【Objective】A common garden experiment was used to explore the adaptation mechanisms of leaf structure to geographical environment changes. 【Method】In this study, the anatomical structure and stomatal characteristics of the leaves of 46 Vernicia fordii provenances were observed and measured by the paraffin wax slices method and nail oil seal method. Redundancy analysis, traditional correlation analysis and systematic clustering were used to analyze the differences in leaf structural characteristics, as well as the relationship between leaf traits and environmental factors.【Result】The results showed that the leaf structure characteristics of V. fordii had significant variation (P<0.01), the coefficients of variation of P/S, stomatal area, stomatal density and spongy tissue thickness were more than 20%. There were significant correlations between the leaf anatomical structure and leaf stomatal structure. Latitude, longitude, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation contributed largely to the variations of leaf structure characteristics of V. fordii. Principal component analysis revealed that the first five principal components represented 91.02%. Ten indexes, including stomatal density, stomatal perimeter and stomatal area, were selected for hierarchical cluster analysis. Overall, 46 V. fordii germplasms were clustered into three groups with a Euclidean distance of 5.0. The clustering results reflected the characteristics of the leaf tissue structure of various groups, and the difference was mainly reflected in the stomatal characteristics. 【Conclusion】 The difference in the geographical environment was one of the major factors that affected the variations of the leaf structure of V. fordii.