Phenotypic traits differentiations and classifications of the F1 hybrid progenies of Populus deltoides × P. cathayana at the seedling stage

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104031

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 40-48.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104031

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Phenotypic traits differentiations and classifications of the F₁ hybrid progenies of Populus deltoides × P. cathayana at the seedling stage

ZHANG Qingyuan¹(), TIAN Ye¹^,^*(), WANG Miao², ZHAI Zheng¹, ZHOU Shichao¹

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Bancheng-Malanghu Forest Farm, Sihong 223900, China

Received:2021-04-21 Revised:2021-08-22 Online:2022-09-30 Published:2022-10-19
Contact: TIAN Ye E-mail:2474644402@qq.com;tianyes@hotmail.com;tianye@njfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The variations in growth and phenotypic traits of the F₁ hybrid progenies of Populus deltoides ‘Lux’ × P. cathayana were investigated at the cutting-seedling stage to interpret their biological and ecological significance, and to classify the F₁ hybrid clones in order to evaluate the resistance of clones and their target uses comprehensively. The results can provide basic information for matching suitable poplar clones with afforestation sites under the background of climate change such as frequent drought. 【Method】 Using the cuttings with one-year stem and three-year root of 36 F₁ hybrid progenies in Bancheng-Malanghu Forest Farm of Sihong City, Jiangsu Province, 17 traits on seedling growth, leaf morphology, stomatal properties, and lateral branching characteristics were investigated and the variations of each trait were analyzed. Based on the trait variations, the 36 hybrid clones were categorized and evaluated for potential use on afforestation selection on different sites. 【Result】 The 36 F₁ hybrid progeny showed a significant variation on growth and phenotypic traits, expressing continuous normal distributions for each trait in general. Among all the traits, the number of lateral branches and the germination ratio of lateral buds showed the largest coefficients of variations as 102.0% and 93.5%, respectively. A correlation analysis showed that the traits related to growth were positively correlated with those related to leaf morphology and branching characteristics significantly; however, no significant correlation was found with stomatal properties. The single leaf area and dry mass were negatively correlated with the leaf length-to-width ratio, and positively correlated with the upper-to-lower ratio of leaf stomatal density significantly. The leaf length-to-width ratio was also negatively correlated with the relative length of petiole (the ratio of petiole length to leaf length) and the upper-to-lower ratio of leaf stomatal density significantly. Single leaf area and dry mass showed a constant scaling relation for all the 36 clones, with an allometric index of 1.007 4, which was not related to branching characteristics. Using a principal component analysis, the 36 F₁ hybrid clones were classified into eight categories with specific properties on growth, branching and potential drought resistance. 【Conclusion】The F₁ hybrid progenies of P. deltoides × P. cathayana have abundant variations in growth and phenotypic traits, which provides phenotype-function information for clone choice for afforestation under changing climate and site conditions at an early stage. The four clones in category Ⅳ have highest growth performances, few lateral branches, and phenotypic traits such as leaf morphology and stomatal characteristics that show drought tolerance, and are suitable for further adaptive afforestation experiments in arid plains or mountainous areas.

Key words: southern type poplar, hybrid progeny, phenotypic traits, leaf morphology, allometric scaling analysis, branching characteristics, stomatal density

CLC Number:

S722

ZHANG Qingyuan, TIAN Ye, WANG Miao, ZHAI Zheng, ZHOU Shichao. Phenotypic traits differentiations and classifications of the F₁ hybrid progenies of Populus deltoides × P. cathayana at the seedling stage[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2022, 46(5): 40-48.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.1

