Research progresses on regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid-mediated plant flower coloration

HAO Zhaodong, SHI Jisen, CHEN Jinhui

JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6) : 73-82.

PDF(2511 KB)
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
PDF(2511 KB)
JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6) : 73-82. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202205016

Research progresses on regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid-mediated plant flower coloration

Author information +
History +

Abstract

Color is an important flower trait that plays a key role in ornamental horticulture, reproductive ecology, and species evolution of flowering plants. The key determinants of flower coloration in flowering plants are synthesis and deposition of flower pigments. As a family of natural pigments, carotenoids not only have nutritional and pharmacological properties, but also are the main chromogenic pigments during flower coloration of many flowering plants. Here, we review the pathway for carotenoid metabolism and its related genes and summarize the effects of carotenoid metabolic gene expression and transcriptional regulation on the carotenoid accumulation and flower coloration. At present, it is well known that the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in flowers is closely related to the carotenoid accumulation and flower coloration; however, research on the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of these genes in flowers is still in the early stage. In particular, flowers seem to adopt different strategies for fine-tuning carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation compared to the other organs like leaves and fruits. Additionally, no consensus has been found among different plant species. Based on the current research progress, we prospect the future research on the regulation mechanisms of carotenoid-mediated flower coloration. With the rapid development of high-throughput omics technologies and molecular biology techniques, we suggest the combination of multi-omics such as genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and the latest single-cell omics and spatial omics, and genetic transformation and genome editing technology represented by CRISPR/Cas9 to de novo construct the specific molecular regulatory network of carotenoid metabolism during flower coloration of a variety of plants. We hope to provide a useful reference for the further research on flower color variation and evolution mediated by carotenoids and flower color breeding.

Key words

flower color / carotenoid pigment / metabolic pathway / transcriptional regulation

Cite this article

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

Download Citations
HAO Zhaodong , SHI Jisen , CHEN Jinhui. Research progresses on regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid-mediated plant flower coloration[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2022, 46(6): 73-82 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202205016

