Effects of thinning and fertilization on the growth and timber assortment structure of middle-aged Chinese fir forest

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106007

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 70-78.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106007

Effects of thinning and fertilization on the growth and timber assortment structure of middle-aged Chinese fir forest

ZHAO Mingzhen¹(), LIU Jing¹, ZOU Xianhua², ZHENG Hong³, FAN Fujing³, LIN Kaimin¹^,², MA Xiangqing¹^,², LI Ming¹^,²^,^*()

1. Forestry College,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China
2. National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou 350002,China
3. Fujian Yangkou National Forest Farm,Shunchang 353205,China

Received:2021-06-03 Revised:2022-05-10 Online:2023-03-30 Published:2023-03-28

1. .zip(7312KB)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of different thinning retention densities and different ratios of N and P fertilizers on the growth and timber assortment structure of middle-aged Chinese fir (Cunninyhamia lancelata) forests were analyzed.【Method】 Nine standard plots were set up in a 9-year-old Chinese fir plantation with 23 site indices at the Yangkou National Forest Farm in Fujian Province. An orthogonal experimental design was used to carry out matching experiments of thinning and fertilization. The thinning retention density was 1 200, 1 500 or 2 250 trees/hm²; the N fertilizer application rate was 0, 100 or 200 g per tree; and the P fertilizer application rate was 0, 250 or 500 g per tree,this experiment lasted for four years.【Result】 The results show that different thinning densities and N and P application rates had no significant effect on tree height growth. Different thinning retention densities had a greater impact on the average DBH growth of Chinese fir forests, and revealed a significant difference between the minimum density and the maximum density. The application rate of N fertilizer and P fertilizer had little effect on the average DBH growth of Chinese fir forest, and there was no significant difference between different N and P application rates. There was a significant difference in the average volume increase per plant among different thinning retention densities, and the application of N and P fertilizers had little effect on the average per tree volume increase. The increase in stand volume among stands of different densities was not significant, but higher levels of N and P application rates could promote a significant increase in stock volume increase. The low thinning retention density significantly affected the large-diameter wood yield, and it was highest under the retention density of 1 200 trees/hm². Higher yields of medium diameter timber were obtained at retention densities of 1 500 and 2 250 trees/hm². A high level of N fertilizer application promoted an increased large-diameter wood output, while a high level of P fertilizer application promoted an increased medium-diameter wood output, but the result was not significant.【Conclusion】 In general, compared with the application of N and P fertilizers, the effect of density regulation on the growth and timber structure of Chinese fir middle-aged forests is more significant. The lower forest density is key for cultivating large-diameter fir timber, and the effects of N and P fertilizer application require long-term observation.

Key words: Cunninghamia lanceolata (Chinese fir), thinning, fertilization, middle-aged forest, wood species structure

CLC Number:

S753.5

ZHAO Mingzhen, LIU Jing, ZOU Xianhua, ZHENG Hong, FAN Fujing, LIN Kaimin, MA Xiangqing, LI Ming. Effects of thinning and fertilization on the growth and timber assortment structure of middle-aged Chinese fir forest[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(2): 70-78.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Regression fitting results of tree height and DBH"

回归模型类型 regression model type	模型方程 model equation	R²
二次函数 quadratic function	H= -0.010 8 D² + 1.022 1 D + 1.093 5	0.720 5
一次线性函数 linear function	H = 0.620 8 D + 4.635 2	0.713 1
指数函数 exponential function	H = 7.397 5 $e 0.041 D$	0.699 4
幂函数 power function	H= 1.969 2 D^{0.720 5}	0.731 6

