Phytoremediation mechanisms of air formaldehyde pollution

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111029

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 1-12.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111029

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Phytoremediation mechanisms of air formaldehyde pollution

XIONG Yanfei(), CHEN Yuefeng, MAO Zhiqiang, CAO Xinghong, YE Yuhan, ZHANG Jiankun()

School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Received:2021-11-16 Revised:2022-03-24 Online:2023-07-30 Published:2023-07-20

Abstract

Abstract:

Phytoremediation is the most energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and effective method for the air formaldehyde removal based on the physiological and metabolic characteristics and environmental adaptability of plants. The formaldehyde removal efficiencies of many indoor ornamental plants and some small wild plants, crops and genetically modified plants have been investigated. Plant formaldehyde scavenging involves three stages: absorption, transport and metabolism. Formaldehyde is absorbed by plants mainly through the leaves (stomata, guard cells, and leaf surface cuticle diffusion) and root hair. Most of the formaldehyde absorbed by plants was metabolized in tissue cells at the absorption site, and a small portion is transported to the rhizosphere or from the roots to the leaves. Formaldehyde is metabolized primarily through the Calvin cycle, C1 metabolism and glyoxylate pathway. Different metabolic pathways have distinct roles and characteristics. Based on this, the following suggestions are proposed:(1) Development of plant species with a strong formaldehyde-scavenging ability. (2) Exploring new ways for plants to metabolize formaldehyde. (3) It is necessary to make a profound study on the effects of formaldehyde metabolisms on normal photosynthesis and biomass production in plants.

Key words: air formaldehyde pollution, phytoremediation, removal mechanism, Calvin cycle, C1 metabolism

CLC Number:

S718

XIONG Yanfei, CHEN Yuefeng, MAO Zhiqiang, CAO Xinghong, YE Yuhan, ZHANG Jiankun. Phytoremediation mechanisms of air formaldehyde pollution[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(4): 1-12.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Analysis of indoor formaldehyde removal methods and their advantages and disadvantages"

去除方法 removal method	去除材料 removal material	去除机制 removal mechanism	缺点 disadvantage	优点 advantage
通风换气法 ventilation method	自然或机械通风	通风换气	受室内甲醛浓度、季节等条件的限制较多	成本低,操作简便,短时去除效果好
物理吸附法 physical adsorption method	活性炭、分子筛、硅胶等多孔物质	表面吸附	材料吸附容量有限,当吸附量达到饱和时需及时更换	实际操作相对简单,价格较为低廉
等离子体技术 plasma technology	低温等离子体和高温等离子体	利用产生的高能电子与污染气体分子发生非弹性碰撞,使气体发生激发、离解、电离等活化反应,进而实现污染去除的目的	会产生臭氧等副产物导致二次污染	降解速率快、效果好
光催化氧化法 photocatalytic oxidation method	TiO₂及其掺杂改性物或其他金属氧化物及其复合氧化物	利用光照使光催化材料表面生成光电子(e^-)和空穴(h⁺),通过电子和空穴的氧化还原性产生高活性的自由基,去除污染物	需光源照射,存在二次污染风险,投资造价较高,不适用于解决生活中的甲醛污染问题	反应条件温和、能耗低、降解效率高、适用范围广,可清除多种有机污染物,常温常压下实施
化学吸收法 chemical absorption method	以氨、胺的衍生物为代表、可与醛基作用的化学物质	利用氨、胺衍生物的氨基与甲醛的亲核加成反应吸收甲醛	有些吸附化学试剂毒性较大,存在二次污染,且合成工艺较复杂,影响材料性能	作用快,效率高,可直接喷涂在甲醛发生源等材料上
植物净化法 phytoremediation	盆栽植物或植物提取物	植物体吸收并经多种反应代谢为无害物质;或植物提取物吸收转化为无害物质	净化速率较慢且受季节影响,可能引起花粉过敏	效果稳定、无二次污染、安全环保,具有高观赏性和湿度调节功能

Table 1

Fig. 1

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Phytoremediation mechanisms of air formaldehyde pollution

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