References

List( Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within ) Chart analysis
[1]
赵昶灵, 郭维明, 陈俊愉. 植物花色形成及其调控机理[J]. 植物学通报, 2005, 40(1):70-81.
ZHAO C L, GUO W M, CHEN J Y. Formation of plant color and its regulation mechanism[J]. Chin Bull Bot, 2005, 40(1):70-81.
Cited in this article [2]
[2]
HOPKINS R, RAUSHER M D. Pollinator-mediated selection on flower color allele drives reinforcement[J]. Science, 2012, 335(6072):1090-1092.DOI:10.1126/science.1215198.
Cited in this article [1]
[3]
TANAKA Y, SASAKI N, OHMIYA A. Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids[J]. The Plant Journal, 2008, 54(4): 733-749. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03447.x.
Cited in this article [1]
[4]
GROTEWOLD E. The genetics and biochemistry of floral pigments[J]. Annu Rev Plant Biol, 2006, 57:761-780.DOI:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105248.
Cited in this article [1]
[5]
XU W J, DUBOS C, LEPINIEC L. Transcriptional control of flavonoid biosynthesis by MYB-bHLH-WDR complexes[J]. Trends Plant Sci, 2015, 20(3):176-185.DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2014.12.001.
Cited in this article [2]
[6]
TIMONEDA A, FENG T, SHEEHAN H, et al. The evolution of betalain biosynthesis in Caryophyllales[J]. New Phytol, 2019, 224(1):71-85.DOI:10.1111/nph.15980.
Cited in this article [2]
[7]
HATLESTAD G J, AKHAVAN N A, SUNNADENIYA R M, et al. The beet Y locus encodes an anthocyanin MYB-like protein that activates the betalain red pigment pathway[J]. Nat Genet, 2015, 47(1):92-96.DOI:10.1038/ng.3163.
Cited in this article [1]
[8]
SUN T H, YUAN H, CAO H B, et al. Carotenoid metabolism in plants:the role of plastids[J]. Mol Plant, 2018, 11(1):58-74.DOI:10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.010.
Cited in this article [1]
[9]
STANLEY L, YUAN Y W. Transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants:so many regulators,so little consensus[J]. Front Plant Sci, 2019, 10:1017.DOI:10.3389/fpls.2019.01017.
Cited in this article [4]
[10]
PAINE J A, SHIPTON C A, CHAGGAR S, et al. Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content[J]. Nat Biotechnol, 2005, 23(4):482-487.DOI:10.1038/nbt1082.
Cited in this article [1]
[11]
ZHU C F, NAQVI S, BREITENBACH J, et al. Combinatorial genetic transformation generates a library of metabolic phenotypes for the carotenoid pathway in maize[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105(47):18232-18237.DOI:10.1073/pnas.0809737105.
Cited in this article [1]
[12]
ZHOU X J, WELSCH R, YANG Y, et al. Arabidopsis OR proteins are the major posttranscriptional regulators of phytoene synthase in controlling carotenoid biosynthesis[J]. PNAS, 2015, 112(11):3558-3563.DOI:10.1073/pnas.1420831112.
Cited in this article [1]
[13]
TOLEDO-ORTIZ G, JOHANSSON H, LEE K P, et al. The HY5-PIF regulatory module coordinates light and temperature control of photosynthetic gene transcription[J]. PLoS Genet, 2014, 10(6):e1004416.DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004416.
Cited in this article [1]
[14]
FUJISAWA M, SHIMA Y, NAKAGAWA H, et al. Transcriptional regulation of fruit ripening by tomato FRUITFULL homologs and associated MADS box proteins[J]. Plant Cell, 2014, 26(1):89-101.DOI:10.1105/tpc.113.119453.
Cited in this article [1]
[15]
LU S W, YE J L, ZHU K J, et al. A fruit ripening-associated transcription factor CsMADS5 positively regulates carotenoid biosynthesis in citrus[J]. J Exp Bot, 2021, 72(8):3028-3043.DOI:10.1093/jxb/erab045.
Cited in this article [1]
[16]
ARIAS D, ORTEGA A, GONZÁLEZ-CALQUIN C, et al. Development and carotenoid synthesis in dark-grown carrot taproots require PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED1[J]. Plant Physiol, 2022, 189(3):1450-1465.DOI:10.1093/plphys/kiac097.
Cited in this article [1]
[17]
BREITENBACH J, SANDMANN G. ζ-Carotene cis isomers as products and substrates in the plant poly-cis-carotenoid biosynthetic pathway to lycopene[J]. Planta, 2005, 220(5):785-793.DOI:10.1007/s00425-004-1395-2.
Cited in this article [1]
[18]
ISAACSON T, OHAD I, BEYER P, et al. Analysis in vitro of the enzyme CRTISO establishes a poly-cis-carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants[J]. Plant Physiol, 2004, 136(4):4246-4255.DOI:10.1104/pp.104.052092.
