas in cold regions: a case study of Zhengzhou City

XUE Sihan¹^,³(), MA Yue¹, WANG Kun²^,^*()

1. School of Architecture, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2. College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

Received:2021-02-01 Accepted:2021-04-26 Online:2022-01-30 Published:2022-02-09
Contact: WANG Kun E-mail:604798734@qq.com;353478020@qq.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 There has been increasing attention on the urban environment and the comfort of urban residents. High-quality urban residential greening can improve the microclimate and increase the utilization rate of space. This study explores the potential mechanism and regulatory approaches of greening on human comfort, clarifies differences between greenery indices, and proposes corresponding greening allocation strategies for residential planning and design in cold regions. 【Method】 The research area selected was the district of Zhengzhou, China. The microclimate of three typical residential areas in winter were measured, and a comfort survey was carried out. Through regression analysis, the quantitative relationship between two greenery indices (i.e., green view index and tree view factor) and comfort was established. This relationship clarifies the regulatory mechanism of greening on the microclimate and environmental comfort, the intermediary effect difference analysis was used to reveal the effect of the two ways. 【Result】 The regression analysis results showed that the green view index and tree view factor were significantly negatively correlated with comfort evaluation (b = -0.181, P < 0.01) and (b = -0.202, P < 0.01); the greenery indices had direct and indirect effects on comfort evaluation. There was a significant negative correlation between the two greenery indices and wind speed, and a significant positive correlation with other thermal environmental factors. Comfort had a significant positive correlation with wind speed evaluation and a significant negative correlation with other thermal environmental factors. Mediating effect analysis showed that the green view index mainly had an indirect effect of 76.7% and a direct effect of 23.3%, while the tree view factor mainly had an indirect effect of 87.9%, and its direct effect was not significant (P = 0.3953). 【Conclusion】 The two types of greenery indices represent greening structures from different perspectives. In the design and evaluation of greening spaces based on population and spatial preferences, the green view factor should be used as an indicator, while the tree view factor is more suitable to study microclimate adaptability.

Key words: tree view factor, green view index, regression analysis, mediating effect analysis, Zhengzhou City

CLC Number:

XUE Sihan, MA Yue, WANG Kun. Multiple pathways regulation analysis of greenery index on outdoor comfort of residential areas in cold regions: a case study of Zhengzhou City[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(1): 210-218.

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样本 sample	占地面积/hm² area	容积率/ % plot ratio	建筑密度/% building density	绿地率/% greening rate	绿地布局特征 characteristics of green space layout
样本Ⅰ sample Ⅰ	17.3	2.87	16.9	45.78	分散式布局,宅旁绿地为主,散布于建筑周边
样本Ⅱ sample Ⅱ	35.7	1.66	15.6	43.02	片状集中式布局,成片状布置于住区中心位置
样本Ⅲ sample Ⅲ	5.7	3.13	16.9	28.12	带状集中式布局,南北长,东西窄,呈狭长的带状布局于住区中部

样本 sample	绿地布局 green space layout	样点编号 point	平均绿视率/% average GVI	植物视图因子/% TVF	空间环境特征 basic information of environment
样本Ⅰ sample Ⅰ	分散式 distributed layout	1	33.5	9.5	非树下,有灌木,水泥砖和沥青地面
		2	20.0	1.2	非树下,有灌木,水泥砖地面
		3	23.7	3.2	非树下,多乔木(落叶),有灌木,水泥砖地面
		4	33.5	10.8	非树下,有乔木(落叶),多灌木,水泥砖和沥青地面
		5	47.6	27.3	非树下,少乔木(落叶),有灌木,水泥砖和沥青地面
		6	65.9	14.8	非树下,少乔木(常绿),有灌木,水泥砖地面
样本Ⅱ sample Ⅱ	片状集中式 chipcentralized layout	7	25.8	2.1	非树下,少植物,水泥、草地地面
		8	42.2	36.8	廊道下,有藤蔓,有乔木(常绿),多灌木,水泥砖地面
		9	76.1	81.9	树下,有乔木(常绿松树),有灌木,土壤和石子地面
		10	57.6	11.4	非树下,少灌木,有草地,木质和石子地面
		11	22.5	75.8	树下,多乔木(常绿),水泥砖地面
		12	43.7	44.8	树下,有乔木(常绿),有灌木,水泥砖和沥青地面
样本Ⅲ sample Ⅲ	带状集中式 ribbon centralized layout	13	27.5	9.9	非树下,有柳树,有灌木,水泥砖地面和静态水
		14	32.1	5.7	非树下,有乔木(常绿),有灌木,水泥砖地面
		15	29.9	12.7	非树下,有乔木(落叶,常绿),少灌木,水泥砖地面
		16	46.5	10.4	非树下,多乔木(常绿),少乔木(落叶),有灌木,水泥砖地面
		17	36.2	9.1	非树下,有乔木(常绿),有灌木,水泥砖地面
		18	22.7	5.6	非树下,有假山,有灌木,水泥砖、草地和动态水

模型编号 model No.	指标 index	非标准化系数 UR	标准误差 RMSE	标准化系数 SR	t检验 t test
1a	常量	2.481	0.043		57.983
	绿视率	-0.009	0.001	-0.181	-8.543
1b	常量	2.274	0.021		108.613
	植物视图因子	-0.006	0.001	-0.202	-9.570

模型编号 model No.	绿化指标 greenery index	T_s		T_a		H_R		V_a		PM_2.5
模型编号 model No.	绿化指标 greenery index	Coef.	Beta	Coef.	Beta	Coef.	Beta	Coef.	Beta	Coef.	Beta
2a	绿视率	0.098^***	0.314	0.067^***	0.210	0.219^***	0.202	-0.013^***	-0.171	1.609^***	0.415
2b	植物视图因子	0.036^***	0.182	0.041^***	0.198	0.276^***	0.392	-0.013^***	-0.271	1.456^***	0.581

项目 item	绿视率(模型4a) GVI(model 4a)				植物视图因子(模型4b) TVF(model 4b)
项目 item	直接效应 direct effect	间接效应 indirect effect	总效应 total effect	中介效应占比/% mediate proportion	直接效应 direct effect	间接效应 indirect effect	总效应 total effect	中介效应占比/% mediate proportion
地表温度T_s	-0.003 0	-0.005 7	-0.008 7	66.5	-0.004 4	-0.002 2	-0.006 6	33.3
空气温度T_a	-0.003 3	-0.005 2	-0.008 5	61.2	-0.003 0	-0.003 4	-0.006 4	53.1
风速V_a	-0.005 6	-0.002 9	-0.008 5	34.1	-0.003 3	-0.003 0	-0.006 3	47.6
PM_2.5	-0.003 6	-0.005 0	-0.008 6	58.1	-0.001 7	0.004 9	-0.006 6	74.2
多重中介综合 multiple mediating effects	-0.002 0	-0.006 6	-0.008 6	76.7	-0.000 8	-0.005 8	-0.006 6	87.9

Multiple pathways regulation analysis of greenery index on outdoor comfort of residential areas in cold regions: a case study of Zhengzhou City

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