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Coordinated responses of hydraulic architecture and photosynthetic characteristics in Fraxinus mandschurica seedlings to change of light intensity irradiance
KONG Xin, WANG Aiying, HAO Guangyou, NING Qiurui, WANG Miao, YIN Xiaohan, ZHOU Yongjiao
JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1) : 83-91.
PDF(1439 KB)
PDF(1439 KB)
Coordinated responses of hydraulic architecture and photosynthetic characteristics in Fraxinus mandschurica seedlings to change of light intensity irradiance
【Objective】 This study aims to explore the response and adaptive mechanisms of Fraxinus mandschurica to different light intensities, to provide a basis for reforestation and forest regeneration. 【Method】 Two-year-old potted Fraxinus mandschurica seedlings were grown under four different light treatments (100%, 60%, 30%, and 15% of full sunlight). The photosynthetic and hydraulic characteristics of the seedlings were then measured. 【Result】 Shading treatments significantly affected the growth, photosynthesis, and hydraulics of Fraxinus mandschurica seedlings. Seedlings had a higher stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), hydraulic conductance of root (Kroot), shoot (Kshoot), and whole plant (Kplant) under 100% relative light intensity than under 60% and 30% relative light intensities. With a decrease in light intensity, the growth rate, ratio of root mass (RMR), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pn,max), light saturation point (LSP), and light compensation point (LCP) decreased, while the ratio of stem mass (SMR) and leaf mass (LMR) and apparent quantum yield (AQY) increased. Xylem anatomies were significantly different among the three light treatments. For example, the vessel density was significantly higher in the 100% than in the 30% and 60% relative light intensities, but the vessel diameter was significantly lower in the 100% than in the 30% and 60% light treatments. 【Conclusion】 Even though Fraxinus mandschurica was able to slightly adapt to low-light conditions by adjusting its morphology, photosynthesis, and hydraulic characteristics, it mostly had a high demand for light during its seedling stage. There was a coupling between the hydraulic architecture and photosynthetic characteristics in response to changes in the light intensity. The photosynthetic and hydraulic characteristics of Fraxinus mandschurica seedlings showed relatively larger plasticity with changes in light treatment. Relatively larger plastic adjustments of functional traits can contribute to greater fitness in heterogeneous light environments of the forest understory, which has great significance for the regeneration of Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings in natural forests.
Fraxinus mandschurica seedling / shade tolerance / light intensity / phenotypic plasticity / photosynthetic characteristic / hydraulic trait
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Based on the analysis of characteristics of forest light environmental heterogeneity, this paper reviewed the research advance in the response of forest seedlings to light environmental heterogeneity from the aspects of photosynthesis,thermal dissipation,biomass accumulation and distribution, morphological traits,germination,and population dynamics,and discussed the ecological significance of different responses of seedling regeneration to light environmental heterogeneity in forest biodiversity maintenance,forest succession,and revegetation.Some suggestions for future research in this field were put forward.
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<em>Ardisia violacea</em> is one of the rare and endangered species, and distributes only in Zhejiang and Taiwan Provinces in China. In order to understand the light requirement and adaptability of <em>A. violacea</em>, the effects of different light intensities (shading rate of 90%, 60%, 25%, and the full light) on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of <em>A. violacea</em> were studied. The photosynthetic rate (<em>P</em><sub>n</sub>) and stomatal conductance (<em>g</em><sub>s</sub>) of <em>A. violacea</em> varied as a bimodal curve with a ‘midday depression’ phenomenon in full bright light, and as a unimodal curve in the shading treatments. With the increasing shading rate, the<em> P</em><sub>n</sub> and apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) first increased, and then decreased, the light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) decreased, and the <em>g</em><sub>s</sub>, transpiration rate (<em>T</em><sub>r</sub>), original light energy conversion (<em>F</em><sub>v</sub>/<em>F</em><sub>m</sub>) and potential activity of PSⅡ (<em>F</em><sub>v</sub>/<em>F</em><sub>o</sub>) increased. The total quantity of chlorophyll and the carotenoid (Car) content increased, and Chl a/b decreased under shading conditions. When the shading rate was 25%, the specific leaf mass (LMA) and root to shoot (<em>R/T</em>) ratio of A. violacea reached the maximum. <em>A. violacea </em>possessed a strong flexibility to different light environments, suggesting that light could not be the main limiting factor for natural regeneration of <em>A. violacea</em> populations.
