A comprehensive evaluation of ornamental characteristics and adaptability of willows based on analytic hierarchy processes

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106002

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 169-176.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106002

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A comprehensive evaluation of ornamental characteristics and adaptability of willows based on analytic hierarchy processes

GUO Jiahui¹(), JIAO Zhongyi²(), HE Xudong², ZHUGE Qiang¹^,^*(), ZHOU Jie²^,^*()

1. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Willow Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 211153, China

Received:2021-06-01 Accepted:2021-08-30 Online:2021-11-30 Published:2021-12-02
Contact: ZHUGE Qiang,ZHOU Jie E-mail:1060104004@qq.com;40363958@qq.com;qzhuge@njfu.edu.cn;zjwin718@126.com

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The color of willow branches is diverse, but the branches of cultivated willows are dark in winter, and the floating catkins, while necessary for reproduction, are troublesome to handle. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation of ornamental traits, such as branch color after leaves have fallen, adaptability, and fertility, serves as an important basis for the selection of ornamental willow germplasm resources and the selection of new varieties. 【Method】 Twenty willow clones with various branch colors and ornamental values were selected as experimental materials. According to the analytic hierarchy process, two target layers were set: ornamental and adaptability. On this basis, 11 factor layers were set up. Indicators were scored quantitatively, and the weight value and assignment of each evaluation indicator were determined. The preliminary establishment of the evaluation hierarchy model (based on differences in observation characteristics such as stem type, branch color, fertility, adaptability, preservation rate, and germination) was used to evaluate new willow clones with stable ornamental characteristics and good adaptability in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China.【Result】 The weight ranking of each index in the factor layer to the total target was as follows: trunk color (F3)> twig color (F4)> plant height (F1)> catkin fertility (F7)> disease and insect resistance index (F9)> growth preservation rate (F8)> stem style (F2)> germination time (F10)> branch number (F6)> branch angle (F5)> flowering time (F11). Trunk color (F3), twig color (F4), and plant height (F1) contributed significantly to the ornamental properties of willow clones, with weights of 0.281 3, 0.193 0, and 0.127 7, respectively; these are the main indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of ornamental traits. The results showed that Salix miyabeana 78, 77, 85 and 80 clones can be selected as red-yellow color-branched willow clones, which have high ornamental values.【Conclusion】 In this study, we used the analytic hierarchy process to construct a structural model to comprehensively evaluate superior willow clones such as Salix miyabeana, S. integra, S. caprea, S. eriocephala, S. integra, S. integra ‘Hakuro Nishiki’, and S. purpurea. The selected colorful willow trees have an important reference basis for the genetic improvement of ornamental willow clones.

Key words: shrub willow, ornamental characteristic, analytic hierarchy process, Salix miyabeana, Salix eriocephala

CLC Number:

S687
S718

GUO Jiahui, JIAO Zhongyi, HE Xudong, ZHUGE Qiang, ZHOU Jie. A comprehensive evaluation of ornamental characteristics and adaptability of willows based on analytic hierarchy processes[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2021, 45(6): 169-176.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Characteristics of each clone of willow"

