Effects of fertilization on the leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202016

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 114-120.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202016

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Effects of fertilization on the leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage

LIANG Wenchao¹(), BU Xing¹, LUO Siqian¹, XIE Yinfeng¹^,^*(), HU Jialing², ZHANG Wangxiang¹

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Beijing Municipal Administration of Rivers and Lakes,Beijing 100089,China

Received:2022-02-28 Revised:2022-11-18 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This research aims to explore the effects of combined nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of high-quality potted ornamental malus cultivar Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after a warming and flowering promotion, and to provide a theoretical basis for the rejuvenation cultivation of ‘Changshouguan’ after a warming and flowering promotion. 【Method】The root fertilization experiment was conducted by an orthogonal design, and the control group and nine treatment groups (treatments 1-9) were set up. The effects on growth, relative chlorophyll content, photosynthetic gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence were studied. 【Result】(1) Treatments 1-9 had significant effects on leaf number and leaf area per plant. Treatment 8 (N₃P₂K₁) had the best effect, increasing by 10.74% and 11.13% compared with the control, with significant differences (P<0.05).(2) The relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), and transpiration rate (T_r) of the leaves in all treatment groups increased significantly, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C_i) was not significantly changed, indicating that the increase in net photosynthetic capacity of the ‘Changshouguan’ leaves was caused by stomatal and non-stomatal factors. (3) The photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), photochemical efficiency (Φ_PSⅡ), and electron transfer rate (ETR) of PSⅡ were improved in treatments 1-9, with treatment 8 having the best effect. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of each fertilizer treatment group was lower than that of the control group, indicating that the fertilizer treatment promoted the conversion and utilization efficiency of light energy and reduced heat dissipation during the photochemical reaction. (4) Correlation analysis showed that P_n was positively correlated with relative chlorophyll content, G_s, qP, leaf area, ETR, and Φ_PSⅡ, and negatively correlated with NPQ. The relative chlorophyll content was significantly positively correlated with the leaf area and the number of leaves per plant, indicating that fertilization promoted the growth of the leaves by improving the photosynthetic performance of the ‘Changshouguan,’ and the improvement of the photosynthetic performance of the leaves was related to the improvement of the light energy absorption and the conversion and utilization efficiency. The relative chlorophyll content can be used as an effective physiological index to evaluate the effect of fertilization after anthesis. 【Conclusion】 The appropriate ratio of NPK compound fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of potting malus ‘Changshouguan’ leaves after heating and promoting flowering, and improve the photosynthetic performance. The best N, P, and K combined application scheme was 1.2 g N, 0.2 g P, and 0.2 g K per plant.

Key words: Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’, N, P, K formula fertilization, photosynthetic characteristics, growth characteristics

CLC Number:

S718

LIANG Wenchao, BU Xing, LUO Siqian, XIE Yinfeng, HU Jialing, ZHANG Wangxiang. Effects of fertilization on the leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2023, 47(5): 114-120.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 3

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试验编号 test No.	试验处理 treatment	施肥量/(g·株^-1) fertilization
试验编号 test No.	试验处理 treatment	尿素carbamide	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	N₀P₀K₀	0	0	0
1	N₁P₁K₁	0.4	0.1	0.2
2	N₁P₂K₂	0.4	0.2	0.4
3	N₁P₃K₃	0.4	0.3	0.6
4	N₂P₁K₂	0.8	0.1	0.4
5	N₂P₂K₃	0.8	0.2	0.6
6	N₂P₃K₁	0.8	0.3	0.2
7	N₃P₁K₃	1.2	0.1	0.6
8	N₃P₂K₁	1.2	0.2	0.2
9	N₃P₃K₂	1.2	0.3	0.4

指标 index	变异来源 source of variation	Ⅲ型平方和 SS of type Ⅲ	自由度 df	均方 MS	F	P	指标 index	变异来源 source of variation	Ⅲ型平方和 SS of type Ⅲ	自由度 df	均方 MS	F	P
NL	处理	3 252.545	10	325.255	4.919	0.001	SPAD	处理	130.252	10	13.025	13.509	<0.001
	误差	1 322.364	20	66.118				误差	19.284	20	0.964
	误差总和	3 469 815.000	33					误差总和	131 448.760	33
	校正总和	306 569.879	32					校正总和	219.639	32
SLA	处理	0.899	10	0.090	10.176	<0.001	NPQ	处理	0.222	10	0.022	32.352	<0.001
	误差	0.177	20	0.009				误差	0.014	20	0.001
	误差总和	1 031.343	33					误差总和	30.960	33
	校正总和	2.949	32					校正总和	0.824	32
P_n	处理	11.305	10	1.131	11.001	<0.001	qP	处理	0.017	10	0.002	29.070	<0.001
	误差	2.055	20	0.103				误差	0.001	20	5.959×10^-5
	误差总和	4 567.174	33					误差总和	17.462	33
	校正总和	70.573	32					校正总和	0.098	32
G_s	处理	0.004	10	<0.001	36.475	<0.001	ETR	处理	351.901	10	35.190	45.825	<0.001
	误差	0.000	20	1.176×10^-5				误差	15.358	20	0.768
	误差总和	2.535	33					误差总和	3 333 531.079	33
	校正总和	0.050	32					校正总和	897.094	32
T_r	处理	1.008	10	0.101	5.232	0.001	Φ_PSⅡ	处理	0.008	10	0.001	45.825	<0.001
	误差	0.385	20	0.019				误差	0.000	20	1.741×10^-5
	误差总和	518.754	33					误差总和	7.563	33
	校正总和	37.542	32					校正总和	0.020	32
C_i	处理	10.077	10	1.008	1.284	0.303	C_i	误差总和	3 731 958.930	33
C_i	误差	15.691	20	0.785			C_i	校正总和	5 484.216	32

指标index	NL	SLA	SPAD	P_n	G_s	T_r	C_i	qP	NPQ	Φ_PSⅡ	ETR
SLA	0.27	1
SPAD	0.58^*	0.60^*	1
P_n	0.36	0.73^**	0.51^*	1
G_s	0.40	0.86^**	0.64^**	0.60^*	1
T_r	0.58^*	0.37	0.42	0.11	0.51^*	1
C_i	0.32	0.15	0.34	0.15	0.29	0.29	1
qP	0.22	0.95^**	0.55^*	0.77^*	0.82^**	0.33	0.11	1
NPQ	-0.09	-0.82^**	-0.51^*	-0.55^*	-0.68^**	-0.20	-0.15	-0.778^**	1
Φ_PSⅡ	0.27	0.91^**	0.60^*	0.82^**	0.77^**	0.28	0.15	0.95^**	-0.73^**	1
ETR	0.27	0.91^**	0.60^*	0.82^**	0.77^**	0.28	0.15	0.95^**	-0.73^**	1.00^**	1

Effects of fertilization on the leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage

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