Estimation and spatio-temperal evolution on eco-efficiency of forest in China

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105037

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 167-177.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202105037

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Estimation and spatio-temperal evolution on eco-efficiency of forest in China

YU Honghong(), YANG Jiameng^*()

College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2021-05-23 Revised:2021-07-14 Online:2023-03-30 Published:2023-03-28

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The ecological efficiency of forest is calculated to analyze its temporal and spatial evolution law, so as to provide a decision-making reference for maintaining the health of the forest ecosystem and formulating a regional “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral” implementation plan. 【Method】 Based on the BCC model of data envelopment analysis, combined with the Global Malmquist model, the dynamic change of forest eco-efficiency in 31 provinial level adminis trative units (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2009 to 2018 was measured from the two-dimensional perspective of time and space. 【Result】 During the observation period, the forest ecological efficiency of non-DEA effective provinces in China was significantly higher than DEA-effective provinces. The overall pure technical efficiency of the country was high, but there were problems of input redundancy and insufficient output, and the regional scale efficiency had shown a downward trend. The trend of the technological efficiency change index was opposite to that of the technological progress index, which caused the Global Malmquist index of forest ecological efficiency to fluctuate greatly. The areas with high forest eco-efficiency have expanded and evolved from the northeast and southwest regions to the central and western regions. 【Conclusion】 The overall forest ecological efficiency in China is on the rise; the technical efficiency level is low but the pure technical efficiency is high. Most provinces are in the stage of efficiency improvement; thus, the forest ecological efficiency varies greatly in the provinces but presents a trend of gradual equalization.

Key words: forest eco-efficiency, BCC model, Global Malmquist index, spatial pattern

CLC Number:

F326.2

YU Honghong, YANG Jiameng. Estimation and spatio-temperal evolution on eco-efficiency of forest in China[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(2): 167-177.

Figures/Tables 10

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准则层 criterion layer	指标类型 index type	指标层 index layer
投入指标 input indicator	人才建设	林业从业人员数量x₁/人
		在岗职工年平均工资x₂/元
	森林改造	新增造林比重x₃/%
		林业有害生物发生防治率x₄/%
	建设资金	生态建设保护投入x₅/万元
		森林公园单位面积投入强度x₆/(元·hm^-2)
产出指标 output indicator		森林单位面积蓄积量y₁/(m³·hm^-2)

省域 province	2009年			2018年
省域 province	综合效率 combined efficiency	纯技术效率 pure technical efficiency	规模效率 scale efficiency	综合效率 combined efficiency	纯技术效率 pure technical efficiency	规模效率 scale efficiency
北京 Beijing	0.049	0.342	0.143	0.148	0.558	0.265
天津 Tianjing	0.516	1	0.516	1	1	1
河北Hebei	0.100	0.699	0.143	0.281	0.905	0.310
山西Shanxi	0.173	0.705	0.246	0.414	0.998	0.415
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	0.315	0.869	0.363	0.499	0.971	0.514
辽宁 Liaoning	0.235	0.781	0.301	0.584	1	0.584
吉林Jilin	0.798	0.994	0.803	1	1	1
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	0.734	1	0.734	1	1	1
上海 Shanghai	0.235	1	0.235	0.789	1	0.789
江苏 Jiangsu	0.264	1	0.264	0.476	0.916	0.520
浙江 Zhejiang	0.107	0.536	0.201	0.244	0.629	0.388
安徽Anhui	0.269	0.903	0.298	0.581	0.910	0.638
福建Fujian	0.290	0.667	0.435	0.701	0.838	0.837
江西Jiangxi	0.321	1	0.321	0.468	1	0.468
山东 Shandong	0.124	0.620	0.200	0.301	0.786	0.383
河南 Henan	0.301	0.980	0.307	0.698	1	0.698
湖北 Hubei	0.278	0.989	0.281	0.452	0.820	0.551
湖南 Hunan	0.213	0.840	0.254	0.351	0.881	0.398
广东 Guangdong	0.144	0.605	0.238	0.324	0.651	0.498
广西 Guangxi	0.206	0.817	0.252	0.515	1	0.515
海南 Hainan	0.317	1	0.317	0.993	1	0.993
重庆 Chongqing	0.211	0.727	0.290	0.375	0.812	0.462
四川 Sichuan	0.528	0.761	0.694	0.770	0.942	0.817
贵州 Guizhou	0.237	0.743	0.319	0.451	0.775	0.582
云南 Yunnan	0.434	0.719	0.604	0.541	0.636	0.851
西藏 Tibet	1	1	1	1	1	1
陕西 Shaanxi	0.212	0.677	0.313	0.507	0.875	0.579
甘肃 Gansu	0.208	0.745	0.279	0.497	1	0.497
青海 Qinghai	0.058	0.757	0.077	0.073	0.905	0.081
宁夏 Ningxia	0.045	0.665	0.068	0.138	1	0.138
新疆 Xinjiang	0.226	0.736	0.307	0.429	1	0.429
全国均值 average	0.295	0.802	0.348	0.535	0.897	0.587

