This reseach aims to analyze traditional villages in Huizhou from region to village, and to study the impact of natural landscapes on the distribution and texture structure of traditional villages in Huizhou region, and propose a new idea for the protection of traditional villages in Huizhou region. 【 Method 】 A total of 525 traditional villages selected at the national and provincial levels in Huizhou region were selected as the research objects. Quantitative indicators such as the nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, and spatial Gini coefficient were used to reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of villages. The relationship among mountain and water landscape characteristics, village distribution, and the texture structure was studied from a combination of qualitative and quantitative perspectives. 【Result 】Traditional villages in Huizhou exhibited an uneven spatial clustering distribution, with locations mostly located in hills and basins. Villages with elevations ranging from 100-300 m account for 78%, villages distributed within a 300 m buffer zone of the water network account for 65%, and villages distributed within a 500 m buffer zone of the water network account for 90%. The layout of traditional villages and the structure of internal streets and alleys exhibit characteristics that conform to the changes in mountain and water forms. 【 Conclusion 】 As a unique natural resource in Huizhou, mountains and waters determine the spatial distribution of villages, affect their location, layout, and internal structure, and internalize into Huizhou’s unique village culture of gathering, unity and hard work.