Distributions of knots in trunks and pruning effects on growth in Castanopsis hystrix

XU Fang, YANG Xiaohui, PAN Wen, LIAO Huanqin, YANG Huixiao, ZHANG Weihua, ZHU Baozhu, CHEN Xinyu, XU Bin, WANG Yuxia

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5) : 121-126.

PDF(3551 KB)
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
PDF(3551 KB)
JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5) : 121-126. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202103030

Distributions of knots in trunks and pruning effects on growth in Castanopsis hystrix

Author information +
History +

Abstract

【Objective】 After investigating the distribution of knots in Castanopsis hystrix and performing a pruning experiment on them, a new pruning management method was developed to reduce the formation of knots in the trunk, promote plant growth and enable the cultivation of large-diameter-grade and knot-free wood. 【Method】 The time and distribution of knot formation in the trunk were determined by investigating the scar distribution in six naturally grown 30-year-old individiuals. Different pruning intensities were then set for trees in a six-year plantation, and growth after 18 months of pruning was measured to select the best intensity. Three types of common paint were selected for pruning incision protection. The healing and transverse sections of incision were investigated to evaluate the protective effects of the radial growth after pruning. 【Result】 The knots were mainly distributed in the core of the trunk, with 87% dead knots. The best pruning intensity demonstrated a 26.1% increase in the diameter at breast height (DBH) growth compared with the control, but no significant difference with the other pruning intensities. All the incision protection methods can increase the healing rate and protect the incision rot from extending into deeper areas. Oil paint exhibited the best protecting effect, and the healing rate of incision reached 94.2% and 84.1% for diameters under and greater than 3.5 cm, respectively. Post-incision necrosis deeper than 3.5 cm can be reduced by 61.2%, and pruning can significantly change the inhibition of the radial growth under the branch area. 【Conclusion】 The pruning method summarized in this study is operable and can improve growth and roundness, reduce the formation of wood knots, and appropriate for the management of C. hystrix plantations.

Key words

Castanopsis hystrix plantation / pruning intensity / wood knot / growth / incision protection

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations
XU Fang , YANG Xiaohui , PAN Wen , et al . Distributions of knots in trunks and pruning effects on growth in Castanopsis hystrix[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2022, 46(5): 121-126 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202103030

