The relationship between physiological metabolism changes and embryogenic competence of endosperm in Ginkgo biloba at different developmental stages

MA Juanjuan, WU Qinxia, CHEN Ying, WANG Ruimin, YUAN Binling, HU Yuchen, CAO Fuliang

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4) : 68-76.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
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JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4) : 68-76. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112010

The relationship between physiological metabolism changes and embryogenic competence of endosperm in Ginkgo biloba at different developmental stages

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【Objective】 In this study, high-embryogenic competence endosperm explants in Ginkgo biloba were screened out by investigating the relationship between the physiological changes in endosperm during different development periods and embryogenic callus induction. The results will provide supports for studying somatic embryogenesis and establishing a somatic embryogenesis system for G. biloba. 【Method】 Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids, and endogenous hormone content were measured, and embryogenic callus were induced using G. biloba endosperm as explants in eight stages (during June 10 to September 15). 【Result】 The endosperm development and embryogenic competence of G. biloba can be divided into three stages (Ⅰ-Ⅲ). The soluble protein and flavonoids content, peroxidase and catalaseenzyme activities, and indoleacetic acid (IAA) /abscisic acid (ABA) ratio in the endosperm of G. biloba all reached the highest levels; however, the (zeatin nucleoside (ZR) + isopentenyl pyrophosphate (iPA))/ABA ratio was lower than that at stage Ⅰ (during June 10 to June 30). Accordingly, the endosperm at this stage had high embryogenic competence and induction ability of embryogenic callus. Moreover, the endosperm had a high water content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and high IAA/ABA ratios, and it was also easy to induce callus; however, these induced callus were susceptible to loosening and easy browning, and the non-embryonic and embryogenic competence levels were lower at this stage. Stage Ⅱ lasted from June 30 to August 10. The three resistant enzyme activities, flavonoid content, and IAA/ABA ratios all exhibited low levels, while the (ZR+iPA)/ABA ratio was high. The callus induction rate was the lowest among the three stages, and the embryogenic competence level was lower than that at stage Ⅲ. 【Conclusion】 The embryogenic competence of G. biloba endosperm and embryogenic callus induction in the three stages of endosperm development was in the order stage Ⅲ > Ⅱ > Ⅰ. The optimum period of embryogenic competence in the endosperm explant was stage Ⅲ (August 17 to September 15) and the endosperm induced a high rate of embryogenic callus at this stage.

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Ginkgo abiloba / endosperm / explant / development stages / embryogenic competence / embryogenic callus

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MA Juanjuan , WU Qinxia , CHEN Ying , et al . The relationship between physiological metabolism changes and embryogenic competence of endosperm in Ginkgo biloba at different developmental stages[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2022, 46(4): 68-76 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112010

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