Growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of walnut (Juglans regia) seedling under different nitrogen supply levels

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104016

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 119-126.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104016

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Growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of walnut (Juglans regia) seedling under different nitrogen supply levels

HUANG Xiaohui¹^,²(), WU Jiaojiao³, WANG Yushu², FENG Dalan², SUN Xiangyang¹^,^*()

1. Forestry College, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Forest Ecological Protection and Restoration in The Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 400036, China
3. Forestry College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2021-04-12 Accepted:2021-10-14 Online:2022-03-30 Published:2022-04-08
Contact: SUN Xiangyang E-mail:407221681@qq.com;sunxy@bjfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The adaptability of walnut (Juglans regia L.) to nitrogen deficiency and respective adaptive mechanisms were studied.【Method】Different nitrogen deficiency treatments, including a control (CK), moderate nitrogen deficiency (MN), and severe nitrogen deficiency (SN), were used to study the effects of nitrogen deficiency stress on morphological characteristics, growth, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of walnut seedlings.【Result】Nitrogen deficiency caused walnut seedlings to lose green but a show yellow coloration, and the growth was decreased. Biomass of the above-ground and below-ground parts, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content were significantly lower compared to the control, and the decrease was more pronounced with the increasing nitrogen deficiency and over time, especially in the late treatment (60-75 d). The values of F_v/F_mand F_v'/F_m' of walnut seedlings treated subjected to MN and SN treatments were significantly affected at the early (0-30 d) and late stage (60-75 d). The actual photochemical efficiency (Φ_PSII), electron transfer rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) decreased significantly with the increasing stress, whereas the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) increased with the increasing stress, and the effect was more pronounced in the late stage (60-75 d). The aboveground biomass was positively correlated with the belowground biomass, leaf area, root surface area, chlorophyll a content, F_v/F_m, and ETR, whereas the chlorophyll a content was positively correlated with the leaf area, leaf thickness, F_v/F_m, and F_v/F_m'. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen deficiency inhibits absorption and assimilation of nitrogen, hinders the root growth, and affects absorption and utilization of nutrients in walnut seedlings; as a result, the seedlings show dwarfism, weak growth, and smaller leaves with the brighter coloration. Under the nitrogen deficiency stress, the decrease in photosynthetic pigment content in walnuts can also reduce the ability of chloroplasts to absorb light and reduce photosynthetic electron transfer rates and the utilization efficiency of light energy, thereby limiting the photosynthetic rates and plant growth.

Key words: nitrogen deficiency, walnut, morphological characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

CLC Number:

S687.9
S718

HUANG Xiaohui, WU Jiaojiao, WANG Yushu, FENG Dalan, SUN Xiangyang. Growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of walnut (Juglans regia) seedling under different nitrogen supply levels[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(2): 119-126.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.2

Table 5

Correlation coefficients among mulberry tree indexes"

指标 index	ABS	LS	LT	RB	RSA	RSR	Chl a	Chl b	Car	F_v/F_m	$F v'$ / $F m'$	Φ_PSⅡ	ETR	qP	NPQ
ABS	1.00
LS	0.84^*	1.00
LT	0.38	0.75	1.00
RB	0.95^**	0.71	0.21	1.00
RSA	0.89^*	0.75	0.20	0.87^*	1.00
RSR	0.42	0.19	-0.27	0.66	0.58	1.00
Chl a	0.81^*	0.84^*	0.83^*	0.75	0.70	-0.24	1.00
Chl b	-0.42	-0.11	0.34	-0.51	-0.63	-0.56	0.11	1.00
Car	0.14	0.22	0.36	0.02	0.10	-0.27	0.44	-0.35	1.00
F_v/F_m	0.80^*	0.61	0.26	0.35	0.71	0.11	0.83^*	-0.37	0.20	1.00
$F v'$ / $F m'$	0.57	0.40	0.35	-0.08	0.31	-0.37	0.88^*	-0.02	0.32	0.81^*	1.00
Φ_PSⅡ	0.14	0.25	0.54	0.38	0.10	-0.61	0.42	0.34	0.35	0.73	0.83^*	1.00
ETR	0.78^*	0.61	0.51	0.54	0.29	-0.76	0.85^*	0.49	0.28	0.30	0.74	0.96^**	1.00
qP	0.44	0.36	0.54	0.59	0.59	-0.70	0.69	0.63	0.26	-0.24	0.25	0.73	0.78^*	1.00
NPQ	-0.45	-0.13	-0.45	-0.66	-0.61	0.90^**	-0.22	-0.66	-0.23	0.16	-0.33	-0.70	-0.84^*	-0.86^*	1.00