无性系 clone	树种 species	主干颜色 stem color	小枝颜色 twig color	分枝角度/ (°) branch angle	分枝数 branch number	株高/m plant height			干型 stem style	保存率/% preservation ratio	抗病性 disease resistance	雌雄花育性 catkin fertility
无性系 clone	树种 species	主干颜色 stem color	小枝颜色 twig color	分枝角度/ (°) branch angle	分枝数 branch number	<2	≥2~3	≥3	干型 stem style	保存率/% preservation ratio	抗病性 disease resistance	雌雄花育性 catkin fertility
33	欧洲红皮柳 S. purpurea	橙红 orange red	橙红 orange red	≥30~60	6.1	√			直立	66.67	中	♂
48	钻石柳 S. eriocephala	黄绿 olivine	黄绿 olivine	≥30~60	8.7	√			直立	77.78	中	♂
53	钻石柳 S. eriocephala	橙红 orange red	橙红 orange red	≥60~80	13.8	√			直立	77.78	中	♂
57	钻石柳 S. eriocephala	黄绿 olivine	黄绿 olivine	≥60~80	10.8	√			稍弯	66.67	中	♂
77	宫布氏柳 S. miyabeana	橙红 orange red	橙红、红 orange red,red	<30	9.0			√	稍弯	93.30	强	♂
79	宫布氏柳 S. miyabeana	黄绿 olivine	橙色 orange	≥30~60	9.5		√		稍弯	93.30	强	♂
78	宫布氏柳 S. miyabeana	红 red	橙红 orange red	≥30~60	11.4		√		直立	93.30	强	♂
80	宫布氏柳 S. miyabeana	金黄 yellow	黄绿、橙色 olivine,orange	≥30~60	10.6			√	直立	93.30	强	♂
P61	杞柳 S. integra	灰绿 gray green	橙色、红 orange,red	<30	10.7		√		直立	100.00	强	♀
85	宫布氏柳 S. miyabeana	黄绿 olivine	橙红、红 orange red, red	≥30~60	11.6		√		直立	96.67	强	♂
87	尖叶紫柳×欧洲红皮柳 S. koriyanagi × S. purpurea	橙黄 orange	浅橙 light orange	≥30~60	13.6		√		直立	50.00	强	♂
88	宫布氏柳 S. miyabeana	黄绿 olivine	浅橙、红 light orange, red	<30	11.2			√	直立	83.30	强	♂
89	宫布氏柳 S. miyabeana	橙色 orange	橙红 orange red	<30	10.6			√	直立	56.67	强	♂
91	钻石柳 S. eriocephala	灰绿 gray green	灰绿 gray green	<30	11.8		√		直立	43.33	强	♂
92	蒿柳×宫布氏柳 S. viminalis × S. miyabeana	黄绿 olivine	黄绿、橙色 olivine, orange	≥30~60	18.2		√		直立	50.00	强	♂
P588	黄花柳 S. caprea	灰褐 dust-color	红red	≥60~80	11.8	√			稍弯	50.00	中	♀
P646	花叶柳 S. integra ‘Hakuro Nishiki’	灰色 grey	红red	≥60~80	7.7	√			稍弯	90.00	强	♀
P594	黄花柳 S. caprea	灰褐 dust-color	红褐 reddish brown	≥60~80	5.4	√			稍弯	50.00	强	♂
P716	钻石柳 S. eriocephala	灰褐 dust-color	暗红、红褐 dark red, reddish brown	≥60~80	10.2			√	直立	100.00	强	♂
‘苏柳 1053’	(簸箕柳×毛枝柳) 杂交F1代 S. uchowensis× S. dasyclados	红褐 reddish brown	暗红、紫红 dark red, mulberry	<30	9.2			√	直立	90.00	强	♀

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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目标层(T) target layer (T)	准则层(C) criterion layer (C)	因子层(F) factor layer (F)
观赏性评判(T1) ornamental evaluation	观赏性状 (C1) ornamental characters	F1-株高plant height
		F2-干型stem style
		F3-主干颜色stem color
		F4-小枝颜色twig color
		F5-分枝角度branch angle
		F6-分枝数branch number
		F7-雌雄花的育性catkin fertility
生长适应性评判(T2) evaluation of growth adaptability	适应性 (C2) adaptability	F8-生长保存率growth preservation ratio
		F9-抗病性disease resistance
		F10-萌芽早晚germination time
		F11-开花早晚flower time

层次模型 hierarchical model	判断矩阵 judgment matrix								权重 weight	一致性检验 consistency test
T-C		C1	C2							λ_max =2.000 0
	C1	1	4						0.800 0	I_C=0.000 0
	C2	1/4	1						0.200 0	R_C=0.000 0
C1		F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	F6	F7
	F1	1	3	1/3	1/2	5	4	2	0.159 613
	F2	1/3	1	1/5	1/4	3	2	1/2	0.067 818	λ_max= 7.195 23
	F3	3	5	1	2	7	6	4	0.351 662	I_C= 0.032 5
	F4	2	4	1/2	1	6	5	3	0.241 208	R_C= 0.023 9
	F5	1/5	1/3	1/7	1/6	1	1/2	1/4	0.030 781
	F6	1/4	1/2	1/6	1/5	2	1	1/3	0.044 877
	F7	1/2	2	1/4	1/3	4	3	1	0.104 041
C2		F8	F9	F10	F11
	F8	1	1/2	2	3				0.292 2	λ_max= 4.070 9
	F9	2	1	2	3				0.413 3	I_C= 0.023 6
	F10	1/2	1/2	1	2				0.186 7	R_C= 0.026 5
	F11	1/3	1/3	1/2	1				0.107 8