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Fig.1

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理化性质 physical and chemical property	土层/cm soil layer
理化性质 physical and chemical property	0~10	≥10~20	≥20~40
最大持水量/mm max holding water	52.61±1.92	52.19±2.34	105.50±4.59
毛管持水量/mm hairy tube holding water	45.66±3.12	43.21±3.21	88.78±6.21
最小持水量/mm min retentive capacity	31.93±3.37	28.93±3.35	61.19±4.64
非毛管孔隙度/% non-capillary porosity	6.85±3.60	8.45±4.70	8.29±2.79
毛管孔隙度/% capillary porosity	45.57±3.12	43.08±3.21	44.39±3.11
总孔隙度/% total porosity	52.41±1.92	51.53±2.34	52.69±2.29
土壤密度/(g·cm^-3) soil density	2.66±0.15	2.68±0.10	2.87±0.14
N含量/(g·kg^-1) N content	1.57±0.34	1.42±0.32	1.02±0.21
P含量/(g·kg^-1) P content	0.26±0.04	0.25±0.05	0.26±0.05

材种 timber type	各径级占比/% diameter class ratio
材种 timber type	<6 cm	6 cm	8 cm	10 cm	12 cm	14 cm	16 cm	18 cm	20 cm	22 cm	24 cm	≥26 cm
薪材 fuelwood	100	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
小条木 small wood	0	70	100	60	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
小径材small diameter timber	0	0	0	40	90	100	100	40	0	0	0	0
中径材medium diameter timber	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	100	100	65	0
大径材 large diameter timber	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	100

样地号 sample No.	保留密度/ (株·hm^-2) retention density	施肥量/(g·株^-1) fertilizer amount		养分含量/(g·kg^-1) nutrient content			化学计量比 eco-stoichiometry
样地号 sample No.	保留密度/ (株·hm^-2) retention density	N	P	有机碳 SOC	全氮 TN	全磷 TP	C:N	C:P	N:P
1	1 200	0	250	16.12±3.55	1.24±0.33	0.23±0.08	13.30±1.62	75.74±23.18	5.58±1.18
2	1 500	200	0	13.06±2.51	0.93±0.08	0.24±0.03	14.36±4.08	57.43±19.70	3.94±0.29
3	1 200	200	500	17.05±2.53	1.37±0.19	0.25±0.02	12.44±0.17	69.35±13.82	5.56±1.04
4	2 250	0	0	22.08±2.92	1.73±0.23	0.30±0.02	12.82±1.14	73.59±5.90	5.77±0.56
5	1 500	0	500	18.39±7.28	1.30±0.57	0.28±0.02	14.70±1.64	66.23±24.35	4.71±1.97
6	1 200	100	0	15.25±3.11	1.13±0.36	0.32±0.01	14.18±2.22	47.12±10.24	3.50±1.14
7	2 250	100	500	15.64±3.86	1.13±0.36	0.25±0.01	14.36±1.53	61.58±13.14	4.42±1.26
8	1 500	100	250	16.37±2.89	1.19±0.30	0.24±0.02	14.30±2.96	67.20±9.71	4.93±1.30
9	2 250	200	250	25.47±1.32	1.78±0.30	0.21±0.07	14.74±2.86	129.37±33.58	9.51±3.80

样地号 sample No.	年份 year	D/ cm	H/ m	V_单株/ m³	V_总/ (m³·hm^-2)	样地号 sample No.	年份 year	D/ cm	H/ m	V_单株/ m³	V_总/ (m³·hm^-2)
	2017	18.47	16.10	0.221 8	242.16	5	2020	20.53	17.37	0.292 4	443.35
	2018	19.74	16.89	0.263 9	287.39		总增量	3.25	2.03	0.106 1	161.55
1	2019	21.02	17.67	0.311 1	339.60		2017	18.31	16.00	0.216 8	251.26
	2020	21.88	18.19	0.345 5	377.39		2018	19.44	16.70	0.253 5	294.28
	总增量	3.41	2.09	0.123 7	135.23	6	2019	20.72	17.49	0.299 7	348.51
	2017	18.36	16.03	0.218 4	331.81		2020	21.93	18.22	0.347 6	405.15
	2018	19.41	16.68	0.252 4	384.10		总增量	3.62	2.22	0.130 8	153.90
2	2019	20.43	17.31	0.288 7	439.61		2017	15.11	13.93	0.131 2	301.59
	2020	21.42	17.91	0.326 8	499.12		2018	16.14	14.61	0.156 0	359.71
	总增量	3.06	1.88	0.108 4	167.32	7	2019	17.06	15.2	0.180 1	416.20
	2017	18.31	16.00	0.216 8	262.47		2020	17.69	15.61	0.198 2	454.87
	2018	19.49	16.73	0.255 2	309.77		总增量	2.58	1.68	0.067 0	153.28
3	2019	20.72	17.49	0.299 7	364.14		2017	14.82	13.74	0.124 7	189.22
	2020	22.11	18.33	0.355 1	432.01		2018	16.09	14.58	0.154 6	238.42
	总增量	3.80	2.33	0.138 3	169.54	8	2019	17.33	15.37	0.187 7	289.60
	2017	15.98	14.51	0.151 9	360.81		2020	18.22	15.94	0.214 0	330.24
	2018	16.92	15.11	0.176 3	416.92		总增量	3.40	2.20	0.089 3	141.03
4	2019	17.72	15.63	0.199 2	472.27		2017	13.22	12.65	0.092 5	203.61
	2020	18.30	15.99	0.216 5	514.21		2018	14.48	13.51	0.117 3	258.43
	总增量	2.32	1.48	0.064 6	153.39	9	2019	15.65	14.29	0.143 8	317.00
	2017	17.28	15.34	0.186 3	281.80		2020	16.33	14.73	0.160 7	354.41
5	2018	18.52	16.13	0.223 4	338.03		总增量	3.11	2.08	0.068 2	150.80
	2019	19.81	16.93	0.266 4	403.49