Table 5

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营养条件 nutrient conditions		处理 treatment
营养条件 nutrient conditions		CK	MN	SN
大量元素用量/ (mg·L^-1) macro element	Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O	945	472.5	—
	KNO₃	607	303.5	—
	NH₄H₂PO₄	115	57.5	—
	MgSO₄	493.0	493.0	493.0
	CaCl₂	—	222.2	444.5
	KCl	—	223.7	447.3
	NaH₂PO₄·H₂O	—	70.9	141.7
铁盐用量/(g·L^-1) (pH=5.5) iron salt	FeSO₄·7H₂O	5.56	5.56	5.56
铁盐用量/(g·L^-1) (pH=5.5) iron salt	Na₂EDTA	7.46	7.46	7.46
微量元素用量/ (mg·L^-1) (pH=6.0) micro element	KI	0.83	0.83	0.83
	MnSO₄	22.30	22.30	22.30
	Na₂MoO₄	0.25	0.25	0.25
	CuSO₄	0.025	0.025	0.025
	CoCl₂	0.025	0.025	0.025
	H₃BO₃	6.20	6.20	6.20
	ZnSO₄	8.60	8.60	8.60

处理时间/d treatment time	地上部分生物量/g above-ground biomass			叶面积/cm² leaf area			叶片厚度/mm leaf thickness
处理时间/d treatment time	CK	MN	SN	CK	MN	SN	CK	MN	SN
0	1.58±0.09 Fa	1.63±0.08 Fa	1.59±0.09 Ea	59.4±3.08 Ca	57.8±3.10 Ea	58.2±4.09 Ba	0.15±0.01 Ba	0.16±0.01 Ba	0.14±0.01 Aa
15	3.13±0.18 Ea	2.09±0.12 Eb	2.28±0.11 Db	95.5±7.21 Ba	65.3±6.15 Db	59.9±6.13 Bb	0.21±0.01 Aa	0.16±0.02 Bb	0.15±0.01 Ab
30	5.95±0.24 Da	4.14±0.27 Db	3.54±0.19 Cc	96.8±8.20 Ba	77.3±6.16 Cb	61.2±5.18 Bc	0.22±0.02 Aa	0.19±0.01 Ab	0.13±0.01 Ac
45	11.38±0.59 Ca	9.34±0.43 Cb	6.34±0.32 Bc	112.3±8.45 Aa	89.7±6.39 Bb	66.8±6.23 Ac	0.22±0.02 Aa	0.16±0.01 Bb	0.13±0.01 Ac
60	17.43±0.83 Ba	13.24±0.64 Bb	7.28±0.46 Ac	115.4±9.85 Aa	96.6±7.69 Ab	69.0±6.52 Ac	0.19±0.01 Aa	0.17±0.01 Ba	0.12±0.02 Ab
75	24.61±1.69 Aa	14.48±1.12 Ab	7.57±0.63 Ac	119.3±9.83 Aa	97.9±7.18 Ab	70.9±7.13 Ac	0.21±0.01 Aa	0.15±0.01 Bb	0.13±0.01 Aa

