Analyses of the temperate forests development and succession stage in Wangqing County based on TWINSPAN

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202204023

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 179-186.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202204023

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Analyses of the temperate forests development and succession stage in Wangqing County based on TWINSPAN

JIA Ke¹(), WANG Xinjie¹^,^*(), HE Jingyuan¹, LU Yan²

1. College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. School of Economics and Management, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-04-11 Revised:2022-09-02 Online:2024-01-30 Published:2024-01-24
Contact: WANG Xinjie E-mail:jiake2014@bjfu.edu.cn;xinjiew@bjfu.edu.cn

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Temperate forests account for nearly 20% of the global forest area. They are scattered and located in densely populated areas that are prone to disturbance and face ecological problems that include loss of species diversity. Accurately classifying the developmental stages of temperate forests, providing methods and theoretical bases for forest management at each stage, and achieving efficient management of temperate forests are urgent problems. 【Method】 In this study, considering the tree species composition of 5 124 subcompartments in the forest resource inventory in Wangqing County, Jilin Province, in 2017 as the research object, the TWINSPAN method was used to reveal the succession stage and development law of temperate forests in this area. Relevant measures of forest management were proposed according to the characteristics of different development stages. 【Results】 Stand structure and growth change indices, such as stand age, average tree height, storage volume per hectare, total storage volume, and number of plants per hectare were selected. The stages of successional development were determined and the temperate forests in the study area were classified into seven categories: mixed broadleaf forest of Betula platyphylla, mixed broadleaf forest of Quercus mongolica, mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest of Q. mongolica, mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest of B. platyphylla and Picea asperata, mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest of P. asperata and B. platyphylla, mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest of Pinus koraiensis and P. asperata, and mixed broadleaf forest of P. koraiensis and Picea asperata. Among these, the mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests of P. koraiensis and P. asperata displayed the largest shared area and constitute the main forest types in the region. The succession characteristics of each forest type were obvious; the top species represented by P. koraiensis and P. asperata, and the companion species represented by Tilia tuan and Acer pictum subsp. mono changed from weak to strong, and the number share gradually expanded. The pioneer species, represented by B. platyphylla and Populus davidiana gradually decreased and finally formed a top community of mixed broadleaf forests of P. koraiensis and P. asperata. 【Conclusion】 Based on a large amount of survey data, this study applied the TWINSPAN classification method to delineate seven successional stages in temperate forests of Wangqing County, summarize the characteristics of each successional stage, and confirm that each successional stage conformed to the characteristics of growth and development in the time gradient. The data provide theoretical support for efficient forest management measures in different successional stages, and provide a reference to maintain the relative stability of forest structure and function to form high-quality and high-yielding forest stands.

Key words: temperate forests, TWINSPAN classification, forest succession, developmental succession stage, Wangqing County, Jilin Province

CLC Number:

S754

JIA Ke, WANG Xinjie, HE Jingyuan, LU Yan. Analyses of the temperate forests development and succession stage in Wangqing County based on TWINSPAN[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY, 2024, 48(1): 179-186.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

The area proportion and tree species composition structure for seven forest types"