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代力民, 陈高, 邓红兵, 等. 受干扰长白山阔叶红松林林分结构组成特征及健康距离评估[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(10): 1750-1754.
通过样地调查对不同干扰方式产生的过伐天然林、次生白桦林和人工落叶松林等群落的结构组成进行分析和分类探讨,并选取能够表征结构完整性和稳定性的一些指标因子,利用健康距离法对长白山阔叶红松林区的森林生态系统健康进行了评估实践,结果按顺序依次为:原始阔叶类0.14<结构转换型0.23<结构保留型0.32<结构破坏型0.33<严重干扰类型0.44<次生白桦林0.3<人工落叶松林0.68.以期对阔叶红松林生态系统的恢复和区域林业可持续发展提供参考.
Through samples investigation,this paper analyzed and classified the community structures of overcutting original forests,secondary birch forests and larch plantation forest under different disturbances.At the same time,some indexes which can reflect the integrity and stability of stand structure were selected.Health Distance (HD) method,a new idea,was attempted to assess ecosystem health of Korean pine and broadleaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountains.The results showed that the health degree was in order of original broadleaved stand (0.14)<structure switched stand (0.23)<structure reserved stand (0.32)<structure destroyed stand (0.33)<heavy disturbed stand (0.44)<secondary birch stand (0.53)<larch plantations (0.68).Hopefully,it will be a helpful reference on the restoration of Korean pine and broadleaved mixed forest and on the regional forestry sustainable development.
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We assessed the irradiance-related plasticity of hydraulic architecture in saplings of Betula pendula Roth., a pioneer species; Acer pseudoplatanus L., Fraxinus excelsior L. and Quercus robur L., which are post-pioneer light-requiring species; and Quercus petraea Matt. Liebl. and Fagus sylvatica L. Plants were grown in pots in 36%, 16% and 4% of full sunlight. Hydraulic conductance was measured with a high-pressure flow-meter in entire, in situ root systems and in excised shoots. Leaf-specific whole-plant conductance (LSC) increased with irradiance, due, in part, to an effect of irradiance on plant size. In addition, there was a size-independent effect of irradiance on LSC due, in part, to an increase in root hydraulic conductance paralleled by an increase in root biomass scaled to leaf area. Changes in shoot conductivity also contributed to the size-independent plasticity of LSC. Vulnerability to cavitation measured in current-year twigs was much larger in shade-grown plants. Betula pendula had the highest whole-plant, root and shoot conductances and also the greatest vulnerability to cavitation. The other species were similar in LSC, but showed some variation in root conductance scaled to biomass, with Q. robur, Q. petraea and F. sylvatica having the lowest root conductance and susceptibility to cavitation. All species showed a similar irradiance-related plasticity in LSC.
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*In a comparative study of 42 rainforest tree species we examined relationships amongst wood traits, diameter growth and survival of large trees in the field, and shade tolerance and adult stature of the species. *The species show two orthogonal axes of trait variation: a primary axis related to the vessel size-number trade-off (reflecting investment in hydraulic conductance vs hydraulic safety) and a secondary axis related to investment in parenchyma vs fibres (storage vs strength). Across species, growth rate was positively related to vessel diameter and potential specific hydraulic conductance (K(p)), and negatively related to wood density. Survival rate was only positively related to wood density. *Light-demanding species were characterized by low wood and vessel density and wide vessels. Tall species were characterized by wide vessels with low density and large K(p). Hydraulic traits were more closely associated with adult stature than with light demand, possibly because tall canopy species experience more drought stress and face a higher cavitation risk. *Vessel traits affect growth and wood density affects growth and survival of large trees in the field. Vessel traits and wood density are therefore important components of the performance and life history strategies of tropical tree species.
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