判断矩阵 judgment matrix	因子层(F) 相对于准则层(C)的权重 weight of F layer relative to C layer		因子层(F) 相对于目标层(T)权重 weight of F layer relative to T layer	排序 rank	判断矩阵 judgment matrix	因子层(F) 相对于准则层(C)的权重 weight of F layer relative to C layer		因子层(F) 相对于目标层(T)权重 weight of F layer relative to T layer	排序 rank
F1	C1 观赏价值 ornamental value	0.159 6	0.127 7	3	F7	C1 观赏价值 ornamental value	0.104 0	0.083 2	4
F2		0.067 8	0.054 3	7	F7	C1 观赏价值 ornamental value	0.104 0	0.083 2	4
F3		0.351 7	0.281 3	1	F8	C2 生长适应性 growth adaptability	0.292 2	0.058 4	6
F4		0.241 2	0.193 0	2	F9		0.413 3	0.082 7	5
F5		0.030 8	0.024 6	10	F10		0.186 7	0.037 3	8
F6		0.044 9	0.035 9	9	F11		0.107 8	0.021 6	11

序号 No.	评价指标 evaluating indicator	评分标准 scoring criteria
序号 No.	评价指标 evaluating indicator	1分	2分	3分	4分
1	株高/m plant height	< 2	≥2~3	≥3	—
2	干型stem style	稍弯	直立	—	—
3	主干颜色stem color	灰、灰绿、褐绿	黄、黄绿	橙红、橙色、浅红、红褐	红、紫红
4	小枝颜色twig color	灰绿、绿	黄绿	浅橙色、橙红	暗红、红褐、红
5	分枝角度/(°)branch angle	接近 90	≥60~ 80	≥30~ 60	<30
6	分枝数branch number	≥5~10	≥10~15	>15	—
7	雌雄花育性catkin fertility	♀	♂	—	—
8	生长保存率/% growth preservation rate	低(<80)	中(≥80~90)	高(>90)	—
9	抗病性disease resistance	弱	中等	强	—
10	萌芽早晚germination time	晚	早	—	—
11	开花早晚flowering time	晚	早	—	—

A comprehensive evaluation of ornamental characteristics and adaptability of willows based on analytic hierarchy processes

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无性系 clone	C1							C2				综合得分 score	排序 sort		等级 rank
无性系 clone	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	F6	F7	F8	F9	F10	F11	综合得分 score	排序 sort		等级 rank
78	2	2	4	3	3	2	2	3	3	2	2	2.921 4	1	Ⅰ
‘苏柳1053’	3	2	3	4	4	2	1	3	3	2	1	2.880 5	2
77	3	1	3	3	4	2	2	3	3	2	2	2.738 1	3
85	2	2	2	4	3	3	2	3	3	2	2	2.587 6	4
80	3	2	2	3	3	3	2	3	3	2	2	2.522 3	5
88	3	2	2	3	4	3	2	2	3	2	2	2.488 5	6	Ⅱ
79	2	1	2	3	3	3	2	3	3	2	2	2.340 3	7
87	2	2	2	3	3	3	2	1	3	2	2	2.277 7	8
92	2	2	2	3	3	4	2	1	3	1	1	2.254 7	9
33	1	2	3	3	3	2	2	1	2	1	1	2.253 9	10
P61	2	2	1	4	4	3	1	3	3	2	2	2.247 6	11
53	1	1	3	3	2	3	2	1	2	1	1	2.210 9	12
89	3	2	1	3	4	3	2	1	3	1	2	2.111 3	13
P716	1	2	1	4	2	3	2	3	3	1	1	2.095 0	14
P594	1	1	1	4	2	2	2	2	3	1	1	1.946 4	15	Ⅲ
P646	1	1	1	4	2	2	1	1	3	1	1	1.804 7	16
48	1	2	2	2	3	2	2	1	2	1	1	1.779 6	17
P588	1	1	1	4	2	3	1	1	2	1	1	1.758 0	18
57	1	1	2	2	2	3	2	1	2	1	1	1.736 6	19
91	2	2	1	1	4	3	2	1	3	1	1	1.576 2	20

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