Cited in this article [1]
[19]
CHEN Y, LI F Q, WURTZEL E T. Isolation and characterization of the Z-ISO gene encoding a missing component of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants[J]. Plant Physiol, 2010, 153(1):66-79.DOI:10.1104/pp.110.153916.
Cited in this article [1]
[20]
BARTLEY G E, VIITANEN P V, PECKER I, et al. Molecular cloning and expression in photosynthetic bacteria of a soybean cDNA coding for phytoene desaturase,an enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1991, 88(15):6532-6536.DOI:10.1073/pnas.88.15.6532.
Cited in this article [1]
[21]
FALSAFI S R, ROSTAMABADI H, BABAZADEH A, et al. Lycopene nanodelivery systems;recent advances[J]. Trends Food Sci Technol, 2022, 119:378-399.DOI:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.016.
Cited in this article [1]
[22]
CUNNINGHAM F X J, POGSON B, SUN Z, et al. Functional analysis of the beta and epsilon lycopene cyclase enzymes of Arabidopsis reveals a mechanism for control of cyclic carotenoid formation[J]. Plant Cell, 1996, 8(9):1613-1626.DOI:10.1105/tpc.8.9.1613.
Cited in this article [1]
[23]
CUNNINGHAM F X J, GANTT E. One ring or two?Determination of ring number in carotenoids by lycopene epsilon-cyclases[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2001, 98(5):2905-2910.DOI:10.1073/pnas.051618398.
Cited in this article [1]
[24]
KIM J, DELLAPENNA D. Defining the primary route for lutein synthesis in plants:the role of Arabidopsis carotenoid beta-ring hydroxylase CYP97A3[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103(9):3474-3479.DOI:10.1073/pnas.0511207103.
Cited in this article [1]
[25]
TIAN L, MUSETTI V, KIM J, et al. The Arabidopsis LUT1 locus encodes a member of the cytochrome p450 family that is required for carotenoid epsilon-ring hydroxylation activity[J]. PNAS, 2004, 101(1):402-407.DOI:10.1073/pnas.2237237100.
Cited in this article [1]
[26]
SUN Z, GANTT E, CUNNINGHAM F X J. Cloning and functional analysis of the beta-carotene hydroxylase of Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. J Biol Chem, 1996, 271(40):24349-24352.DOI:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349.
Cited in this article [1]
[27]
YAMAMOTO H Y. Biochemistry of the violaxanthin cycle in higher plants[J]. Pure Appl Chem, 1979, 51(3):639-648.DOI:10.1351/pac197951030639.
Cited in this article [1]
[28]
MARIN E, NUSSAUME L, QUESADA A, et al. Molecular identification of zeaxanthin epoxidase of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia,a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and corresponding to the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. EMBO J, 1996, 15(10):2331-2342.
Cited in this article [1]
[29]
BUGOS R C, YAMAMOTO H Y. Molecular cloning of violaxanthin de-epoxidase from romaine lettuce and expression in Escherichia coli[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93(13):6320-6325.DOI:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6320.
Cited in this article [1]
[30]
AL-BABILI S, HUGUENEY P, SCHLEDZ M, et al. Identification of a novel gene coding for neoxanthin synthase from Solanum tuberosum[J]. FEBS Lett, 2000, 485(2/3):168-172.DOI:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02193-1.
Cited in this article [1]
[31]
BOUVIER F, HUGUENEY P, D’HARLINGUE A, et al. Xanthophyll biosynthesis in chromoplasts:isolation and molecular cloning of an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of 5,6-epoxycarotenoid into ketocarotenoid[J]. Plant J, 1994, 6(1):45-54.DOI:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1994.6010045.x.
Cited in this article [1]
[32]
YU S, LI M, DUBCOVSKY J, et al. Mutant combinations of lycopene varepsilon-cyclase and beta-carotene hydroxylase 2 homoeologs increased beta-carotene accumulation in endosperm of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) grains[J]. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2022, 20(3): 564-576. DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13738.
Cited in this article [1]
[33]
WALTER M H, STRACK D. Carotenoids and their cleavage products:biosynthesis and functions[J]. Nat Prod Rep, 2011, 28(4):663-692.DOI:10.1039/C0NP00036A.
Cited in this article [1]
[34]