References

List( Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within ) Chart analysis
[1]
徐放, 张卫华, 杨晓慧, 等. 红锥1.5代种子园半同胞子代苗期生长差异分析[J]. 林业与环境科学, 2018, 34(1):1-6.
XU F, ZHANG W H, YANG X H, et al. Half-sib progeny seedling growth differences analysis of the 1.5th generation seed orchard for Castanopsis hystrix[J]. For Environ Sci, 2018, 34(1):1-6.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-4427.2020.05.005.
Cited in this article [1]
[2]
徐放, 张卫华, 杨晓慧, 等. 红锥2代种子园半同胞子代苗生长差异分析[J]. 林业与环境科学, 2020, 36(5):28-33.
XU F, ZHANG W H, YANG X H, et al. Growth difference analysis of half-sib progeny seedlings on the 2nd generation seed orchard for Castanopsis hystrix[J]. For Environ Sci, 2020, 36(5):28-33.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-4427.2020.05.005.
Cited in this article [1]
[3]
GRANDVUINET T, MUSZYNSKI L. Effect of knots and related grain deviation on the rolling shear in dimension lumber used in cross-laminated timber transverse core layers[J]. For Prod J, 2019, 69(1):81-86.DOI:10.13073/fpj-d-16-00042.
Cited in this article [1]
[4]
张凤良, 张方秋, 段安安, 等. 17个红锥种源生长、干形及木材基本密度变异分析[J]. 广东林业科技, 2013, 29(2):17-22.
ZHANG F L, ZHANG F Q, DUAN A A, et al. Analysis of variation on growth,stem traits and wood basic density of 17 Castanopsis hystix provenances[J]. Guangdong For Sci Technol, 2013, 29(2):17-22.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-4427.2013.02.004.
Cited in this article [1]
[5]
刘新亮, 刘蕾, 何小三, 等. 施肥和修枝对材用樟树幼林生长的影响[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2020, 40(12):54-59.
LIU X L, LIU L, HE X S, et al. Effects of fertilization and pruning on growth of Cinnamonum camphora plantations[J]. J Central South Univ For Technol, 2020, 40(12):54-59.DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2020.12.007.
Cited in this article [1]
[6]
王玉荣, 赵荣军, 江泽慧, 等. 火炬松树干、节疤及枝条木材的密度分析研究[J]. 林产工业, 2016, 43(11):14-17.
WANG Y R, ZHAO R J, JIANG Z H, et al. Density analysis of stem,knot and branch of Pinus taeda[J]. China For Prod Ind, 2016, 43(11):14-17.DOI:10.19531/j.issn1001-5299.2016.11.004.
Cited in this article [2]
[7]
王春胜. 西南桦人工中幼林密度效应和修枝研究[D]. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院, 2015.
WANG C S. Studies on the effect of planting density and artificial pruning on young and middle aged Betula alnoides plantation[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2015.
Cited in this article [1]
[8]
王保平, 李宗然, 文瑞钧, 等. 泡桐修枝促接干技术及其效应的研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2003, 16(2):183-188.
WANG B P, LI Z R, WEN R J, et al. Pruning technique and its effects on Paulownia trunk extension[J]. For Res, 2003, 16(2):183-188.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2003.02.011.
Cited in this article [1]
[9]
LANGE P W, DE RONDE C, BREDENKAMP B V. The effects of different intensities of pruning on the growth of Pinus radiata in South Africa[J]. S Afr N For J, 1987, 143(1):30-36.DOI:10.1080/00382167.1987.9630298.
Cited in this article [1]
[10]
JING D W, DU Z Y, WANG M Y, et al. Regulatory effects of root pruning on leaf nutrients,photosynthesis,and growth of trees in a closed-canopy poplar plantation[J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(5):e0197515.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0197515.
Cited in this article [1]
[11]
NEILSEN W A, PINKARD E A. Effects of green pruning on growth of Pinus radiata[J]. Can J For Res, 2003, 33(11):2067-2073.DOI:10.1139/x03-131.
Cited in this article [1]
[12]
KUMAR A, MISHRA S, SINGH R K. Analyzing the effect of different levels of pruning on growth,yield and quality of Psidium guajava L.cv.lalit (Guava)[J]. Curr J Appl Sci Technol, 2020:177-183.DOI:10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i3531066.
Cited in this article [1]
[13]
陈森锟, 尹伟伦, 刘晓东, 等. 修枝对欧美107杨木材生长量的短期影响[J]. 林业科学, 2008, 44(7):130-135.
CHEN S K, YIN W L, LIU X D, et al. Short effects of pruning on growth of poplar(Populus × euramericana cv.‘74/76’)[J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 2008, 44(7):130-135.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2008.07.022.
Cited in this article [2]
[14]
肖祥希. 修枝对福建柏林分生长及无节材形成的影响[J]. 林业科学研究, 2005, 18(1):22-26.
XIAO X X. Effect of stem pruning on growth and knot free timber production of Fokienia hodginsii plantation[J]. For Res, 2005, 18(1):22-26.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2005.01.004.
Cited in this article [2]
[15]
李杨涛, 李莲芳, 杨文君, 等. 修枝对云南松林分结构及生长影响的分析[J]. 西南林业大学学报, 2018, 38(3):44-50.
LI Y T, LI L F, YANG W J, et al. Analysis of pruning effecting on stand structure and growth of Pinus yunnanensis[J]. J Southwest For Univ, 2018, 38(3):44-50.DOI:10.11929/j.issn.2095-1914.2018.03.007.
Cited in this article [1]
[16]
GUINDOS P, GUAITA M. A three-dimensional wood material model to simulate the behavior of wood with any type of knot at the macro-scale[J]. Wood Sci Technol, 2013, 47(3):585-599.DOI:10.1007/s00226-012-0517-4.
Cited in this article [1]
[17]
KEBBI-BENKEDER Z, COLIN F, DUMARÇAY S, et al. Quantification and characterization of knotwood extractives of 12 European softwood and hardwood species[J]. Ann For Sci, 2015, 72(2):277-284.DOI:10.1007/s13595-014-0428-7.
Cited in this article [1]
[18]
刘球, 李志辉, 陈少雄. 桉树无节材修枝技术研究进展与展望[J]. 桉树科技, 2009, 26(2):67-74.
LIU Q, LI Z H, CHEN S X. A review on pruning in eucalypt plantations for production of clear wood[J]. Eucalypt Sci Technol, 2009, 26(2):67-74.DOI:10.13987/j.cnki.askj.2009.02.001.
Cited in this article [1]
[19]
吴际友, 童方平, 龙应忠, 等. 火炬松纸浆材优良家系人工林修枝效应[J]. 林业科技开发, 2006, 20(2):36-38.
WU J Y, TONG F P, LONG Y Z, et al. Effect of pruning on superior family in Pinus taeda L. for pulpwood[J]. China For Sci Technol, 2006, 20(2):36-38.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8101.2006.02.011.
Cited in this article [1]
[20]
欧建德, 吴志庄. 南方红豆杉修枝经营措施优化及评价[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 41(1):117-122.
OU J D, WU Z Z. Optimization of pruning operation method for Taxus wallichina var. mairei[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2017, 41(1):117-122.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2017.01.018.
Cited in this article [1]
[21]
马永春, 佘诚琪, 方升佐. 不同修枝方法对杨树人工林生长、光合叶面积和主干饱满度的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 45(4):137-142.
MA Y C, SHE C Q, FANG S Z. Effects of pruning methods on growth, photosynthetic leaf area and plumpness of trunk segment in poplar plantation[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2021, 45(4):137-142.DOI: 10.12302/j.iss.1000-2006.202004003.
Cited in this article [1]
[22]
ASAAH E, TCHOUNDJEU Z, NGAHANE W, et al. Allanblackia floribunda:a new oil tree crop for Africa: amenability to grafting[J]. New For, 2011, 41(3):389-398.DOI:10.1007/s11056-010-9230-z.
Cited in this article [1]
[23]
刘英杰, 王齐, 段福文, 等. 乡土杨梅嫁接改造试验[J]. 西部林业科学, 2012, 41(2):87-90.
LIU Y J, WANG Q, DUAN F W, et al. Experimental study on grafting transformation of local bayberry tree[J]. J West China For Sci, 2012, 41(2):87-90.DOI:10.16473/j.cnki.xblykx1972.2012.02.013.
Cited in this article [1]
[24]
SOSNOWSKI M R, CREASER M L, WICKS T J, et al. Protection of grapevine pruning wounds from infection by Eutypa lata[J]. Aust J Grape Wine Res, 2008, 14(2):134-142.DOI:10.1111/j.1755-0238.2008.00015.x.
Cited in this article [1]
[25]
KOTZE C, VAN NIEKERK J, MOSTERT L, et al. Evaluation of biocontrol agents for grapevine pruning wound protection against trunk pathogen infection[J]. Phytopathol Mediterr, 2011, 50, S247-S263.
Cited in this article [1]
PDF(3551 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail
Sections
Recommended
The full text is translated into English by AI, aiming to facilitate reading and comprehension. The core content is subject to the explanation in Chinese.

Author

Reader

Reviewer

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

/

〈 〉