Table 3

Fig.2

Table 4

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性状 traits	量符号 symbol	变异范围 range	平均值 average	标准差 SD	变异系数/% CV	偏度 skewness	峰度 kurtosis	F	P
苗高/m seedling height	X₁	2.3~4.7	3.3	0.5	15.7	0.7	0.7	12.2	<0.001
地径/cm ground diameter	X₂	1.3~3.1	2.1	0.4	20.4	0.7	0.0	8.9	<0.001
总芽数 number of buds	X₃	54.3~96.7	74.2	9.2	12.4	0.4	0.3	9.1	<0.001
侧枝数 number of lateral branches	X₄	0.0~19.2	5.0	5.1	102.0	1.1	0.4	6.8	<0.001
侧芽萌发率/% germination ratio of lateral buds	X₅	0.0~20.0	6.2	5.8	93.5	0.8	-0.6	6.4	<0.001
叶长/cm leaf length	X₆	16.0~27.2	21.5	2.4	11.1	0.1	0.3	6.8	<0.001
叶宽/cm leaf width	X₇	11.6~22.2	16.6	2.5	15.1	0.3	-0.2	9.6	<0.001
叶片长宽比 leaf length-to-width ratio	X₈	1.0~1.5	1.3	0.1	7.1	-0.5	1.0	5.4	<0.001
叶柄长/cm petiole length	X₉	6.1~14.0	8.8	1.6	17.6	1.6	3.7	24.4	<0.001
叶柄相对长 relative length of petiole	X₁₀	0.3~0.6	0.4	0.1	14.3	1.5	3.8	7.5	<0.001
单叶面积/cm² single leaf area	X₁₁	118.0~376.5	235.0	62.8	26.7	0.4	0.0	7.8	<0.001
单叶干质量/g single leaf dry mass	X₁₂	1.0~3.3	2.1	0.5	26.0	0.2	0.0	7.3	<0.001
比叶质量/(g·m^-2) specific leaf mass	X₁₃	70.5~112.8	88.4	9.9	11.2	0.5	0.2	6.8	<0.001
上表皮气孔密度/(个·mm^-2) stomatal density of upper leaf epidermis	X₁₄	53.6~169.0	88.0	22.5	25.6	1.2	3.3	35.4	<0.001
下表皮气孔密度/(个·mm^-2) stomatal density of lower leaf epidermis	X₁₅	108.2~175.8	137.7	16.1	11.7	0.2	-0.5	16.3	<0.001
上下表皮气孔密度比 upper-to-lower ratio of leaf stomatal density	X₁₆	0.4~1.0	0.6	0.2	25.0	0.5	-0.2	50.7	<0.001
总气孔密度/(个·mm^-2) total leaf stomatal density	X₁₇	88.6~151.8	112.9	14.3	12.7	0.6	0.0	17.6	<0.001

性状 traits	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂	X₁₃	X₁₄	X₁₅	X₁₆
X₂	0.90^**
X₃	0.57^**	0.41^*
X₄	0.63^**	0.61^**	0.79^**
X₅	0.62^**	0.64^**	0.74^**	0.99^**
X₆	0.71^**	0.66^**	0.39^*	0.41^*	0.42^*
X₇	0.69^**	0.66^**	0.37^*	0.42^*	0.43^**	0.88^**
X₈	-0.37^*	-0.38^*	-0.19	-0.27	-0.29	-0.32	-0.72^**
X₉	0.62^**	0.63^**	0.14	0.25	0.26	0.55^**	0.69^**	-0.56^**
X₁₀	0.18	0.23	-0.16	-0.03	-0.02	-0.11	0.15	-0.44^**	0.76^**
X₁₁	0.70^**	0.68^**	0.37^*	0.43^**	0.44^**	0.94^**	0.98^**	-0.59^**	0.65^**	0.05
X₁₂	0.54^**	0.56^**	0.11	0.17	0.20	0.91^**	0.88^**	-0.44^**	0.56^**	-0.03	0.92^**
X₁₃	-0.38^*	-0.26	-0.64^**	-0.59^**	-0.57^**	-0.10	-0.25	0.37^*	-0.21	-0.18	-0.22	0.19
X₁₄	0.13	0.15	-0.07	-0.00	-0.01	0.20	0.48^**	-0.67^**	0.51^**	0.48^**	0.39^*	0.37^*	-0.07
X₁₅	-0.24	-0.42^*	0.03	-0.11	-0.14	-0.14	-0.22	0.21	-0.24	-0.16	-0.22	-0.18	0.06	0.07
X₁₆	0.28	0.37^*	-0.01	0.10	0.10	0.32	0.60^**	-0.72^**	0.59^**	0.46^**	0.53^**	0.49^**	-0.10	0.87^**	-0.39^*
X₁₇	-0.03	-0.12	-0.04	-0.07	-0.09	0.08	0.25	-0.41^*	0.27	0.28	0.18	0.19	-0.03	0.83^**	0.62^**	0.46^**