TAN B C, JOSEPH L M, DENG W T, et al. Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene family[J]. Plant J, 2003, 35(1):44-56.DOI:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01786.x.
Cited in this article [1]
[35]
SCHWARTZ S H, QIN X Q, ZEEVAART J A D. Elucidation of the indirect pathway of abscisic acid biosynthesis by mutants,genes,and enzymes[J]. Plant Physiol, 2003, 131(4):1591-1601.DOI:10.1104/pp.102.017921.
Cited in this article [1]
[36]
VOGEL J T, TAN B C, MCCARTY D R, et al. The carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 enzyme has broad substrate specificity,cleaving multiple carotenoids at two different bond positions[J]. J Biol Chem, 2008, 283(17):11364-11373.DOI:10.1074/jbc.M710106200.
Cited in this article [1]
[37]
LI T, DENG Y J, LIU J X, et al. DcCCD4 catalyzes the degradation of alpha-carotene and beta-carotene to affect carotenoid accumulation and taproot color in carrot[J]. The Plant Journal, 2021, 108(4): 1116-1130. DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15498.
Cited in this article [1]
[38]
RUYTER-SPIRA C, AL-BABILI S, VAN DER KROL S, et al. The biology of strigolactones[J]. Trends Plant Sci, 2013, 18(2):72-83.DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2012.10.003.
Cited in this article [1]
[39]
KO M R, SONG M H, KIM J K, et al. RNAi-mediated suppression of three carotenoid-cleavage dioxygenase genes,OsCCD1,4a,and 4b,increases carotenoid content in rice[J]. J Exp Bot, 2018, 69(21):5105-5116.DOI:10.1093/jxb/ery300.
Cited in this article [1]
[40]
OHMIYA A. Diversity of carotenoid composition in flower petals[J]. Jpn Agric Res Q JARQ, 2011, 45(2):163-171.DOI:10.6090/jarq.45.163.
Cited in this article [2]
[41]
ZHU C F, BAI C, SANAHUJA G, et al. The regulation of carotenoid pigmentation in flowers[J]. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2010, 504(1):132-141.DOI:10.1016/j.abb.2010.07.028.
Cited in this article [3]
[42]
XIONG C, LUO D, LIN A H, et al. A tomato B-box protein SlBBX20 modulates carotenoid biosynthesis by directly activating PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1,and is targeted for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation[J]. New Phytol, 2019, 221(1):279-294.DOI:10.1111/nph.15373.
Cited in this article [1]
[43]
DEL VILLAR-MARTÍNEZ A A, GARCÍA-SAUCEDO P A, CARABEZ-TREJO A, et al. Carotenogenic gene expression and ultrastructural changes during development in marigold[J]. J Plant Physiol, 2005, 162(9):1046-1056.DOI:10.1016/j.jplph.2004.12.004.
Cited in this article [2]
[44]
MOEHS C P, TIAN L, OSTERYOUNG K W, et al. Analysis of carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression during marigold petal development[J]. Plant Mol Biol, 2001, 45(3):281-293.DOI:10.1023/A:1006417009203.
Cited in this article [1]
[45]
ZHANG H L, ZHANG S Y, ZHANG H, et al. Carotenoid metabolite and transcriptome dynamics underlying flower color in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10:16835.DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-73859-7.
Cited in this article [1]
[46]
KISHIMOTO S, MAOKA T, NAKAYAMA M, et al. Carotenoid composition in petals of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura)[J]. Phytochemistry, 2004, 65(20):2781-2787.DOI:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.038.
Cited in this article [1]
[47]
PARK C H, CHAE S C, PARK S Y, et al. Anthocyanin and carotenoid contents in different cultivars of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) flower[J]. Molecules, 2015, 20(6):11090-11102.DOI:10.3390/molecules200611090.
Cited in this article [1]
[48]
KISHIMOTO S, OHMIYA A. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in petals and leaves of Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)[J]. Physiol Plant, 2006, 128(3):436-447.DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00761.x.
Cited in this article [2]
[49]
OHMIYA A, KISHIMOTO S, AIDA R, et al. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CmCCD4a) contributes to white color formation in Chrysanthemum petals[J]. Plant Physiol, 2006, 142(3):1193-1201.DOI:10.1104/pp.106.087130.
Cited in this article [3]
[50]
HUANG H F, GAO X K, GAO X, et al. Flower color mutation,pink to orange,through CmGATA4-CCD4a-5 module regulates carotenoids degradation in chrysanthemum[J]. Plant Sci, 2022, 322:111290.DOI:10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111290.