类别 category	省域 province
第1类(森林生态效率值有效区)the first category areas(effective areas of forest eco-efficiency values)	黑龙江、吉林、西藏、福建、云南、广西、海南、四川、天津
第2类(综合效率值与纯技术效率值双高区)the second category areas(double high areas of combined efficiency values and pure technical efficiency values)	辽宁、内蒙古、安徽、贵州、河南、上海、广东、陕西、湖南、山西、湖北、江西、江苏、新疆、甘肃、重庆
第3类(综合效率值与规模效率值双低区)the third category areas(double low areas of combined efficiency values and scale efficiency values)	山东、浙江、宁夏、青海、河北、北京

年份 year	GM	EC	TC
2009—2010	0.947	1.136	0.926
2010—2011	0.948	2.086	0.554
2011—2012	0.907	0.873	1.091
2012—2013	0.947	1.203	0.835
2013—2014	1.020	0.943	1.158
2014—2015	0.971	1.044	0.935
2015—2016	0.967	1.201	0.809
2016—2017	0.933	1.071	0.877
2017—2018	0.998	0.896	1.123
均值average	0.960	1.161	0.923

省域 province	GM	EC	TC	省域 province	GM	EC	TC
北京Beijing	1.122	1.204	1.072	海南Hainan	1.154	1.348	1.032
天津Tianjin	1.087	1.137	1.066	重庆Chongqing	0.995	1.124	0.996
河北Hebei	0.930	1.210	0.869	四川Sichuan	0.906	1.112	0.924
山西Shanxi	0.916	1.185	0.872	贵州Guizhou	0.905	1.166	0.867
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	0.894	1.125	0.890	云南Yunnan	0.900	1.087	0.919
辽宁Liaoning	0.921	1.191	0.871	西藏Tibet	1.005	1.000	1.005
吉林Liaoning	0.900	1.043	0.889	陕西Shaanxi	0.920	1.167	0.870
黑龙江Heilongjiang	1.027	1.052	1.007	甘肃Gansu	0.913	1.170	0.864
上海Shanghai	1.157	1.270	1.160	青海Qinghai	1.020	1.297	0.929
江苏Jiangsu	0.898	1.142	0.873	宁夏Ningxia	0.992	1.255	0.875
浙江Zhejiang	1.067	1.205	0.956	新疆Xinjiang	0.889	1.171	0.888
安徽Anhui	0.903	1.160	0.867	东北地区Northeast China	0.949	1.095	0.922
福建Fujian	0.915	1.164	0.858	华东地区East China	0.962	1.173	0.924
江西Jiangxi	0.879	1.094	0.880	华北地区North China	0.990	1.172	0.954
山东Shandong	0.916	1.180	0.870	华中地区Central China	0.897	1.139	0.870
河南Henan	0.914	1.169	0.866	华南地区South China	1.026	1.227	0.955
湖北Hubei	0.880	1.128	0.867	西南地区Southwest China	0.942	1.098	0.942
湖南Hunan	0.896	1.118	0.878	西北地区Northwest China	0.947	1.212	0.885
广东Guangdong	0.907	1.139	0.857	全国均值average	0.960	1.161	0.923
广西Guangxi	1.016	1.192	0.976

Estimation and spatio-temperal evolution on eco-efficiency of forest in China

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省域 province	投入冗余情况 input redundancy						产出不足情况y₁/ (m³·hm^-2) output deficiency
省域 province	x₁/人	x₂/元	x₃/%	x₄/%	x₅/万元	x₆/(元·hm^-2)	产出不足情况y₁/ (m³·hm^-2) output deficiency
北京Beijing	0	0.0	0.9	19.8	960 644.7	0.0	66.0
天津Tianjian	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
河北Hebei	0	0.0	1.8	11.6	1 038 352.5	0.0	6.0
山西Shanxi	0	0.0	7.5	11.9	578 176.0	0.0	19.2
内蒙古	0	0.0	0.5	0.0	785 918.5	0.0	28.9
辽宁Liaoning	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
吉林Jining	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
黑龙江Heilongjiang	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
上海Shanghai	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
江苏Jiangsu	0	4 205.8	0.0	26.6	168 082.4	0.0	19.3
浙江Zhejiang	0	1 724.0	0.0	31.5	60 569.6	0.0	56.4
安徽Anhui	0	3 547.9	0.0	23.9	219 478.5	0.0	5.9
福建Fujian	0	779.0	0.9	39.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
江西Jiangxi	3 571	3 525.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18.1
山东Shandong	0	317.6	0.0	20.6	308 805.2	0.0	23.5
河南Henan	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
湖北Hubei	0	0.0	1.2	0.0	109 950.2	0.0	10.4
湖南Hunan	14 081	464.2	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	13.1
广东Guangdong	0	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	18.8
广西Guangxi	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
海南Hainan	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
重庆Chongqing	0	5 931.5	2.8	17.5	233 089.1	0.0	0.0
四川Sichuan	0	0.0	0.0	6.7	482 762.5	0.0	0.0
贵州Guizhou	0	9 252.3	0.0	13.5	605 921.9	0.0	9.7
云南Yunnan	0	0.0	0.3	20.0	388 385.6	0.0	0.0
西藏Tibet	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
陕西Shaanxi	0	0.0	0.9	0.0	279 002.9	0.0	0.0
甘肃Gansu	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
青海Qinghai	9 661	0.0	2.9	47.0	0.0	0.0	121.4
宁夏Ningxia	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
新疆Xinjiang	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

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