变量 variable	处理 treatment	D_增量/cm	H_增量/m	V_单株增量/m³	V_总增量/ (m³·hm^-2)	出材量增量/(m³·hm^-2) output increment		出材率增量/% yield increment
变量 variable	处理 treatment	D_增量/cm	H_增量/m	V_单株增量/m³	V_总增量/ (m³·hm^-2)	中径材 medium- diameter timber	大径材 large- diameter timber	中径材 medium- diameter timber	大径材 large- diameter timber
保留密度/ (株·hm^-2) retention density	1 200	3.61±0.16 b	2.21±0.10 a	0.130 9±0.006 0 c	152.89±14.02 a	71.22±6.42 a	104.47±15.52 b	1.23±3.86 a	25.01±3.25 b
	1 500	3.24±0.14 ab	2.04±0.13 a	0.101 3±0.008 5 b	156.63±11.28 a	138.19±43.03 a	49.26±43.00 ab	23.26±9.67 a	10.05±8.06 a
	2 250	2.67±0.33 a	1.75±0.25 a	0.066 6±0.001 5 a	152.49±1.19 a	134.86±22.73 a	24.41±16.71 a	24.92±6.87 a	5.06±3.16 a
N肥量/ (g·株^-1) N fertilizer amount	0	2.99±0.48 a	1.87±0.27 a	0.098 1±0.024 8 a	150.06±11.00 a	121.69±47.41 a	54.44±22.71 a	13.8±7.14 a	12.17±6.12 a
	100	3.20±0.45 a	2.03±0.25 a	0.095 7±0.026 4 a	149.40±5.93 a	127.39±35.94 a	45.29±41.94 a	22.56±4.67 a	11.06±4.36 a
	200	3.33±0.34 a	2.10±0.18 a	0.105 0±0.028 7 a	162.55±8.36 b	95.18±33.59 a	78.41±53.55 a	10.59±2.95 a	16.88±5.71 a
P肥量 (g·株^-1) P fertilizer amount	0	3.00±0.54 a	1.87±0.30 a	0.101 2±0.027 5 a	158.20±6.45 b	87.8±11.87 a	85.23±29.15 a	3.21±4.26 a	18.39±7.18 a
	250	3.31±0.14 a	2.12±0.06 a	0.093 7±0.022 9 a	142.35±6.43 a	120.58±32.80 a	31.87±38.26 a	26.87±8.71 a	7.88±9.13 a
	500	3.21±0.50 a	2.01±0.27 a	0.103 8±0.029 2 a	161.46±6.64 b	135.88±53.24 a	61.04±44.57 a	16.87±3.65 a	13.84±9.51 a

Effects of thinning and fertilization on the growth and timber assortment structure of middle-aged Chinese fir forest

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