Cited in this article [4]
[51]
GIULIANO G, BARTLEY G E, SCOLNIK P A. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato development[J]. Plant Cell, 1993, 5(4):379-387.DOI:10.1105/tpc.5.4.379.
Cited in this article [1]
[52]
RONEN G, COHEN M, ZAMIR D, et al. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit development: expression of the gene for lycopene epsilon-cyclase is down-regulated during ripening and is elevated in the mutant Delta[J]. Plant J Cell Mol Biol, 1999, 17(4):341-51.
Cited in this article [1]
[53]
PECKER I, GABBAY R, CUNNINGHAM F X Jr, et al. Cloning and characterization of the cDNA for lycopene β-cyclase from tomato reveals decrease in its expression during fruit ripening[J]. Plant Mol Biol, 1996, 30(4):807-819.DOI:10.1007/BF00019013.
Cited in this article [1]
[54]
CORONA V, ARACRI B, KOSTURKOVA G, et al. Regulation of a carotenoid biosynthesis gene promoter during plant development[J]. Plant J, 1996, 9(4):505-512.DOI:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.09040505.x.
Cited in this article [1]
[55]
GAO M, QU H, GAO L, et al. Dissecting the mechanism of Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum chilense flower colour formation[J]. Plant Biol (Stuttg), 2015, 17(1):1-8.DOI:10.1111/plb.12186.
Cited in this article [2]
[56]
GALPAZ N, RONEN G, KHALFA Z, et al. A chromoplast-specific carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is revealed by cloning of the tomato white-flower locus[J]. Plant Cell, 2006, 18(8):1947-1960.DOI:10.1105/tpc.105.039966.
Cited in this article [1]
[57]
HOSHINO A, JAYAKUMAR V, NITASAKA E, et al. Genome sequence and analysis of the Japanese morning glory Ipomoea nil[J]. Nat Commun, 2016, 7:13295.DOI:10.1038/ncomms13295.
Cited in this article [1]
[58]
YAMAMIZO C, KISHIMOTO S, OHMIYA A. Carotenoid composition and carotenogenic gene expression during Ipomoea petal development[J]. J Exp Bot, 2009, 61(3):709-719.DOI:10.1093/jxb/erp335.
Cited in this article [2]
[59]
WATANABE K, ODA-YAMAMIZO C, SAGE-ONO K, et al. Overexpression of carotenogenic genes in the Japanese morning glory Ipomoea (Pharbitis) nil[J]. Plant Biotechnology, 2017, 34(4): 177-185. DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.17.1016a.
Cited in this article [1]
[60]
WATANABE K, ODA-YAMAMIZO C, SAGE-ONO K, et al. Alteration of flower colour in Ipomoea nil through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4[J]. Transgenic Res, 2018, 27(1):25-38.DOI:10.1007/s11248-017-0051-0.
Cited in this article [1]
[61]
向其柏, 刘玉莲. 中国桂花品种图志[M]. 杭州: 浙江科学技术出版社, 2008.
XIANG Q B, LIU Y L. An illustrated monograph of the sweet osmanthus cultivars in China[M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Science & Technology Press, 2008.
Cited in this article [1]
[62]
臧德奎, 向其柏. 桂花品种研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004(S1):7-13.
ZANG D K, XIANG Q B. Studies on Osmanthus fragrans cultivars[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2004(S1):7-13.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2014.07.002.
Cited in this article [1]
[63]
WANG Y G, ZHANG C, DONG B, et al. Carotenoid accumulation and its contribution to flower coloration of Osmanthus fragrans[J]. Front Plant Sci, 2018, 9:1499.DOI:10.3389/fpls.2018.01499.
Cited in this article [4]
[64]
CHEN H G, ZENG X L, YANG J, et al. Whole-genome resequencing of Osmanthus fragrans provides insights into flower color evolution[J]. Hortic Res, 2021, 8:98.DOI:10.1038/s41438-021-00531-0.
Cited in this article [1]
[65]
LIU Y C, DONG B, ZHANG C, et al. Effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on carotenoids and petal color in Osmanthus fragrans ‘Yanhonggui’[J]. Plants (Basel), 2020, 9(4):454.DOI:10.3390/plants9040454.
Cited in this article [1]
[66]
XI W, HE Y H, ZHU L L, et al. CPTA treatment reveals potential transcription factors associated with carotenoid metabolism in flowers of Osmanthus fragrans[J]. Hortic Plant J, 2021, 7(5):479-487.DOI:10.1016/j.hpj.2021.03.002.
Cited in this article [1]
[67]
HAN Y J, WANG X H, CHEN W C, et al. Differential expression of carotenoid-related genes determines diversified carotenoid coloration in flower petal of Osmanthus fragrans[J]. Tree Genet Genomes, 2014, 10(2):329-338.DOI:10.1007/s11295-013-0687-8.