处理时间/d treatment time	根系生物量/g root biomass			根系表面积/cm² root surface-area			根冠比/% root-shoot ratio
处理时间/d treatment time	CK	MN	SN	CK	MN	SN	CK	MN	SN
0	1.12±0.08 Fa	1.21±0.10 Fa	1.17±0.09 Fa	35.9±3.4 Fa	38.4±3.7 Fa	36.8±3.2 Fa	0.71±0.05 Ba	0.74±0.06 Da	0.73±0.05 Ea
15	3.17±0.21 Ea	1.63±0.15 Eb	1.59±0.13 Eb	252.8±17.2Ea	194.9±14.1 Eb	88.1±7.1 Ec	1.01±0.06 Aa	0.78±0.04 Db	0.70±0.05 Eb
30	3.76±0.20 Da	3.21±0.16 Db	3.38±0.18 Db	464.5±28.2 Da	423.4±26.6 Db	342.3±21.5 Dc	0.63±0.04 Cc	0.78±0.05 Db	0.95±0.08 Ca
45	8.84±0.45 Ca	8.14±0.39 Ca	5.13±0.23 Cb	977.5±40.5 Ca	811.4±38.4Cb	688.9±30.3 Cc	0.78±0.05 Bb	0.87±0.06 Ca	0.81±0.06 Dab
60	16.34±0.85 Ba	13.25±0.69 Bb	8.78±0.52Bc	1002.4±64.3 Ba	870.5±54. 9 Bb	808.7±50.5 Bb	0.94±0.07 Ab	1.00±0.09 Bb	1.21±0.11 Ba
75	23.97±1.83 Aa	19.59±1.18 Ab	15.05±1.13 Ac	1214.6±75.4 Aa	941.6±61. 8 Ab	892.7±51.6 Ac	0.97±0.09 Ac	1.35±0.12 Ab	1.99±0.14 Aa

处理时间/d treatment time	叶绿素a含量/(mg·g^-1) chlorophyll a content			叶绿素b含量/(mg·g^-1) chlorophyll b content			类胡萝卜素含量/(mg·g^-1) carotenoid content
处理时间/d treatment time	CK	MN	SN	CK	MN	SN	CK	MN	SN
0	2.62±0.21 Da	2.58±0.23 Aa	2.59±0.24 ABa	1.86±0.12 Ba	1.93±0.15 Aa	1.97±0.14 Ba	0.36±0.03 Ca	0.33±0.03 Ca	0.35±0.03 Ba
15	2.95±0.24 Ca	2.57±0.22 Aa	2.87±0.26 Aa	2.62±0.21 Aa	2.11±0.19 Ab	2.24±0.19 Ab	0.13±0.01 Db	0.27±0.02 Da	0.23±0.02 Ca
30	3.43±0.28 Ba	2.92±0.28 Ab	2.60±0.24 Bc	1.40±0.11 Da	1.16±0.08 Bb	1.01±0.09 Cb	0.97±0.08 Aa	0.83±0.07 Aa	0.64±0.05 Ab
45	2.92±0.25 Ca	2.76±0.26 Ba	2.61±0.23 Ba	1.86±0.15 Ba	0.99±0.06 Cb	0.89±0.07 Db	0.35±0.03 Ca	0.34±0.03 Ca	0.34±0.03 Ba
60	4.08±0.37 Aa	3.32±0.31 Ab	2.79±0.27 Bc	1.62±0.13 Ca	1.27±0.11 Bb	1.15±0.10 Cb	0.54±0.05 Ba	0.44±0.04 bBb	0.39±0.03 Bb
75	3.86±0.34 Aa	2.70±0.25 Bb	1.87±0.17 Cc	1.11±0.10 Ea	0.96±0.08 Cb	0.61±0.07 Ec	0.50±0.04 Ba	0.36±0.03 Cb	0.22±0.02 Cc

Growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of walnut (Juglans regia) seedling under different nitrogen supply levels

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