性状 traits	PC1	PC2	PC3	性状 traits	PC1	PC2	PC3
X₃	0.20	-0.09	0.86	X₁₁	0.91	0.28	0.24
X₄	0.26	-0.02	0.91	X₁₂	0.96	0.20	-0.10
X₅	0.29	-0.02	0.88	X₁₃	0.11	-0.21	-0.83
X₆	0.93	0.05	0.20	X₁₄	0.17	0.92	-0.08
X₇	0.86	0.40	0.26	X₁₅	-0.36	0.07	-0.03
X₈	-0.36	-0.72	-0.25	X₁₆	0.40	0.78	-0.02
X₉	0.49	0.64	0.15	X₁₇	-0.07	0.77	-0.08
X₁₀	-0.14	0.75	0.03

类型 category	无性系数 number of clones	表型性状 phenotypic traits	生长性状 growth traits
Ⅰ	3	侧芽萌发率接近0,几乎无侧枝,叶片长宽比小,上下表皮气孔密度比大	生长量大
Ⅱ	6	侧芽萌发率较高,侧枝多,叶片长宽比小,上下表皮气孔密度比大	生长量大
Ⅲ	5	侧芽萌发率高,侧枝多,叶片长宽比大,上下表皮气孔密度比小	生长量大
Ⅳ	4	侧芽萌发率较低,侧枝较少,叶片长宽比大,上下表皮气孔密度比小	生长量最大
Ⅴ	5	侧芽萌发率较低,侧枝较少,叶片长宽比小,上下表皮气孔密度比大	生长量较小
Ⅵ	3	侧芽萌发率低,侧枝少,叶片长宽比小,上下表皮气孔密度比大	生长量较小
Ⅶ	7	侧芽萌发率较低,侧枝较少,叶片长宽比大,上下表皮气孔密度比小	生长量较小
Ⅷ	3	侧芽萌发率较高,侧枝多,叶片长宽比大,上下表皮气孔密度比小	生长量较小

Phenotypic traits differentiations and classifications of the F₁ hybrid progenies of Populus deltoides × P. cathayana at the seedling stage

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[1]	WU Changfeng, GUO Jing, WANG Guibin. Morphological and physiological responses of male and female Ginkgo biloba to temperature changes [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(4): 150-158.
[2]	TAO Tao, LIU Yaohui, XUE Zhongjun, GAO Yue, YUAN Luhong, ZHENG Fen, WU Wei, HUANG Jieying. Studies on the phenotypic traits and quality characteristics of seven superior tree nuts of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’ [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(2): 37-44.
[3]	LI Jianhui, LI Bohai, WU Sizheng, BAI Wenfu, YU Lin, NIE Dongling, YAN Jiawen, XIONG Ying, XIANG Zuheng, PENG Xianfeng. Research on the nutphenotypic traits and diversities of walnut in western Hunan [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(1): 171-179.
[4]	CHENG Juan, DING Fangjun, TAN Zhenghong, LIAO Liguo, ZHOU Ting, CUI Yingchun. Leaf stomatal morphological characteristics and their effects on transpiration for two tree species in Maolan Karst area,Guizhou Province [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(5): 125-132.
[5]	TIAN Li, XU Chengwei, SHANG Xulan, FU Xiangxiang. Evaluation and selection on superior individuals for medicinal use of Cyclocarya paliurus [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(1): 21-28.
[6]	MAI Baoying, HONG Zhou, XU Daping, LUO Mingdao, ZHANG Ningnan, HUANG Xizhao. Variation of seed germination and seedling growth among different families of Dalbergia cochinchinensis [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2019, 43(02): 153-160.
[7]	JIN Gaozhong, REN Huadong, YAO Xiaohua, WANG Kailiang, YANG Shuiping. Study on phenotypic diversity of seed and fruit in natural populations of Camellia reticulate f.simplex in the west of Yunnan,China [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2013, 37(06): 53-58.
[8]	Cao Fuliang. EFFECTS OF PLANTING DENSITY ON WOOD PROPERTIES [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 1994, 18(02): 41-46.
[9]	Cao Fuliang Xu Xizeng Lu Shixmg Huang Minren Fang Shengzhou. A STUDY ON THE DENSITY EFFECT LAW OF THE SOUTHERN TYPE POPLARS [J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 1991, 15(03): 12-19.