混交林类型 type of mixed forest type	类型代码 type code	面积/ hm² area	面积占比/% area proportion	各类型树种及数量比 various types of tree species				群落特征 community characteristics
混交林类型 type of mixed forest type	类型代码 type code	面积/ hm² area	面积占比/% area proportion	先锋 pioneer	伴生 associated	顶极 top	数量比 (先锋∶伴生∶顶极) ratio of number (pioneer∶ associated∶ top)	群落特征 community characteristics
白桦阔叶混交林 mixed broadleaf forest of B. platyphylla	1	5 137.18	7.1	白桦、山杨、榆树、杂木	少量色木槭、椴树	少量臭松、枫桦等	9.0∶0.4∶0.6	森林演替的早期阶段,群落稳定性较差,为森林向下一阶段演替做准备
柞树阔叶混交林 mixed broadleaf forest of Q. mongolica	2	12 240.58	17.0	白桦、柞树	椴树、色木槭	少量臭松、枫桦等	7.6∶2.1∶0.3	伴生树种侵入并逐渐发展,先锋树种与伴生树种之间开始竞争
柞树针阔混交林 mixed coniferand broadleaf forest of Q. mongolica	3	12 875.70	17.9	白桦、柞树	少量椴树、色木槭	少量臭松、红松等	8.0∶1.0∶1.0	先锋树种仍处于优势,顶极树种加强,伴生树种和顶极树种形成竞争合力
白桦云杉针阔混交林 mixed conifer and broadleaf forest of B. platyphylla and P. asperata	4	576.40	0.9	白桦、榆树、杂木	少量椴树、色木槭	云杉、水曲柳、臭松、红松等	7.0∶1.0∶2.0	顶极树种开始竞争,此类森林为过渡阶段,向更稳定的森林类型发展
云杉白桦针阔混交林 mixed conifer and broadleaf forest of Picea asperata and B. platyphylla	5	194.84	0.3	白桦、山杨、杂木	椴树、色木槭	云杉、水曲柳、臭松、红松等	3.0∶2.0∶5.0	顶极树种开始占据优势,先锋树种占比下降,阔叶树不占优势,是演替重要转折
红松云杉针阔混交林 mixed conifer and broadleaf forest of Pinus koraiensis and P. asperata	6	22 302.63	31.0	少量榆树、白桦、杂木	椴树、色木槭	红松、臭松、云杉、枫桦等	1.0∶3.0∶6.0	顶极树种占据优势,伴生树种与顶极树种进行生存竞争,先锋树种不再占据优势
阔叶红松云杉混交林 mixed broadleaf forest of Pinus koraiensis and P. asperata	7	18 587.81	25.8	白桦、山杨、榆树、杂木	椴树、色木槭	红松、臭松、云杉等	3.0∶3.0∶4.0	该地带的顶极群落,针阔混交林保持稳定结构,实现顶极、伴生和先锋树种共生
合计total		71 915.14	100

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 3

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主要树种 main tree species	所在小班数 number of subcompartment	纯林数量 number of pure forests	混交林数量 number of mixed forests	主要树种 main tree species	所在小班数 number of subcompartment	纯林数量 number of pure forests	混交林数量 number of mixed forests
臭松Abies nephrolepis	659	0	659	朝鲜柳Salix koreensis	18	2	16
枫桦Betula costata	273	0	273	落叶松Larix gmelinii	90	2	88
红松Pinus koraiensis	503	0	503	胡桃楸Juglans mandshurica	3	0	3
云杉Picea asperata	260	0	260	蒙古栎Quercus mongolica	1 493	145	1 348
水曲柳Fraxinus mandschurica	46	0	46	樟子松P. sylvestris var mongolica	3	0	3
色木槭Acer mono	48	0	48	榆树Ulmus pumila	205	5	200
椴树Tilia tuan	562	0	562	黄菠萝Phellodendron amurense	2	0	2
山杨Populus davidiana	263	1	262	杂木miscellaneous	161	5	156
白桦B. platyphylla	535	2	533	总计total	5 124	162	4 962

林分类型代码 stand type code	林分年龄/a stand age	平均胸径/cm average DBH	平均树高/m mean height	每公顷蓄积量/ (m³·hm^-2) volume per unit area	总蓄积量/ ×10⁴ m³ total volume	每公顷株数/ (株·hm^-2) number of trees per unit area
1	42.5	14.98	13.29	105.65	54.27	1 055
2	49.0	17.49	14.49	163.30	199.89	1 089
3	56.0	16.09	13.96	160.80	207.04	1 322
4	54.5	17.04	14.09	125.33	7.22	959
5	62.0	17.83	15.44	160.93	3.14	1 050
6	62.5	18.36	15.19	130.33	290.67	805
7	72.5	19.33	16.12	168.61	313.41	901

Analyses of the temperate forests development and succession stage in Wangqing County based on TWINSPAN

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