Cited in this article [1]
[68]
HAO Z D, LIU S Q, HU L F, et al. Transcriptome analysis and metabolic profiling reveal the key role of carotenoids in the petal coloration of Liriodendron tulipifera[J]. Hortic Res, 2020, 7:70.DOI:10.1038/s41438-020-0287-3.
Cited in this article [1]
[69]
WANG W J, LIU G S, NIU H X, et al. The F-box protein COI1 functions upstream of MYB305 to regulate primary carbohydrate metabolism in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.cv.TN90)[J]. J Exp Bot, 2014, 65(8):2147-2160.DOI:10.1093/jxb/eru084.
Cited in this article [1]
[70]
LIU G Y, REN G, GUIRGIS A, et al. The MYB305 transcription factor regulates expression of nectarin genes in the ornamental tobacco floral nectary[J]. Plant Cell, 2009, 21(9):2672-2687.DOI:10.1105/tpc.108.060079.
Cited in this article [1]
[71]
SAGAWA J M, STANLEY L E, LAFOUNTAIN A M, et al. An R2R3-MYB transcription factor regulates carotenoid pigmentation in Mimulus lewisii flowers[J]. New Phytol, 2016, 209(3):1049-1057.DOI:10.1111/nph.13647.
Cited in this article [1]
[72]
STANLEY L E, DING B Q, SUN W, et al. A tetratricopeptide repeat protein regulates carotenoid biosynthesis and chromoplast development in monkeyflowers (Mimulus)[J]. Plant Cell, 2020, 32(5):1536-1555.DOI:10.1105/tpc.19.00755.
Cited in this article [1]
[73]
MENG Y Y, WANG Z Y, WANG Y Q, et al. The MYB activator WHITE PETAL1 associates with MtTT8 and MtWD40-1 to regulate carotenoid-derived flower pigmentation in Medicago truncatula[J]. Plant Cell, 2019, 31(11):2751-2767.DOI:10.1105/tpc.19.00480.
Cited in this article [2]
[74]
LI P H, CHEN B B, ZHANG G Y, et al. Regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by Medicago truncatula bHLH transcription factor MtTT8[J]. New Phytol, 2016, 210(3):905-921.DOI:10.1111/nph.13816.
Cited in this article [1]
[75]
HAN Y J, WU M, CAO L Y, et al. Characterization of OfWRKY3,a transcription factor that positively regulates the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene OfCCD4 in Osmanthus fragrans[J]. Plant Mol Biol, 2016, 91(4):485-496.DOI:10.1007/s11103-016-0483-6.
Cited in this article [2]
[76]
陆晨飞, 刘钰婷. 类胡萝卜素代谢调控与植物颜色变异[J]. 北方园艺, 2016(16):193-199.
LU C F, LIU Y T. Plant color mutants and the regulation of carotenoids metabolism[J]. North Hortic, 2016(16):193-199.DOI:10.11937/bfyy.201616049.
Cited in this article [1]
[77]
MENG F L, LI Y Y, LI S W, et al. Carotenoid biofortification in tomato products along whole agro-food chain from field to fork[J]. Trends Food Sci Technol, 2022, 124:296-308.DOI:10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.023.
Cited in this article [1]
[78]
RODRIGUEZ-CONCEPCION M, DARÒS J A. Transient expression systems to rewire plant carotenoid metabolism[J]. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2022, 66:102190.DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102190.
Cited in this article [1]
[79]
EISENSTEIN M. Seven technologies to watch in 2022[J]. Nature, 2022, 601(7894):658-661.DOI:10.1038/d41586-022-00163-x.
Cited in this article [1]
[80]
ANJANAPPA R B, GRUISSEM W. Current progress and challenges in crop genetic transformation[J]. J Plant Physiol, 2021, 261:153411.DOI:10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153411.
Cited in this article [1]
[81]
ZHANG Y X, MALZAHN A A, SRETENOVIC S, et al. The emerging and uncultivated potential of CRISPR technology in plant science[J]. Nat Plants, 2019, 5(8):778-794.DOI:10.1038/s41477-019-0461-5.
Cited in this article [1]
PDF(2511 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail
Sections
Recommended
The full text is translated into English by AI, aiming to facilitate reading and comprehension. The core content is subject to the explanation in Chinese.

Author

Reader

Reviewer

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

Edited ＆ Published by Editorial Department of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)
Address： No.159 Longpan Road,Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu,P.R.China
E-mail ：xuebao@njfu.edu.cn , xuebao@njfu.com.cn
Telephone +86-25-85428247,85427076
Distributed by China International Book Trading Corporation P.O. Box 399, Beijing ,P.R. China

/

〈 〉